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Festoon

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Decoration of a wreath or garland hanging from two points

For other uses, seeFestoon (disambiguation).

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Festoon of thePanthéon, Paris, byJacques-Germain Soufflot andJean-Baptiste Rondelet, 1758–1790^[1]

Afestoon (fromFrenchfeston,Italianfestone, from aLate Latinfesto, originally a festal garland, Latinfestum, feast) is awreath orgarland hanging from two points, and in architecture typically a carved ornament depicting conventional arrangement offlowers,foliage orfruit bound together and suspended byribbons.^[2] The motif is sometimes known as aswag when depicting fabric orlinen.^[3]^[4]

In modern English the verb forms, especially "festooned with", are often used very loosely or figuratively to mean having any type of fancy decoration or covering.

Origins and design

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Its origin is probably due to the representation in stone of the garlands of natural flowers, etc., which were hung up over an entrance doorway on fête days, or suspended around an altar.^[2]^[4]

The design was largely employed both by theAncient Greeks andRomans and formed the principal decoration of altars,friezes and panels.^[4] The ends of the ribbons are sometimes formed into bows or twisted curves; when in addition a group of foliage or flowers is suspended, it is called a drop ormargent.^[2]

Themotif was later used inNeoclassical architecture and decorative arts, especiallyceramics and the work ofsilversmiths. Variations on the exact design are plentiful; for example, the ribbons can be suspended either from a decoratedknot, or held in the mouths oflions, or suspended across the tops ofbucrania as in theTemple of Vesta atTivoli.

Gallery

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Detail of anAncient Greek mosaic floor,Pergamon Museum,Berlin, Germany, unknown architect, 2nd century BC
Ancient Greek festoons with bucrania on a relief withHermes,Athena,Apollo andArtemis, 125-100 BC, marble,Archaeological Museum of Delos,Delos, Greece
Roman trompe-l'œil wall painting from a villa, with festoons andbucrania,c.50-40 BC,fresco,Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York
Highly decorated Roman sarcophagus with festoons,c.125-130 AD, marble,Louvre
Roman festoon,c.70 BC, mosaic, Casa di Nettuno e Anfitrite,Herculaneum Archaeological Park,Ercolano, Italy^[5]
Festoons on Roman cremation urns, 2nd century AD, marble,Musée d'archéologie méditerranéenne,Marseille, France
Byzantine festoon at the top of a relief ofEmpress Ariadne,c.500, ivory,National Bargello Museum,Florence, Italy^[6]
Festoon, masks and rosettes made of shells, byJan van Kessel the Elder, 17th century, color on copper,Fondation Custodia, Paris
Garland of Flowers around an Allegory of Farming, byJan Brueghel the Elder andHendrick van Balen the Elder, 1615, oil on panel,Mauritshuis,The Hague, theNetherlands
Baroque festoons on theboiserie of a room from theHôtel Colbert de Villacerf, now in theMusée Carnavalet, Paris, unknown architect, sculptor and painter,c.1650 [7]
Baroque festoon with a mascaron in theHall of Mirrors of thePalace of Versailles,Versailles, France, designed by Jules Hardouin-Mansart, 1678-1684^[8]
Rococo orLouis XVI style festoon ornament, 18th century, gilt bronze, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Louis XVI styleCupid seated on a festoon made of flowers,c.1770-1790, oil on canvas, Metropolitan Museum of Art
Louis XVI style festoons on the Table de Teschen, byJohann Christian Neuber, 1775–1800, gilt bronze,semiprecious stones, porcelain, and wood, Louvre^[9]
Louis XVI style vase decorated with festoons, design attributed toJean-Claude Chambellan Duplessis, by theSèvres porcelain factory, 1780, painted and gilded hard-paste porcelain, gilt bronze,Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, theNetherlands
Neoclassical festoons on a bed, byThomas Chippendale, 1773, carved and gilt wood,Harewood House,Harewood,West Yorkshire,England
Louis XVI flower festoons on a tapestry showingDon Quixote guided by folly, by theGobelins Manufactory, 1780–1783, wool and silk, woven on a low-warp loom,Philadelphia Museum of Art, US
Louis XVI style festoons on a ceiling in the State Dining Room,Inveraray Castle,Scotland, the UK, by Girard and Guinand, 1784^[10]
Neoclassical festoon on a vase, by the Sèvres Porcelain Factory, 1814, hard-paste porcelain with platinum background and gilt bronze mounts, Louvre^[11]
Neoclassical festoon in the Grave ofLouis Gabriel Suchet,Père-Lachaise Cemetery, Paris, designed byLouis Visconti, sculpted byPierre-Jean David andJean-Baptiste-Louis Plantar, 1826
Neoclassical festoons withEgyptian Revival elements around them, on the ceiling of room 644 of theLouvre Palace, unknown painter,c.1840
Neoclassical festoon on the ceiling of room 643 of the Louvre Palace, unknown painter,c.1840
Neoclassical festoon on the ceiling of room 642 of the Louvre Palace, unknown painter,c.1840
Neoclassical festoons on a ceiling of thePalais de la Bourse,Lyon, France, designed byAlexandre-Dominique Denuelle and sculpted byGuillaume Bonnet, 1855–1862
Neoclassical festoon on the facade of thePalais Garnier, Paris, designed byCharles Garnier, 1860–1875^[12]
Neoclassical festoon on the Grave of the Pillet family,Loyasse Cemetery, Lyon, designed byJean-Prosper Bissuel and sculpted byPierre-Toussaint Bonnaire, probably 1869
Neoclassical relief with putti and festoons on theDimitrie Sturdza House (Strada Arthur Verona no. 13–15),Bucharest,Romania, unknown architect, 1883
Festoon on a vase ofAnthony van Dyck painting his first painting, byDalou Aimé-Jules and the Sèvres Porcelain Factory,c.1888,sandstone,Petit Palais
Beaux Arts festoons on an architectural element of the Palais des Beaux-Arts, part of the1889 Paris Exposition, now in theSquare Paul-Langevin, Paris, byJules-Paul Loebnitz, 1889
Beaux Arts oak leaf festoons on the Jean Leclaire Monument,Square des Épinettes, Paris, byJean Camille Formigé, 1896
Beaux Arts festoons of thePont Alexandre III, Paris, designed byJoseph Cassien-Bernard andGaston Cousin, 1896–1900
StylizedArt Nouveau festoon on a ceiling ofCalea Dorobanților no. 50A, Bucharest, unknown architect,c.1900
Stylized Art Nouveau festoons onPlace de la Résistance no. 8,Brussels,Belgium, unknown architect or ceramist, 1900
Greek Revival festoons in theVilla Kerylos,Beaulieu-sur-Mer, France, byEmmanuel Pontremoli, 1902–1908
Art Nouveau festoons on the facade of theFerrer Building,Valencia,Spain, byVicente Ferrer Pérez, 1907-1908
Beaux Arts mascaron with festoons onRue de la Paix no. 23, Paris, unknown architect, 1908
Beaux Arts festoons above the door ofAvenue Kléber no. 47bis, Paris, unknown architect, 1908^[13]
Beaux Arts gate with festoons of Strada Vasile Conta no. 14, Bucharest, unknown architect,c.1910
Neo-Louis XVI style festoons with amedallion above a door in Strada Arthur Verona no. 15, Bucharest, unknown architect,c. 1910
Beaux Arts swags of a cartouche on the Nicolae T. Filitti/Nae Filitis House (Calea Dorobanților no. 18), byErnest Doneaud,c.1910 [14]
Art Nouveau festoons on the walls and columns of a room in theCasa Comalat,Barcelona, Spain, bySalvador Valeri i Pupurull, 1911^[15]
Rococo Revival festoon on a stained-glass window in theorangery of the Ecaterina Procopie House (Strada Bocșa no. 4), Bucharest, unknown architect or painter,c.1912 [16]
StylizedArt Deco festoons on a commode, byPaul Iribarne Garay,c.1912, mahogany and tulip wood frame, slate top, green-tinted shagreen upholstery, ebony knobs, base and garlands,Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris
American reinterpretation of festoons inspired byPre-Columbian art onThe Cliff Dwelling (Riverside Drive no. 243), New York City, designed byHerman Lee Meader, 1914–1916
Art Deco festoon on a fashion plate from a summerVogue magazine, 1919, ink on paper, multiple locations since multiple magazines were printed
Stylized Art Deco festoons in thepediment of the Mihai Zisman House (Calea Călărașilor no. 44), Bucharest, by architect Soru, 1920
Highly stylized Art Deco festoons on the Grave of the Vetter Family, Cemetery of Croix-Rousse (new),Rhône, France, designed byMichel Roux-Spitz, and sculpted byMarcel Renard andRaymond Delamarre,c.1920
Art Deco wrought iron swags on the balcony of theBanque Buurmans (Rue Royale no. 71),Brussels,Belgium, by G.J. Maugue, 1927

Citations

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^Jones 2014, p. 276.
^^a ^b ^cChisholm 1911.
^Fleming, John; Honour, Hugh; Pevsner, Nikolaus (1986) [1966].Dictionary of Architecture (3 ed.). Penguin Books Ltd. p. 114.ISBN 0-14-051013-3.
^^a ^b ^cSturgis, pp. 22-23
^Virginia, L. Campbell (2017).Ancient Room - Pocket Museum. Thames & Hudson. p. 199.ISBN 978-0-500-51959-2.
^Eastmond, Anthony (2013).The Glory of Byzantium and early Christendom. Phaidon. p. 66.ISBN 978-0-7148-4810-5.
^"LAMBRIS DU CABINET DE L'HÔTEL COLBERT DE VILLACERF".carnavalet.paris.fr. Retrieved31 August 2023.
^Martin, Henry (1927).Le Style Louis XIV (in French). Flammarion. p. 31.
^"Table de Breteuil".collections.louvre.fr. 1774. Retrieved18 November 2023.
^"Ground Floor".inveraray-castle.com. Retrieved23 April 2023.
^"PAIRE DE VASES " FUSEAU "".amisdulouvre.fr. Retrieved10 May 2023.
^Jones 2014, p. 296.
^"47 bis avenue Kléber".bercail.com. Retrieved18 September 2023.
^Marinache, Oana (2015).Ernest Donaud - visul liniei (in Romanian). Editura Istoria Artei. p. 79.ISBN 978-606-94042-8-7.
^Cuito, Aurora; Montes, Cristina (2009).Antoni Gaudí – Complete Works (in English and German). Evergreeb. p. 781.ISBN 978-3-8365-1165-0.
^"Vila matematicianului Isac Moscuna şi casa Ecaterinei Procopie Dumitrescu, scoase la licitaţie".Economica.net. 15 June 2019. Retrieved18 September 2023.

General and cited references

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Hopkins, Owen (2014).Architectural Styles: A Visual Guide. Laurence King.ISBN 978-178067-163-5.
Jones, Denna, ed. (2014).Architecture The Whole Story. Thames & Hudson.ISBN 978-0-500-29148-1.

Attribution:

This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Festoon".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 10 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 294.

External links

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Wikimedia Commons has media related toFestoons.

The dictionary definition offestoon at Wiktionary

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Acanthus Antefix Arabesque Ball flower Bead and reel Blackamoor Branchwork Bucranium Buta Cartouche Christmas Cornucopia Dentil Dog-tooth Egg-and-dart Festoon Foil Gadrooning Garden/Lawn Garland bearers Girih Green Man Grotesque Guilloché Gul Hex sign Hilarri Hood Interlace Lintel Margent Mascaron Meander Medallion Millefleur Molding Moresque Palmette Plant Bulbous Grass Peak Puer mingens Putto Rais-de-cœur Rinceau Rosette Scroll Spur Strapwork Trophy of arms Volute (Vitruvian scroll) Zellige