Fifth Deuba Cabinet
Council of Ministers of Nepal
Date formed	13 July 2021
Date dissolved	26 December 2022
People and organisations
President	Bidya Devi Bhandari
Prime Minister	Sher Bahadur Deuba
Member parties	Nepali Congress Coalition partners:  CPN (Maoist Centre)  CPN (Unified Socialist) External support:  Loktantrik Samajwadi Party  People's Progressive Party  Rastriya Janamorcha[a]
Status in legislature	Majoritycoalition government
Opposition party	CPN (Unified Marxist–Leninist)
Opposition leader	KP Sharma Oli,CPN (UML)
History
Election	2017 general election
Legislature term	1st Federal Parliament of Nepal
Predecessor	Third Oli cabinet
Successor	Third Dahal cabinet

TheFifth Deuba cabinet was theGovernment of Nepal from 13 July 2021 to 26 December 2022. It was formed afterSher Bahadur Deuba was appointed as the newprime minister of Nepal bypresidentBidya Devi Bhandari following an order from theSupreme Court, which declared the dissolution of theHouse of Representatives on the recommendation of former prime ministerKP Sharma Oli to be unlawful.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} The fifth Deuba cabinet was replaced by theDahal cabinet, 2022 on 26 December 2022, whenPushpa Kamal Dahal'sCPN (Maoist Centre) broke away from the electoral alliance withNepali Congress and joined hands with other opposition parties to form a government in the aftermath of the2022 general election.

The cabinet consisted of an alliance of political parties formed in opposition of former prime minister Oli's dissolution of theHouse of Representatives. It consisted of Nepali Congress, the CPN (Maoist Centre),CPN (Unified Socialist) andPeople's Socialist Party, Nepal during formation. TheLoktantrik Samajbadi Party, Nepal andRastriya Janamorcha provides confidence and support to the government.^[6]

On 12 July 2021, the constitutional bench of theSupreme Court ruled that the President's decision to dissolve the House of Representatives on the recommendation of the Council of Ministers was unlawful and ordered the appointment of Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours.^[5] President Bhandari appointed Deuba as the Prime Minister in accordance with Article 76 (5) of theConstitution of Nepal, and he was sworn in for a fifth term on 13 July 2021.^[7][8]

Four ministers took their oath of office alongside Deuba.^[9] The full cabinet was formed on 8 October 2021.^[10]

On 18 July 2021,Minister for Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,Gyanendra Bahadur Karki, registered a proposal for vote of confidence in the first meeting of reinstatedHouse of Representatives. Out of 249 lawmakers present in the meeting, Deuba received support of 165 lawmakers with 83 against while one abstained.^[11] Deuba received votes from theCPN (Maoist Centre), thePeople's Socialist Party, Nepal and afaction of the CPN (UML). The PSPN, collectively voted for Deuba despite internal split within the party.^[12]

USA: Theambassador of the United States to Nepal,Randy Berry, was the first diplomat to congratulate Deuba, visiting Deuba at his residence with congratulatory messages on 14 July.^[13] Earlier, he had congratulated Deuba, within an hour of his appointment, via a tweet.^[14]

India: The Indian ambassador to Nepal,Vinay Mohan Kwatra, visited Deuba at his residence on 14 July to congratulate him on his appointment.^[13][15] TheIndian prime minister,Narendra Modi, congratulated Deuba via a tweet on 18 July, after Deuba had won the vote of confidence.^[16] The two prime ministers had a telephonic conversation on 19 July, where they vowed to "work together to further enhance the wide-ranging cooperation between India and Nepal, including in the fight against theCOVID-19 pandemic."^[17]

Israel: The Israeli ambassador to Nepal, Hanan Goder-Goldberger, visited Deuba atSingha Durbar on 15 July, stating he was "hopeful ofNepal–Israel relations to get stronger" during Deuba's tenure.^[18]

China: TheChinese ambassador to Nepal,Hou Yanqui, visited Deuba at Singha Durbar on 20 July, where she announced the grant of an additional 16 lakh doses of theCOVID-19 vaccines to Nepal.^[19]

Apart from these, Deuba received congratulatory remarks from the heads of government and diplomats of other countries.

Intra-party matters of the four parties in the governing coalition delayed the allotment of ministries and resulted in the fulfillment of the cabinet 85 days after the prime minister taking office. Being the largest party in the coalition,Nepali Congress was apportioned eight ministries and one state minister, excluding the prime minister.CPN (Maoist Centre) was apportioned five ministries and one state minister, whileCPN (Unified Socialist) andPeople's Socialist Party, Nepal were apportioned four ministries each, with the former also given one state minister.^[20]

NC(9 ministries)–Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers,Ministry of Home Affairs,Ministry of Defence,Ministry of Foreign Affairs,Ministry of Law, Justice and Parliamentary Affairs,Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies,Ministry of Information and Communication,Ministry of Women, Children and Senior Citizens andMinistry of Water Supply

CPN (MC)(5 ministries)–Ministry of Finance,Ministry of Energy, Water Resource and Irrigation,Ministry of Education,Ministry of Land Management, Cooperative and Poverty Allivation,Ministry of Youth and Sports

CPN (US)(4 ministries)–Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Civil Aviation,Ministry of Health and Population,Ministry of Labour, Employment and Social Security,Ministry of Urban Development

PSP-N(4 ministries)–Ministry of Physical Infrastructure and Transportation,Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock,Ministry of Forest and Environment,Ministry of Federal Affairs and General Administration

On 25 December 2022, the final day of negotiations to form a new government in the aftermath of the 2022 election, the ruling alliance which contested the election together failed to gather a consensus on who would lead the upcoming government, with both Deuba andPushpa Kamal Dahal laying claim on the position of prime minister. After all negotiations failed, Dahal broke away from the electoral alliance and approached theCPN (UML), which supported his nomination for prime minister, alongside theRastriya Swatantra Party,Rastriya Prajatantra Party,Janamat Party, PSPN and other independents.^[21] President Bhandari appointed Dahal the next prime minister the same day, and he was sworn in for a third term the day after.^[22][23]

• Fourth Deuba cabinet

• Cabinet of Nepal
• 2021 establishments in Nepal
• 2022 disestablishments in Nepal
• Cabinets established in 2021
• Cabinets disestablished in 2022
• Nepali Congress

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