| Fiat Croma | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Fiat |
| Production |
|
| Body and chassis | |
| Class |
|
| Layout | Front-engine, front-wheel-drive |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Fiat Argenta (as sedan) |
| Successor | Fiat Freemont |
TheFiat Croma name was used for two distinctlarge family cars byFiat, one a five doorliftback manufactured and marketed from 1985 to 1996, and after a nine-year hiatus, a crossoverstation wagon manufactured and marketed from 2004 to 2010.
| First generation | |
|---|---|
.jpg) 1989 Fiat Croma | |
| Overview | |
| Model code | 154 |
| Production | 1985–1996 |
| Assembly | Italy:Mirafiori,Turin |
| Designer | Giorgetto Giugiaro atItaldesign |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 5-doorliftback |
| Platform | Tipo Quattro[1] |
| Related | |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,660 mm (104.7 in) |
| Length | 4,495 mm (177.0 in) |
| Width | 1,755 mm (69.1 in) |
| Height | 1,425 mm (56.1 in) |
| Curb weight | 1,095 kg (2,414 lb) approx |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Fiat Argenta |
The original Croma (Type 154) was a five doornotchbackliftback styled byGiorgetto Giugiaro ofItaldesign using theType Four platform, cooperatively used with theSaab 9000,Lancia Thema andAlfa Romeo 164.[2]
Released in December 1985, it was marketed in thelarge family car segment, replacing theArgenta in the Fiat lineup. The Croma was the first large car produced by Fiat to feature a transverse mounted engine and front wheel drive.[3]
The Croma received a light facelift for 1988, first shown inFrankfurt in September 1987. The black plastic between the rear lamps was now ridged rather than smooth, the lower portion of the bumpers were body coloured, and the turn signals received clear glass rather than amber.[4]
The front appearance received some other light modifications to bring its appearance in line with that of the recently introducedTipo.[5]
A more significant facelift was released in January 1991, with a new front design, including changes to the lights, bumpers, grille and sheet metal changes to wings and bonnet. Also in 1991, the direct injected diesel engine was equipped with avariable geometry turbocharger ("VNT").[6] Another facelift was released in June 1993.
Production ended in December 1996, and Fiat left thelarge family car segment. TheBravo/Brava basedMareasmall family car debuted at the same time as the Croma ceased production.
The Croma was available with a variety of petrol and diesel engines, most of the petrol units coming fromFiat's Twin Cam engine family.
Base models had a single cam 1,585 cc four-cylinder engine rated at 83 hp (61 kW) and the larger 1,995 cc, "Controlled High Turbulence" (CHT) engine rated at 90 hp (66 kW), followed by two fuel injected 2.0 litre twin cam powerplants, one with 120 hp (88 kW) and the other aturbocharged and intercooled version rated at 155 hp (114 kW).
The later 2.5 L V6 petrol unit was fromAlfa Romeo, but as with the 1.6 L engine it was not available in all markets. The 2.0 CHT model was designed specifically to provide low fuel consumption under light and medium loads thanks to two separate inlet manifolds of different diameters.[7]
The Fiat Croma was the first passenger car in the world to have adirect injection Diesel (Turbo D i.d.) engine, going on sale in 1988.[5][8] The 1.9 L fitted with a turbocharger withdirect injection produces 92 hp (68 kW). It joined the 2,499 cc unit supplied byIveco, with a normally aspirated version giving 75 hp (55 kW) and a turbocharged one with 115 hp (85 kW). The latter version replaced the original 2,445 cc with 100 hp (74 kW).
Diesel engined variants of the Croma were not marketed in the United Kingdom.
Petrol[edit]
Diesel[edit]
|
| Second generation | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Model code | 194 |
| Production | 2004[9]–2010 (LHD)[10] 2005–2007[citation needed] (RHD) |
| Assembly | Italy:Cassino,Frosinone |
| Designer | Giorgetto Giugiaro atItaldesign |
| Body and chassis | |
| Body style | 5-doorwagon |
| Platform | GM Epsilon platform |
| Related | Cadillac BLS Opel Signum Opel Vectra Saab 9-3 |
| Powertrain | |
| Transmission | 5- and 6-speedmanual 6-speedautomatic |
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,700 mm (110 in) |
| Length | 4,755 mm (187.2 in) 4,783 mm (188.3 in) (facelift) |
| Width | 1,775 mm (69.9 in) |
| Height | 1,600 mm (63 in) |
| Chronology | |
| Successor | Fiat Freemont |
In March 2005, Fiat introduced the second generation Croma: a large high-roof, six passenger, crossover wagon with an upright tailgate, with styling byItaldesign.
Reflecting Fiat's short term joint venture withGeneral Motors, the new Croma, internally designated the Type 194, used an extended variant of theGM Epsilon platform sharing components with theOpel Vectra,Opel Signum andSaab 9-3. It was presented at theGeneva Motor Show in spring 2005 and went on sale in Italy in June of that year.
Aware of its lack of image in the upper market segments, Fiat opted for developing a "Comfort Wagon",[11] an automobile with design elements of bothestates andlarge MPVs, instead of developing a standardlarge family car like the previous model.
Its height of 1,600 mm (63.0 in) falls between that of theMitsubishi Grandis andFord S-Max large MPVs (1,655 mm (65.2 in) and 1,660 mm (65.4 in) respectively) andSEAT Altea XL (1,525 mm (60.0 in)). In February 2007, Fiat UK announced that the Croma would no longer be generally available in theUnited Kingdom, after less than 900 had been sold in 2005.
The car was still offered, but only on special order, withright-hand drive models manufactured to customer specifications.[clarification needed] Production of the second generation Croma ended at the end of 2010 and the car was replaced by the Dodge-basedFiat Freemont.
The Croma features sevenairbags,anti-lock braking system,electronic brakeforce distribution, and received a five starEuro NCAP crash rating for adult occupant protection:
| Test | Score | Rating |
|---|---|---|
| Adult occupant: | 34 |  |
| Child occupant: | 39 |  |
| Pedestrian: | 6 | |
The Croma received a facelift in November 2007, and was termed theNuova Croma, featuring a revised grille, headlights, rear bumper, as well as interior changes, now designated a "Station Wagon" rather than "Comfort Wagon".[12] TheNuova Croma was only sold in mainland Europe, excluding theUnited Kingdom.
The Croma was manufactured at Fiat'sCassino factory with three trim levels and five engine options. As with the chassis, petrol engines were supplied by Opel, beginning with the brand new evolution of theFamily 1Ecotec 1.8 L with 140 hp (103 kW), followed by the torquierL850Ecotec 2.2 L with 147 hp (108 kW).
Most examples featured Fiat's ownMultijet engine, available in three variants 1.9 L with 8 valves and 120 hp (88 kW), 1.9 L with 16 valves and 150 hp (110 kW), and the range topping, five-cylinder 2.4 L 20V with 200 hp (147 kW). The diesel engines were fitted with a standard six-speed manual gearbox, a six-speed automatic was also available and was standard on the 2.4 engines.
| Model | Engine | Displacement | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.8 MPI 16V | DOHC 16VI4 | 1796 cc | 140 hp (103 kW) at 6300 rpm | 175 N⋅m (129 lb⋅ft) at 3800 rpm |
| 2.2 MPI 16V | DOHC 16V I4 | 2198 cc | 147 hp (108 kW) at 5800 rpm | 203 N⋅m (150 lb⋅ft) at 4000 rpm |
| Model | Engine | Displacement | Power | Torque |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1.9 MultiJet 8V | SOHC 8VI4 | 1910 cc | 120 hp (88 kW) at 4,000 rpm | 280 N⋅m (207 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm |
| 1.9 MultiJet 16V | DOHC 16V I4 | 1910 cc | 150 hp (110 kW) at 4,000 rpm | 320 N⋅m (236 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm |
| 2.4 MultiJet 20V | DOHC 20VI5 | 2387 cc | 200 hp (147 kW) at 4,000 rpm | 400 N⋅m (295 lb⋅ft) at 2,000 rpm |
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