Movatterモバイル変換

Fourteenth Dynasty	XIV	1705–1690
Fifteenth Dynasty (Hyksos)	XV	1674–1535
Sixteenth Dynasty	XVI	1660–1600
Abydos Dynasty		1650–1600
Seventeenth Dynasty	XVII	1580–1549

New Kingdom

Eighteenth Dynasty	XVIII	1549–1292
Nineteenth Dynasty	XIX	1292–1189
Twentieth Dynasty	XX	1189–1077

Third Intermediate

Twenty-first Dynasty	XXI	1069–945
Twenty-second Dynasty	XXII	945–720
Twenty-third Dynasty	XXIII	837–728
Twenty-fourth Dynasty	XXIV	732–720
Twenty-fifth Dynasty (Nubian)	XXV	732–653

Late Period

Twenty-sixth Dynasty	XXVI	672–525
Twenty-seventh Dynasty (1st Persian Period)	XXVII	525–404
Twenty-eighth Dynasty	XXVIII	404–398
Twenty-ninth Dynasty	XXIX	398–380
Thirtieth Dynasty	XXX	380–343
Thirty-first Dynasty (2nd Persian Period)	XXXI	343–332

Hellenistic Egypt

Thirty-second Dynasty	XXXII	332–305
Thirty-third Dynasty	XXXIII	305–30

Roman Egypt

Thirty-fourth Dynasty
(Roman Pharaohs)

XXXIV

30 BC – 313 AD

Byzantine Egypt

Thirty-fifth Dynasty
(speculated)

XXXV

379 AD – 641 AD

See also:List of pharaohs by period and dynasty
Periodization of ancient Egypt

TheFifth Dynasty ofancient Egypt (notatedDynasty V) is often combined with DynastiesIII,IV andVI under the group title theOld Kingdom. The Fifth Dynastypharaohs reigned for around 150 years, from the early 25th century BC until the mid 24th century BC.

Chronology

[edit]

The Fifth Dynasty of Egypt is a group of nine kings ruling Egypt for around 150 years in the25th and24th centuries BC.^{[note 1]} The relative succession of kings is not entirely secured as there are contradictions between historical sources and archaeological evidence regarding the reign of the shadowyShepseskare.

Rulers

[edit]

Known rulers in the Fifth Dynasty are listed below.^[7]Manetho assigns 248 years of rule to the Fifth Dynasty; however, thepharaohs of this dynasty more probably ruled for around 150 years.^[19] This estimate varies by both scholar and source. TheHorus names^[18] and most names of the queens^[20] are taken from Dodson and Hilton.^[21]

**Dynasty V monarchs**
Nomen (personal name)	Prenomen (throne name)	Horus-name	Reign	Pyramid	Spouse(s)
Userkaf		Irimaat	c. 2498 – c. 2491 BC	Pyramid of Userkaf
Sahure		Nebkhau	c. 2491 – c. 2477 BC	Pyramid of Sahure	Meretnebty
Kakai	Neferirkare	Userkhau	c. 2477 – c. 2460 BC	Pyramid of Neferirkare	Khentkaus II
Isi	Neferefre	Neferkhau	c. 2460 – c. 2458 BC	Unfinished Pyramid of Neferefre
Netjeruser	Shepseskare	Sekhemkhau	Around a few months, c. 2458 BC
Ini	Nyuserre	Setibtawy	c. 2458 -c. 2422 BC	Pyramid of Nyuserre Ini	Reptynub
Kaiu	Menkauhor	Menkhau	c. 2422 - c. 2414 BC
Isesi	Djedkare	Djedkhau	c. 2414 - c. 2375 BC	Pyramid of Djedkare Isesi
Unas		Wadjtawy	c. 2375 - c. 2345 BC	Pyramid of Unas	Nebet Khenut

Manetho writes that the Dynasty V kings ruled fromElephantine, but archeologists have found evidence clearly showing that their palaces were still located atIneb-hedj ("White Walls").

As before, expeditions were sent toWadi Maghareh andWadi Kharit in theSinai to mine forturquoise andcopper, and to quarries northwest ofAbu Simbel forgneiss. Trade expeditions were sent south toPunt to obtainmalachite,myrrh, andelectrum, and archeological finds atByblos attest to diplomatic expeditions sent to thatPhoenician city. Finds bearing the names of several Dynasty V kings at the site ofDorak, near theSea of Marmara, may be evidence of trade but remain a mystery.

Userkaf

[edit]

HowPharaoh Userkaf founded this dynasty is not known for certain. TheWestcar Papyrus, which was written during theMiddle Kingdom, tells a story of how kingKhufu of Dynasty IV was given a prophecy that triplets born to the wife of the priest ofRa inSakhbu would overthrow him and his heirs, and how he attempted to put these children – named Userkaf,Sahure, andNeferirkare – to death; however in recent years, scholars have recognized this story to be at best a legend and admit their ignorance over how the transition from one dynasty to another transpired.

During this dynasty,Egyptian religion made several important changes. The earliest known copies of funerary prayers inscribed on royal tombs (known as thePyramid Texts) appear. The cult of the godRa gains added importance, and kings from Userkaf throughMenkauhor Kaiu built temples dedicated to Ra at or nearAbusir. Then late in this dynasty, the cult of thedeity Osiris assumes importance, most notably in the inscriptions found in the tomb ofUnas.

Djedkare Isesi

[edit]

Amongst non-royal Egyptians of this time,Ptahhotep,vizier toDjedkare Isesi, won fame for his wisdom;The Maxims of Ptahhotep was ascribed to him by its later copyists. Non-royal tombs were also decorated with inscriptions, like the royal ones, but instead of prayers or incantations, biographies of the deceased were written on the walls.

Comparison of regnal lists

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The ancient kings lists are in broad agreement on the order of the kings of this dynasty, though some kings were omitted on certain lists. TheTurin King List is today in a fragmentary state and names and reign lengths are missing for some parts of this dynasty. WhileShepseskare's reign is placed beforeNeferefre on these lists, Egyptologists today believe he reigned brieflyafter Neferefre rather than before him.

Historical Pharaoh	Abydos King List	Saqqara Tablet	Turin King List^[22]	Manetho^[23]	Reign Years
Historical Pharaoh	Abydos King List	Saqqara Tablet	Turin King List^[22]	Manetho^[23]	Turin List^[22]	Manetho^[23]
Userkaf	Userkaf	Userkaf	[User]kaf	Ouserkheres	7	28
Sahure	Sahure	Sahure	Name lost	Sephres	12	13
Neferirkare Kakai	Kakai	Neferirkare	Name lost	Nepherkheres	Lost	20
Shepseskare	–	Shepseskare	Name lost	Sisires	7	7
Neferefre	Neferefre	Khaneferre	Name lost	Kheres	Lost	20
Nyuserre Ini	Nyuserre	–	Name lost	Rhathoures	10+	44
Menkauhor Kaiu	Menkauhor	Menkauhor	Menkauhor	Menkheres	8	9
Djedkare Isesi	Djedkare	Maatkare	Djedu	Tankheres	28	44
Unas	Unis	Unis	Unis	Onnos	30	33

Fifth Dynasty timeline

[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to5th dynasty of Egypt.

Notes

[edit]

^Several dates have been proposed by the scholars for the Fifth Dynasty: 2513–2374,^[1]^[2] 2510–2370,^[3] 2510–2460,^[4] 2504–2345,^[5] 2498–2345,^[6] 2494–2345,^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] 2465–2323,^[11]^[12] 2454–2297,^[5] 2450–2335,^[13]^[14]2450–2325,^[15] 2435–2306,^[16]^[17] 2392–2282^[18]

References

[edit]

^Verner 2001b, pp. 588–590.
^Altenmüller 2001, pp. 597–600.
^Verner 2001d, p. 473.
^Grimal 1992, p. 390.
^^a ^bvon Beckerath 1997, p. 188.
^Clayton 1994, p. 60.
^^a ^bShaw 2000, p. 482.
^Bard 1999, p. xlv, Chronology of Ancient Egypt.
^Málek 2000, pp. 98 & 100.
^Rice 1999, p. xlix, Chronoloy.
^Lehner 2008, p. 8.
^Allenet al. 1999, p. xx.
^Verner 2001a, p. 418.
^Krauss 1998, p. 56.
^Arnold 2003, p. 267.
^Hornung 2012, p. 491.
^Bárta 2017, p. 3.
^^a ^bDodson & Hilton 2004, p. 288.
^Altenmüller 2001, p. 597.
^Dodson & Hilton 2004, p. 65.
^Dodson & Hilton 2004, pp. 65 & 288.
^^a ^bLundström, Peter."Turin King List: column 4".Pharaoh.se. Retrieved2025-09-10.
^^a ^bLundström, Peter."The Dynasties of Manetho".Pharaoh.se. Retrieved2025-09-10.

Bibliography

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Allen, James; Allen, Susan; Anderson, Julie; Arnold, Arnold; Arnold, Dorothea; Cherpion, Nadine; David, Élisabeth; Grimal, Nicolas; Grzymski, Krzysztof; Hawass, Zahi; Hill, Marsha; Jánosi, Peter; Labée-Toutée, Sophie; Labrousse, Audran; Lauer, Jean-Phillippe; Leclant, Jean; Der Manuelian, Peter; Millet, N. B.; Oppenheim, Adela; Craig Patch, Diana; Pischikova, Elena; Rigault, Patricia; Roehrig, Catharine H.; Wildung, Dietrich; Ziegler, Christiane (1999).Egyptian Art in the Age of the Pyramids. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.OCLC 41431623.
Altenmüller, Hartwig (2001). "Old Kingdom: Fifth Dynasty". InRedford, Donald B. (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 597–601.ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
Arnold, Dieter (2003).The Encyclopaedia of Ancient Egyptian Architecture. London: I.B Tauris & Co Ltd.ISBN 1860644651.
Bard, Kathryn, ed. (1999).Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt. London; New York: Routledge.ISBN 978-0-203-98283-9.
Bárta, Miroslav (2017)."Radjedef to the Eighth Dynasty".UCLA Encyclopedia of Egyptology.1 (1). San Diego: The University of California.ISBN 978-0-615-21403-0.
Clayton, Peter (1994).Chronicle of the Pharaohs. New York: Thames & Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-05074-3.
Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dyan (2004).The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt. London: Thames & Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-05128-3.
Grimal, Nicolas (1992).A History of Ancient Egypt. Translated by Ian Shaw. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing.ISBN 978-0-631-19396-8.
Hornung, Erik; Krauss, Rolf; Warburton, David, eds. (2012).Ancient Egyptian Chronology. Handbook of Oriental Studies. Leiden, Boston: Brill.ISBN 978-90-04-11385-5.ISSN 0169-9423.
Krauss, Rolf (1998). "Wenn und aber: Das Wag-Fest und die Chronologie des Alten Reiches".Göttinger Miszellen (in German).162. Göttingen: Universität der Göttingen. Seminar für Agyptologie und Koptologie:53–64.ISSN 0344-385X.
Lehner, Mark (2008).The Complete Pyramids. London: Thames & Hudson Ltd.ISBN 978-0-500-05084-2.
Málek, Jaromir (2000)."The Old Kingdom (c.2160-2055 BC)". In Shaw, Ian (ed.).The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford University Press. pp. 83–107.ISBN 978-0-19-815034-3.
Rice, Michael (1999).Who is who in Ancient Egypt. Routledge London & New York.ISBN 978-0-203-44328-6.
Shaw, Ian, ed. (2000).The Oxford History of Ancient Egypt. Oxford: Oxford University Press.ISBN 0-19-815034-2.
Verner, Miroslav (2001a)."Archaeological Remarks on the 4th and 5th Dynasty Chronology"(PDF).Archiv Orientální.69 (3):363–418. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-03-04. Retrieved2019-11-24.
Verner, Miroslav (2001b). "Old Kingdom: An Overview". InRedford, Donald B. (ed.).The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt, Volume 2. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 585–591.ISBN 978-0-19-510234-5.
Verner, Miroslav (2001d).The Pyramids. The Mystery, Culture, and Science of Egypt's Great Monuments. Translated by Steven Rendall. New York: Grove Press.ISBN 978-0-8021-3935-1.
von Beckerath, Jürgen (1997).Chronologie des pharaonischen Ägypten : die Zeitbestimmung der ägyptischen Geschichte von der Vorzeit bis 332 v. Chr. Münchner ägyptologische Studien (in German). Vol. 46. Mainz am Rhein: Philipp von Zabern.ISBN 978-3-8053-2310-9.

Preceded by

Fourth Dynasty

Dynasty of Egypt
c. 2498 BC – c. 2345 BC

Succeeded by

Sixth Dynasty

Pharaohs

Protodynastic toFirst Intermediate Period (<3150–2040 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Protodynastic
(pre-3150 BC)

Lower	Hedju Hor Ny-Hor Ni-Neith Hat-Hor Pu Hsekiu Khayu Tiu Thesh Neheb Wazner Mekh Double Falcon Wash
Upper	A Finger Snail Fish Elephant Stork Bull Scorpion I Crocodile Iry-Hor Ka Scorpion II Narmer /Menes

Early Dynastic
(3150–2686 BC)

I	Narmer /Menes Hor-Aha Djer Djet Den Anedjib Semerkhet Qa'a Sneferka Horus Bird
II	Hotepsekhemwy Nebra Nynetjer Ba Nubnefer Horus Sa Weneg-Nebty Wadjenes Senedj Seth-Peribsen Sekhemib-Perenmaat Neferkara I Neferkasokar Hudjefa I Khasekhemwy

Old Kingdom
(2686–2181 BC)

III	Djoser Sekhemkhet Sanakht Nebka Khaba Sedjes Qahedjet Huni
IV	Snefru Khufu Djedefre Khafre Bikheris Menkaure Shepseskaf Thamphthis
V	Userkaf Sahure Neferirkare Kakai Neferefre Shepseskare Nyuserre Ini Menkauhor Kaiu Djedkare Isesi Unas
VI	Teti Userkare Pepi I Merenre Nemtyemsaf I Pepi II Merenre Nemtyemsaf II Netjerkare Siptah Neferka Nefer

1^st Intermediate
(2181–2040 BC)

VII/VIII	Menkare Neferkare II Neferkare III Neby Djedkare Shemai Neferkare IV Khendu Merenhor Neferkamin Nikare Neferkare V Tereru Neferkahor Neferkare VI Pepiseneb Neferkamin Anu Qakare Iby Neferkaure Neferkauhor Neferirkare Wadjkare Khuiqer Khui Iytjenu
IX	Meryibre Khety Neferkare VII Nebkaure Khety Setut Imhotep
X	Meryhathor Neferkare VIII Wahkare Khety Merykare

Middle Kingdom andSecond Intermediate Period (2040–1550 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Middle Kingdom
(2040–1802 BC)

XI	Mentuhotep I Intef I Intef II Intef III Mentuhotep II Mentuhotep III Mentuhotep IV
Nubia	Segerseni Qakare Ini Iyibkhentre
XII	Amenemhat I Senusret I Amenemhat II Senusret II Senusret III Amenemhat III Amenemhat IV Sobekneferu^♀ Seankhibtawy Seankhibra

2^nd Intermediate
(1802–1550 BC)

XIII	Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep Sonbef Nerikare Sekhemkare Amenemhat V Ameny Qemau Hotepibre Iufni Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI Semenkare Nebnuni Sehetepibre Sewadjkare Nedjemibre Khaankhre Sobekhotep Renseneb Hor Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw Djedkheperew Sebkay Sedjefakare Wegaf Khendjer Imyremeshaw Sehetepkare Intef Seth Meribre Sobekhotep III Neferhotep I Sihathor Sobekhotep IV Merhotepre Sobekhotep Khahotepre Sobekhotep Wahibre Ibiau Merneferre Ay Merhotepre Ini Sankhenre Sewadjtu Mersekhemre Ined Sewadjkare Hori Merkawre Sobekhotep Mershepsesre Ini II Sewahenre Senebmiu Merkheperre Merkare Sewadjare Mentuhotep Seheqenre Sankhptahi
XIV	Yakbim Sekhaenre Ya'ammu Nubwoserre Qareh Khawoserre 'Ammu Ahotepre Maaibre Sheshi Nehesy Khakherewre Nebefawre Sehebre Merdjefare Sewadjkare III Nebdjefare Nebsenre Sekheperenre Bebnum 'Apepi Nuya Wazad Sheneh Shenshek Khamure Yakareb Yaqub-Har
XV	Sharek Semqen 'Aper-'Anati Salitis Sakir-Har Khyan Yanassi Apepi Khamudi
XVI	Djehuti Sobekhotep VIII Neferhotep III Mentuhotepi Nebiryraw I Nebiriau II Semenre Bebiankh Sekhemre Shedwast Dedumose I Dedumose II Montuemsaf Merankhre Mentuhotep Senusret IV Pepi III
Abydos	Senebkay Wepwawetemsaf Pantjeny Snaaib
XVII	Rahotep Nebmaatre Sobekemsaf I Sobekemsaf II Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef Nubkheperre Intef Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef Senakhtenre Ahmose Seqenenre Tao Kamose

New Kingdom andThird Intermediate Period (1550–664 BC)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs (male female^♀) uncertain

New Kingdom
(1550–1070 BC)

XVIII	Ahmose I Amenhotep I Thutmose I Thutmose II Hatshepsut^♀ Thutmose III Amenhotep II Thutmose IV Amenhotep III Akhenaten Smenkhkare Neferneferuaten^♀ Tutankhamun Ay Horemheb
XIX	Ramesses I Seti I Ramesses II Merneptah Amenmesses Seti II Siptah Tausret^♀
XX	Setnakhte Ramesses III Ramesses IV Ramesses V Ramesses VI Ramesses VII Ramesses VIII Ramesses IX Ramesses X Ramesses XI Ramesses XII

3^rd Intermediate
(1069–664 BC)

XXI	Smendes Amenemnisu Psusennes I Amenemope Osorkon the Elder Siamun Psusennes II
High Priests of Amun	Herihor Pinedjem I Menkheperre
XXII	Shoshenq I Osorkon I Heqakheperre Shoshenq IIa Tutkheperre Shoshenq IIb Maatkheperre Shoshenq IIc Takelot I Osorkon II Shoshenq III Shoshenq IV Pami I Shoshenq V
Lines of XXII/XXIII	Harsiese Takelot II Pedubast I Iuput I Shoshenq VI Osorkon III Takelot III Rudamun Shoshenq VII Menkheperre Ini Iuput II of Leontopolis Peftjauawybast of Herakleopolis Nimlot I of Hermopolis Djehutyemhat of Hermopolis Nimlot II of Hermopolis Padinemti of Hermopolis
XXIII	Pedubast II Osorkon IV Pami II Gemenefkhonsbak Pedubast III
XXIV	Tefnakht Bakenranef
XXV	Piye Shebitku Shabaka Taharqa Tanutamun

Late toRoman Period(664 BC–313 AD)

Period

Dynasty	Pharaohs male female^♀ uncertain

Late
(664–332 BC)

XXVI	Ammeris Tefnakht II Nekauba Necho I Psamtik I Necho II Psamtik II Wahibre Ahmose II Psamtik III
XXVII	Cambyses II Petubastis III Darius I Psammetichus IV Xerxes Artaxerxes I Darius II
XXVIII	Amyrtaeus
XXIX	Nepherites I Hakor Psammuthes Nepherites II Muthis
XXX	Nectanebo I Teos Nectanebo II
XXXI	Artaxerxes III Khabash Arses Darius III

Hellenistic
(332–30 BC)

Argead

Ptolemaic

Roman
(30 BC–313 AD)

XXXIV

Dynastic genealogies
1^st 2^nd 3^rd 4^th 11^th 12^th 18^th 19^th 20^th 21^st to 23^rd 24^th 25^th 26^th 27^th 30^th 31^st Argead Ptolemaic

List of pharaohs

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