| Ferrari F430 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Overview | |
| Manufacturer | Ferrari |
| Also called | Ferrari 430 |
| Production | Mid 2004–July 2009 |
| Model years | 2005–2009 |
| Assembly | Italy:Maranello |
| Designer | Frank Stephenson in collaboration withPininfarina[1][2] |
| Body and chassis | |
| Class | Sports car (S) |
| Body style | 2-doorberlinetta 2-doorspider |
| Layout | Longitudinal,Rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive |
| Related | New Stratos |
| Powertrain | |
| Engine | 4.3 LFerrari F136 EV8 |
| Power output |
|
| Transmission |
|
| Dimensions | |
| Wheelbase | 2,601 mm (102.4 in) |
| Length | 4,511 mm (177.6 in) |
| Width | 1,923 mm (75.7 in) |
| Height |
|
| Curb weight | 1,517 kg (3,344 lb)[3] 1,569 kg (3,460 lb) (Spider)[4] |
| Chronology | |
| Predecessor | Ferrari 360 |
| Successor | Ferrari 458 |
TheFerrari F430 (Type F131) is asports car produced by the Italian automobile manufacturerFerrari from 2004 until 2009 as a successor to theFerrari 360. The car is an update to the 360 with exterior and performance changes. It was unveiled at the2004 Paris Motor Show.[7] The F430 was succeeded by the458 which was unveiled on 28 July 2009.[8] An estimated 16,750 F430s were produced between 2005 and 2009.[9]
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Designed by Pininfarina in collaboration withFrank Stephenson (Director of Ferrari-Maserati Concept Design and Development), the body styling of the F430 was revised from its predecessor, the 360, to improve its aerodynamic efficiency. Although the drag coefficient remained the same, the downforce was greatly enhanced. Despite sharing the same basicAlcoa Aluminium chassis, roofline, doors, and glass, the car looked significantly different from the 360. A great extent of Ferrari heritage was included in the exterior design. At the rear, theEnzo's tail lights and engine cover vents were added. The car's name was etched on theTestarossa-styled driver's side mirror. The large oval openings in the front bumper are reminiscent of Ferrari racing models from the 60s, specifically the156 "shark nose"Formula One car.
The F430 features a 4,308 cc (4.3 L)V8 engine of the"Ferrari-Maserati" F136 family. This new power plant was a significant change for Ferrari, as all previous Ferrari V8's were descendants of theDino racing program of the 1950s. This fifty-year development cycle came to an end with the entirely new engine used in the F430, the architecture of which replaced the Dino-derivedV12 in most other Ferrari cars. The engine's output specifications are: 490 PS (360 kW; 483 hp),[10] at 8,500 rpm and 465 N⋅m (343 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,250 rpm, 80% of which is available below 3,500 rpm. Despite a 20% increase in displacement, engine weight grew by only 4 kg (8.8 lb) along with a decrease in diameter for easier packaging. The connecting rods, pistons and crankshaft were all entirely new, while the4-valve cylinder head, valves and intake trumpets were directly retained from Formula 1 engines, for ideal volumetric efficiency. The F430 has a top speed in excess of 315 km/h (196 mph)[2] and can accelerate from 0 to 97 km/h (60 mph) in 3.6 seconds, 0.6 seconds quicker than the old model.[11]
The brakes on the F430 were developed in close cooperation withBrembo andBosch,[12] resulting in a new cast-iron alloy for the discs. The new alloy includesmolybdenum which has a better heat dissipation performance. The F430 was also available with the optionalCarbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide (C/SiC)ceramic composite brake package. Ferrari claimed the carbon ceramic brakes will not fade even after 300-360 laps at their test track.
The F430 featured theE-Diff, a computer-controlledlimited slipactive differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration.[7][13]
Other notable features include the first application of Ferrari'smanettino steering wheel-mounted control knob.[7] Drivers can select from five different settings which modify the vehicle'sESC system, "Skyhook" electronic suspension, transmission behavior, throttle response, and E-Diff. The feature is similar toLand Rover's "Terrain Response" system.[citation needed]
The F1 automated manual transmission was built byGraziano Trasmissioni.
The Ferrari F430 was available with exclusiveGoodyear Eagle F1 GSD3 EMT tires, which have a V-shaped tread design, run-flat capability, and OneTRED technology.[14]
In the US, the company requested an exemption from the airbag design requirements, which was eventually granted, allowing the car to continue to be sold in the US.[15]
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TheF430 Spider is the convertible version of the F430. It was unveiled at the2005 Geneva Motor Show, making it Ferrari's 21st road-going convertible.The car was designed byPininfarina with aerodynamic simulation programs used for Formula 1 cars.[16]The conversion from a closed top to an open-air convertible is a two-stage folding-action; the roof panel automatically folds away inside a space above the engine bay. The interior and performance of the Spider are identical to that of the coupé with an increase in the weight and decrease in the top speed by 5 km/h (3 mph).
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Serving as the successor to the360 Challenge Stradale, the 430 Scuderia (scuderia meaning "stable", but also used in the context of motor racing teams, includingFerrari's own) was unveiled byMichael Schumacher at the 2007Frankfurt Auto Show. Aimed to compete with cars like thePorsche 911 GT2 and theLamborghini Gallardo Superleggera (superleggera meaning super light weight), it is lighter (by 100 kg (220 lb)) and more powerful (510 PS (375 kW; 503 hp) at 8,500 rpm and 471 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,250 rpm) than the standard F430. Increased power comes from a revised intake, exhaust, and an ion-sensing knock-detection system that allows for a higher compression ratio in the engine.[17] Thus the weight-to-power ratio is reduced from 2.96 kg/hp to 2.5 kg/hp.In addition to the weight saving measures, the Scuderia's single-clutchautomated manual gained improved "Superfast" software, known as "Superfast2", for faster 60 millisecond shift times. A new traction control system combined the F1-Trac traction from the599 GTB and stability control with the E-Diff electronic differential. The Ferrari 430 Scuderia accelerates from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.1 seconds[18] with a top speed of 319 km/h (198 mph).[19]
To commemorate Ferrari's 16th victory in theFormula 1 Constructor's World Championship in 2008, Ferrari unveiled the Scuderia Spider 16M at World Finals inMugello. It is a convertible version of the 430 Scuderia.
The engine is rated at 510 PS (375 kW; 503 hp) at 8,500 rpm and 471 N⋅m (347 lb⋅ft) of torque at 5,250 rpm. The car has a dry weight of 1,340 kg (2,954 lb) (80 kg (176 lb) lighter than the F430 Spider) and a kerb weight of 1,440 kg (3,175 lb). The chassis was stiffened to cope with the extra performance available and the car featured manycarbon fibre parts and weight saving measures as standard such as lightened front and rear bumpers. Unique 5-spoke forged wheels were specifically produced for the 16M and helped to considerably reduce unsprung weight with larger front brakes and calipers added for extra stopping power (also featured on 430 Scuderia). It accelerates from 0-60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.4 seconds, with a top speed of 315 km/h (196 mph).[20]
499 cars were produced beginning early 2009 and all were pre-sold to select clients.[21]
A version of the F430 Spider that runs onethanol, called the F430 Spider Bio Fuel, was on display at the2008 Detroit Auto Show.[22] It had the same 4.3 litre V8 engine as the standard car, producing 500 hp (373 kW), with a 4% increase intorque and with 5% lesscarbon dioxide emissions than the standard F430 Spider.[22]
The F430-based Ferrari SP1 (Special Project Number 1), was the first one-off special produced by the Ferrari Portfolio Coachbuilding Programme, also known as the Special Projects Programme (SP). The body was designed by former Pininfarina designerLeonardo Fioravanti, at the behest of Junichiro Hiramatsu, a Japanese businessman who was the former president of the Ferrari Club of Japan and an avid collector; he had admired Fioravanti's 1998 F100 prototype.[23]
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The F430 Challenge is the track version of the F430, designed for theFerrari Challenge. The engine remained untouched but the vehicle's weight was reduced and the transmission and suspension were changed. The production model was unveiled at theLos Angeles Auto Show in January 2005.
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Built since 2006 byFerrari Corse Clienti department in collaboration withMichelotto [it;fr], the F430 GTC is a racing car designed to compete ininternational GT2 class competition, such as in theAmerican Le Mans Series,Le Mans Series, andFIA GT Championship. F430 GTCs also compete at the24 Hours of Le Mans. The GTC was the fastest and most developed racing version of the F430.
In FIA GT2 championship, in order to render the car performances more uniform, the cars are forced to run with a specific minimum weight and with an engine restrictor that depends on the engine displacement.[24] Hence Ferrari destroked the 4.3 L V8 engine to 4.0 L in order to compete in the 3.8–4.0 L class in GT2 class racing, which is allowed to race with a minimum weight of 1,100 kg (2,425 lb).[24] In this race configuration, the engine produces somewhat less power, at 327 kW (445 PS; 439 hp). If they were to use the 4.3-litre engine, the minimum weight of the F430 would increase by 50 kg (110 lb),[24] and the 4.0-litre engine thus yields a betterpower-to-weight ratio.
The F430 GTCs won their class championships in the ALMS and FIA GT, as well as scoring class wins at the2007,[25]2009 and2010 12 Hours of Sebring, at the2008 and2009 24 Hours of Le Mans, at the2006,2008, and2009 24 Hours of Spa and at the2008 and2009 Petit Le Mans.
Originally based on the F430 Challenge, the F430 GT3 is a specialised racing car developed in 2006 byJMB Racing for theFIA GT3 European Championship and other national GT championships such asBritish GT andFFSA GT. It is mechanically similar to the F430 Challenge but has better-developed aerodynamics and more power.
The car uses the same 4.3 LV8 engine, tuned to produce 410 kW; 558 PS (550 hp), making the GT3 more powerful than its GT2 counterpart. However, due to the GT3 regulations stating that the car must have a power-to-weight ratio of around 2.6 kg/hp, the car weighs 1,219 kg (2,687 lb) in race trim (driver and fuel excluded),[26] which is roughly 119 kg (262 lb) more than the GT2 spec car. Despite the higher power, it is significantly slower than the GT2 version; for example, in the 2007Spa 24 Hours endurance race, in which both models were entered, the GT3 spec vehicles' best qualification time was around 8 seconds slower per lap than that set by the GT2 spec vehicle.
Developed byKessel Racing for the2009 season, the 430 GT3 Scuderia is the successor of the previous F430 GT3.[citation needed]
*Asian Le Mans Series, not to be confused with American Le Mans Series.
In February 2009, Ferrari recalled about 2,000 (2005–2007) F430 Spiders in the U.S., due to the risk that heat from the engine could cause the convertible top's hydraulic hoses to fracture and leak flammable fluid onto the engine, resulting in a fire.[27]
