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Federation of Malaya

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Country in Southeast Asia (1948–1963)

This article is about a country that existed solely onPeninsular Malaysia from 1948 to 1963. For the modern-day country of Malaysia which includesSarawak andSabah, seeMalaysia.

Federation of Malaya

Persekutuan Tanah Melayu (Malay)

1948–1963

Flag
(1950–1963)

Coat of arms
(1952–1963)

Motto: "Bersekutu Bertambah Mutu"
"برسکوتو برتمبه موتو " (Jawi)

Anthem: God Save the King / Queen
(1948–1957)

Negaraku
("My Country")
(from 1957)

Location of the Federation of Malaya (dark blue)

Status

Protected state of theUnited Kingdom (1948–1957)
Sovereign state (1957–1963)

Capital

Kuala Lumpur
3°8′N101°41′E / 3.133°N 101.683°E /3.133; 101.683

Official languages

Malay

Recognised languages

Government

Federation as Britishprotectorate (1948–1957)
Federal parliamentary elective constitutional monarchy (1957–1963)

Monarch

• 1948–1952

• 1952–1957

• 1957–1960

• 1960

• 1960–1963

• 1948

• 1948–1951

• 1952–1954

• 1954–1957

Head of government

• 1955–1957

Tunku Abdul Rahman
(asChief Minister)

• 1957–1963

Tunku Abdul Rahman
(asPrime Minister)

Legislature

Federal Legislative Council
(1948–1959)
Parliament
(since 1959)

• Upper house

Dewan Negara (Senate)
(since 1959)

• Lower house

Dewan Rakyat (House of Representatives)
(since 1959)

History

• Established

1 February 1948^[1]

• Independence

31 August 1957

• Malaysia Agreement

16 September 1963

Area

• Total

131,952 km² (50,947 sq mi)

Population

• 1951 census

5,517,222

Currency

Malayan dollar (1948–1953)
Malaya and British Borneo dollar (1953–1967)

Time zone

UTC+7:30 (Malaya Standard Time)

Preceded by

Succeeded by

	Malayan Union
	Crown Colony of Malacca
	Crown Colony of Penang

Malaysia

Today part of

Malaysia

Part ofa series on the

History ofMalaysia

Les isles de la Sonde, entre lesquelles sont Sumatra, Iava, Borneo, &c / par le Sr. Sanson d'Abbeville geographe du roy ; A. Peyrounin sculp

Prehistoric period

Paleolithic
Lenggong Valley	c. 2,000,0000 BCE
Mesolithic
Niah cultures	65,000–40,000 BCE
Neolithic
Bewah man/woman	16,000 BCE
Perak man/woman	11,000–200 BCE
Neolithic Klang	500 – 200 BCE

Early kingdoms

Ancient Kedah	<100 BCE
Chi Tu	100 BCE–642 CE
Langkasuka	100 BCE–1474 CE
Gangga Negara	c. 100 CE–1025
Pan Pan	424–775
Old Kedah	170–1135
Old Pahang	449–1454
Srivijaya	700s–1025
Majapahit	1300s

Rise of Muslim states

Kedah Sultanate	1136–present
Samudera Pasai Sultanate	1267–1521
Brunei Sultanate	1368–present
Malacca Sultanate	1402–1511
Sulu Sultanate	1450–1899
Pahang Sultanate	1470–1623
Aceh Sultanate	1496–1903
Pattani Sultanate	1516– 1902
Johor Sultanate	1528–present
Perak Sultanate	1528–present
Sarawak Sultanate	1599–1641
Selangor Sultanate	1766–present
Besut Kingdom	1780–1899
Setul Kingdom	1808–1916
Reman Kingdom	1810–1902
Kubang Pasu Kingdom	1839–1864

Colonial period

Portuguese Malacca	1511–1641
Malay-Acehnese conflicts	1528–1629
Dutch–Portuguese War	1601–1661
Acehnese invasion of Johor	1613
Acehnese conquest of Perak	1620
Dutch Malacca	1641–1824
Pahang Kingdom	1770–1881
Straits Settlements	1786–1946
Siamese invasion of Kedah	1821–1826
Anglo-Dutch Treaty	1824
Burney Treaty	1826
Naning War	1831–1832
Kingdom of Sarawak	1841–1946
Separation of Perlis from Kedah	1843
Crown Colony of Labuan	1848–1946
Pahang Civil War	1857–1863
Larut Wars	1861–1874
Klang War	1867–1874
Pangkor Treaty	1874
Perak War	1875–1876
British Malaya /Borneo	1874–1946
Jementah Civil War	1879
North Borneo	1882–1946
Pahang Uprising	1891–1895
Mat Salleh Rebellion	1894–1905
Federated Malay States	1895–1946
Anglo-Siamese Treaty	1909
Unfederated Malay States	1909–1946
Battle of Penang	1914
Kelantan rebellion	1915

World War II

Japanese occupation of Malaya / Borneo	1941–1945
Malayan campaign	1941–1942
Bornean Campaign	1941–1942
Battle of Muar	1942
Parit Sulong Massacre	1942
Battle of Singapore	1942
Sook Ching	1942
Syburi	1942
Sandakan Death Marches	1942–1945
Si Rat Malai	1943–1945
Jesselton revolt	1943–1944

Formative period

BMA of Malaya/Borneo	1945–1946
Crown Colony of N. Borneo/Sarawak	1946–1963
Anti-cession movement	1946–1963
Malayan Union	1946–1948
Federation of Malaya	1948–1963
Malayan Emergency	1948–1960
Baling Talks	1955

Independence period

Malayan Independence	1957
Singapore self-governance	1959
ISA 1960	1960–2012
Sarawak Insurgency	1962–1990
North Borneo self-governance	1963
Konfrontasi	1963–1966
Sarawak self-governance	1963
Formation of Malaysia	1963
Singapore in Malaysia	1963–1965
ASEAN Declaration	1967
Second communist insurgency	1968–1989

Modern period

1966 Sarawak constitutional crisis	1965–1966
13 May incident	1969
National Operations Council	1969–1971
Declaration of Rukun Negara	1970
New Economic Policy	1971–1990
Federal Territory of KL	1974
1977 Kelantan Emergency	1977
Pedra Branca dispute	1979–2008
South China Sea dispute(Spratly)	1980–present
Dawn Raid	1981
Federal Territory of Labuan	1984
Memali incident	1985
Sabah Emergency	1986
Ming Court Affair	1987
Operation Lalang	1987
Constitutional crisis	1987–1988
Peace Agreement of Hat Yai	1989
Royal Immunity Amendments	1993
Asian financial crisis	1997–1998
Reformasi Movement	1998–2022
Federal Territory of Putrajaya	2001
2008 Malaysian Opposition Wave	2008
2009 Perak constitutional crisis	2009
H1N1 flu pandemic	2009–2010
Lahad Datu standoff	2013
Sedition Dragnet	2014
1MDB scandal	2015–present
Pakatan Harapan takeover	2018
COVID-19 pandemic	2020–2022
Political crisis	2020–2022
Bornean Amendment	2021–2023
Green Wave	2022–present
2023 Sabah political crisis	2023

Incidents

Brunei revolt	1962–1966
North Borneo dispute (Philippine militant attacks)	1962–present
Singapore race riots	1964
Brunei's Limbang claim	1967–2009
Penang Hartal riot	1967
Ligitan and Sipadan dispute	1969–2002
Kuala Lumpur flash floods	1971
Malaysian haze crisis	1972–present
AIA building hostage crisis	1975
National Monument bombing	1975
Campbell Shopping Complex fire	1976
Sabah Air GAF Nomad crash	1976
Japan Airlines Flight 715 incident	1977
MH653 incident	1977
1982 Bukit Merah radioactive pollution	1982
1985 Lahad Datu ambush	1985
Memali Incident	1985
Penang terminal bridge collapse	1988
Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah madrasa fire	1989
Kuala Lumpur–Karak Highway crash	1990
Bright Sparklers disaster	1991
Highland Towers collapse	1993
Genting landslide	1995
MH2133 incident	1995
Pos Dipang mudflow	1996
Tropical Storm Greg	1996
Nipah virus outbreak	1998–1999
2000 Sipadan kidnappings	2000
Al-Ma'unah incident	2000
Sauk Siege	2000
2001 Kampung Medan riots	2001
2002 Taman Hillview landslide	2002
Indian Ocean tsunami	2004
2006–2007 Southeast Asian floods	2006–2007
Bukit Antarabangsa landslide	2008
Attacks against places of worship	2010
2010 Cameron Highlands bus crash	2010
Hulu Langat landslide	2011
2013 Genting Highlands bus crash	2013
MH370 incident	2014
MH17 incident	2014
2014–15 Malaysia floods	2014–2015
Sabah earthquake	2015
2015 Plaza Low Yat riot	2015
Movida Bar grenade attack	2016
Kim Jong-nam's Assassination	2017
Darul Quran madrasa fire	2017
2018 Subang Temple riot	2018
2019 Kim Kim River toxic pollution	2019
2020-21 Malaysia floods	2021
LRT train collision	2021
2021-22 Malaysia floods	2021–2022
2022 Batang Kali landslide	2022
2023 Elmina plane crash	2023
2024 Lumut helicopters crash	2024
2024 Ulu Tiram police station attack	2024
2025 Putra Heights pipeline fire	2025
2025 Gerik bus crash	2025

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Early Malay nationalism
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Federation of Malaya
Sungai Siput incident
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Briggs Plan
Member System
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Baling Talks
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Malaysia portal

Malaya,^[a] officially theFederation of Malaya,^[b] was acountry inSoutheast Asia from 1948 to 1963. It succeeded theMalayan Union and, before that,British Malaya. It comprised eleven states – nineMalay states and two of theStraits Settlements,Penang andMalacca. It was established on 1 February 1948.^[2]

Initially aself-governing colony of theUnited Kingdom, Malaya becamefully sovereign on 31 August 1957,^[3] and on 16 September 1963, Malaya was superseded byMalaysia when it united withSingapore,North Borneo (Sabah) andSarawak.^[4]Singapore was expelled on 9 August 1965, leaving the original states of Malaya along withSarawak andSabah – now collectively known asEast Malaysia – to form modern-day Malaysia, while the former Federation of Malaya is now referred to asPeninsular Malaysia or West Malaysia.

History

[edit]

From 1946 to 1948, the eleven states formed a single Britishcrown colony known as theMalayan Union.^[5] Due to opposition fromMalay nationalists, the Union was disbanded and replaced by the Federation of Malaya, which restored the symbolic positions of the rulers of the Malay states and introduced greater restrictions on the attainment of citizenship status.^[6]

Within the Federation, while the Malay states wereprotectorates of the United Kingdom, Penang and Malacca remained British colonial territories. Like the Malayan Union before it, the Federation did not include Singapore, despite its traditional connections withMalaya.

The Malaya Agreement was formulated by the British–Malay Pleno Conference between June and December 1946. At the end of the meeting, the Pleno Conference produced a 100-page "Blue Book."^[7] It was signed on 21 January 1948 atKing House by the Malay rulers, and by SirEdward Gent as the representative of the British government.^[8] The Agreement superseded the Agreement creating the Malayan Union, and prepared for the establishment of the Federation of Malaya on 1 February 1948. The position of the Malay rulers was also restored.

The Federationbecame independent from British colonial rule and became an independent member of theCommonwealth of Nations on 31 August 1957.^[2]^[9] In 1963, the Federation was reconstituted as "Malaysia" when it federated with the British territories ofSingapore,Sarawak, andNorth Borneo; a claim to the latter territory was maintained by thePhilippines.^[10]^[11] Singapore separated from Malaysia to become anindependent republic on 9 August 1965.^[12]

List of member states

[edit]

System of government

[edit]

Prior to its independence, the government of the Federation of Malaya was headed by aBritish high commissioner with executive powers, assisted and advised by theFederation of Malaya Executive Council and theFederation of Malaya Legislative Council.

The Federation of Malaya Executive Council comprised 7 official and 7 unofficial members.
The Federation of Malaya Legislative Council comprised the high commissioner as the council president, 14 official and 50 unofficial members representing the Straits Settlements, business groups and all races. Additionally, 9 State CouncilYang Di Pertua (heads of state),chief ministers and 2 representatives from theStraits Settlements became unofficial members.
TheMalay Conference of Rulers would advise the high commissioner on immigration issues. The British Resident was replaced with a chief minister in each state of the federation.

Conditions of citizenship

[edit]

The conditions of citizenship of the Federation of Malaya were further tightened using law enforcement and naturalisation by application. Under the laws, the following were automatically granted citizenship:

Citizens of the Sultan of any state
British subjects born in Penang or Malacca who have lived continuously for 15 years in the federation
British subjects born in the federation whose fathers were born or lived continuously for 15 years in the federation
Anyone born in the federation, conversant in the Malay language and following Malay traditions in his or her daily life
Anyone born in the federation whose parents were born and lived continuously for 15 years in the federation

Via naturalisation (by application), one could achieve citizenship, given these criteria:

Born and lived for at least 8 of 12 years in the Federation of Malaya before the application was made
Lived in the Federation of Malaya for at least 15 of 20 years before the application was made

In both cases (via naturalisation), applications must be well-behaved, swear allegiance and clarify their reasons for living in the federation, and are fluent in either the Malay or the English language.

The Federation of Malaya, through its constitution, guarantees the rights and special position of the Malay people as well as rights, powers and sovereignty of the Malay rulers in their respective states.^[14]

Separation of powers of the federal and state governments

[edit]

The federation agreement (Perjanjian Persekutuan) set the powers of the federal and state governments. Financial matters must be handled by the respective states. The Sultan was given full power on religious issues and Malay customs. Foreign policy and defence continued to be administered by the British government. The federation agreement was made the Constitution of the Federation of Malaya and officially declared on 1 February 1948.^[7]

Federation of Malaya Legislative Council

[edit]

Dato'Onn bin Jaafar Mentri Besar of Johor, and President of theUnited Malays National Organisation, unpacking the State and Federation of Malaya Agreements with Dr. W. Linehan, C.M.G. Adviser on Constitutional Affairs, for the signatures of His Highness the Sultan of Johor, 1948

TheFederation of Malaya Legislative Council held its first meeting in the Tuanku Abdul Rahman Hall,Kuala Lumpur in 1948. It was opened by theBritish high commissioner SirEdward Gent. Attendees included the Britishminister of state for colonial affairs,Lord Listowel. The membership of the council was structured to include:

the British high commissioner (as president);
3ex officio members (namely the chief secretary, the financial secretary, and the attorney general);
11 "State and Settlement Members" (the president of the Council of State of each Malay state, and a member elected by each of the settlement councils)
11 official members; and
34 appointed "unofficial" members.

The unofficial members were required to be either Federation citizens orBritish subjects.

In 1948 the ethnic composition of the council was made up as follows:

28 Malay representatives, including all thechief ministers,
14 Chinese representatives,
6 Indian representatives, and
14 Europeans (theex officio and official members).

Dato'Onn Jaafar stressed at the first meeting that the citizens of the Federation of Malaya did not want the interference of external powers in the affairs of the Federation; the Chinese representative Ong Chong Keng asserted that the Chinese people would be loyal to the Federation of Malaya. At this first council meeting, several minor committees were formed:

the Standing Committee on Finance;
the Election Committee; and
the Committee of Privileges.

The first session passed the Kuala Lumpur City Bill, the Transfer of Power Bill, and the Loan and Debt Bill.^[15]

Registration of PKMM rejected

[edit]

In 1950, the Federation of Malaya Government rejected the registration of the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya (Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya, PKMM) as a legitimate political party. PKMM had two wings, namely Angkatan Pemuda Insaf andAngkatan Wanita Sedar. Initially, PKMM did not have communist leanings. AfterMokhtaruddin Lasso was elected as the first PKMM president in October 1946, this party was influenced with communism. The Young Malays Union (Kesatuan Melayu Muda, KMM) merged with PKMM, andBurhanuddin al-Helmy became the second PKMM president. Burhanuddin led PKMM toward the formation ofMelayu Raya, a merger ofIndonesia andMalaya. In December 1947, Ishak Haji Mohamed became the third PKMM president and PKMM switched from communism to nationalism. PKMM tended againstUnited Malays National Organisation (UMNO) and colonisation. PKKM established thePusat Tenaga Rakyat (PUTERA), a conglomeration of radical Malay Political Parties and then merged with theAll-Malaya Council of Joint Action (AMCJA) which thoroughly opposed the 1948 Federation Agreement for the foundation of the Federation of Malaya. PKMM accused officials selected in the Federation of Malaya of being "puppets" of the "Colonial Office". For PKMM, there was no basis in "preparing Malaya as a democratic government".^[16]

Judiciary

[edit]

The judicial system was a typical hierarchical structure consisting of lower courts, a High Court and a Court of Appeal. Successive chief justices were SirStafford Foster-Sutton (1950–1951) (afterwardsChief Justice of Nigeria, 1955), SirCharles Mathew (1951–1956) and SirJames Beveridge Thomson (1957–1963).

Demographics

[edit]

Federation of Malaya Population^[17]
Ethnic Group	1948	1951
Malay	2,457,014	2,631,154
Chinese	1,928,965	2,243,971
Indian	536,646	566,371
Other	64,802	75,726
Total	4,987,427	5,517,222

Evolution of Malaysia

[edit]

Notes

[edit]

^Malay:Tanah Melayu
^Malay:Persekutuan Tanah Melayu;Jawi:ڤرسكوتوان تانه ملايو

References

[edit]

^"Federation of Malaya is inaugurated - Singapore History".eresources.nlb.gov.sg.Archived from the original on 8 October 2015. Retrieved21 August 2015.
^^a ^bSee: Cabinet Memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies. 21 February 1956Federation of Malaya Agreement
^The UK Statute Law Database:Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 (c. 60)^{[permanent dead link]}
^"No.10760: Agreement relating to Malaysia"(PDF).United Nations Treaty Collection. United Nations. July 1963. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 14 May 2011. Retrieved29 July 2010.
^Burgess, Michael; Pinder, John (2007).Multinational Federations. Routledge.ISBN 9781134120864.Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved21 August 2015.
^Lapping, Brian (1985).End of empire. Internet Archive. New York : St. Martin's Press.ISBN 978-0-312-25071-3.
^^a ^b"Constitution Of The Federation Of Malaya Announced". National Archives of Malaysia. 23 December 1946. Archived fromthe original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved13 September 2019.
^Hale, Christopher (2013).Massacre in Malaya: Exposing Britain's My Lai. History Press.ISBN 9780750951814.Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved21 August 2015.
^"1957: Malaya celebrates independence".BBC News. Retrieved9 August 2016.
^"United Nations Treaty No. 8029, Manila Accord between Philippines, Federation of Malaya and Indonesia (31 July 1963)"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved23 July 2013.
^"Exchange of notes constituting an agreement relating to the implementation of the Manila Accord of 31 July 1963"(PDF).Archived(PDF) from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved23 July 2013.
^See: theIndependence of Singapore Agreement 1965 and theProclamation of Singapore.
^^a ^bSee: The UK Statute Law Database: Formation of theMalay States and of theSettlements of Penang and Malacca Archived 16 January 2014 at theWayback Machine into a new independent Federation of States underFederation of Malaya Constitution
^"Formation of The Federation of Malaya". National Archives of Malaysia. 1 February 1948. Archived fromthe original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved13 September 2019.
^"Inaugural Conference of The Federation of Malaya Legislative Council". National Archives of Malaysia. 24 February 1948. Archived fromthe original on 13 September 2019. Retrieved13 September 2019.
^Rejection of the registration of the Malay Nationalist Party of Malaya^{[permanent dead link]}
^Annual Report on the Federation of Malaya: 1951 in C.C. Chin and Karl Hack,Dialogues with Chin Peng pp. 380, 81.

External links

[edit]

EnglishWikisource has original text related to this article:

Federation of Malaya Agreement

EnglishWikisource has original text related to this article:

Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957

Colonial administration records (migrated archives): Malaya atThe National Archives (Pg. 52)
The UK Statute Law Database:Federation of Malaya Independence Act 1957 (c. 60)^{[permanent dead link]}
United Nations Treaty Collection:No.10760: Agreement relating to Malaysia
FEDERATION OF MALAYA AGREEMENT OF 5 AUGUST 1957
Media related toFederation of Malaya at Wikimedia Commons

v t e Federation of Malaya
States of theFederation of Malaya
British Malayan states	Johor Kedah Kelantan Negeri Sembilan Pahang Perak Perlis Selangor Terengganu
Straits Settlements	Malacca Penang
Commons Wikisource Category Portal

Articles related to Federation of Malaya

v t e Protectorates andCrown colonies ofBritish Malaya andBorneo
Malaya	Straits Settlements(1826–1946) Unfederated Malay States(1885–1946) Federated Malay States(1895–1946) Malayan Union(1946–1948) Crown Colony of Malacca(1946–1957) Crown Colony of Penang(1946–1957) Colony of Singapore(1946–1963) Federation of Malaya(1948–1957)
Borneo	Raj of Sarawak(1841–1946) Crown Colony of Labuan(1848–1946) North Borneo(1882–1946) Brunei(1888–1984) Crown Colony of Sarawak(1946–1963) Crown Colony of North Borneo(1946–1963)

v t e Protests in Malaysia
Kuala Lumpur	1946–47 anti-Malayan Union protests 1947 All-Malaya Hartal 1967 Keranda 152 rally 1969 Malaysian students pre-election demonstrations 13 May 1969 riots 1969 PMUM Anti-Tunku demonstrations 1970 PMUM vs PBMUM Papan Tanda demonstrations 1971 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1983 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1988 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1993 Malaysian constitutional crisis 1998–2000s Reformasi demonstrations 2001 Kampung Medan riots 2007 BERSIH 1.0 rally 2007 HINDRAF rally 2008 Black 14 rally 2008 Malaysian fuel hike protests 2009 Keranda 152 rally 2009 anti-ISA rally 2009 anti-Menteri Besar Terengganu rally 2010 Water for People rally 2011 anti-Peaceful Assembly Act rally 2011 BERSIH 2.0 rally Occupy Dataran 2012 Free Anwar 901 rally 2012 BERSIH 3.0 rally 2012 anti-Lynas rally 2013 anti-Jamalul Kiram III infiltration protests 2013 KL 112, People’s Uprising rally 2013 Blackout 505 rallies 2013 Ops Turun, anti-price hike rally 2014 Red Pencil protest 2014 May Day anti-GST rally 2015 Rakyat Hakim Negara rally 2015 Kita Lawan, May Day anti-GST rally 2015 #TangkapNajib rally 2015 Low Yat Plaza riot 2015 BERSIH 4.0 rally 2015 United People's rally 2015 Shutdown Sungai Besi rally 2016 anti-TPPA rally 2016 Keranda 152 rally 2016 Muafakat Selamatkan Malaysia rally 2016 Hancur GST, Undur Najib, Undur Rosmah, Bebas Anwar, Hidup Rakyat rally 2016 BERSIH 5.0 rally 2018 anti-ICERD rally September 2019 climate strikes 2021 Lawan protests 2025 Oust Anwar rally
Perak	2009 Perak constitutional crisis 2009 1BLACKMalaysia protests
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Sabah	1986 Sabah riots
Other	1963 anti-Indonesia infiltration demonstrations 1964 race riots in Singapore 1967 Teluk Gong demonstrations 1974 Baling demonstrations 1974 Tasek Utara, Johor demonstrations 1977 Kelantan riots 1985 Memali riots 1993 Sultan of Kelantan demonstrations 1998 Kampung Rawa riots 2007 Terengganu riot 2009 cow's head protests 2009 anti-PPSMI rally 2011 Gathering of a Million Faithful 2012 Orange rally 2012 Green Rally to Putrajaya 2012 People's Lands rally 2015 Taman Medan anti-cross protest 2015 Penang villagers protests 2018 Seafield temple riots
Student activism in Malaysia The Big Durian (2003 film) Sepuluh Tahun Sebelum Merdeka (2007 film) Malaysian Gods (2009 film) Tanda Putera (2013 film)

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*Antigua 1632–1860
*Antigua and Barbuda 1860–1981
^†*Bahamas 1670–1973
^†Barbados 1624–1966
Bay Islands 1643–1860
^†*Belize 1871–1981
Bermuda since 1619
British Arctic Territories 16th c.–1880
British Columbia 1858–1866
- 1866–1871
Cape Breton Island 1754–1820
^†Dominica 1763–1978
East Florida 1763–1783
^†*Grenada 1762–1974
^†*Canada
- Lower 1791–1841
- Upper 1791–1841
- Province 1841–1867
- Dominion 1867–1931
Carolina 1663–1712
Cayman Islands since 1670
Columbia District/Oregon Country 1818–1846
Connecticut 1636–1776
Delaware 1701–1776
East Jersey 1674–1702
Georgia 1733–1776
^†*Jamaica 1655–1962
Leeward Islands 1671–1816, 1833–1960
Massachusetts Bay 1629–1691
- Province, 1691–1776
Maryland 1632–1776
Montserrat since 1632
Mosquito Coast 1655–1860
Nevis 1628–1983
New Albion 1579
New Brunswick 1784–1867
New England 1686–1689
New Hampshire 1680–1776
New Haven 1637–1662
New Jersey 1665–1674 and 1702–1776
New York 1664–1776
Newfoundland 1907–1949
Newfoundland and Labrador 1583–1907
North Carolina 1712–1776
North-Western Territory 1859–1870
Nova Scotia 1713–1867
Paulet affair 1843
Prince Edward Island 1763–1873
Pennsylvania 1681–1776
Plymouth 1620–1691
Quebec 1763–1791*Queen Charlotte Islands 1853–1863
Rhode Island 1636–1776
Rupert's Land 1670–1870
Saint Croix 1625–1650
Saint Kitts 1623–1983
^†*Saint Kitts and Nevis 1882–1983
^†*Saint Lucia 1605–1979
^†*Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 1627–1979
Saybrook 1635–1644
South Carolina 1712–1776
Stickeen 1862–1863
^†Trinidad and Tobago 1889–1962
Turks and Caicos Islands since 1799
Vancouver Island 1849–1866
Virgin Islands since 1666
Virginia 1607–1776
West Florida 1763–1783
West Indies Federation 1958–1962
- Associated States 1967–1983
West Jersey 1674–1702
Windward Islands 1833–1960

South America
Providence Island 1631–1641 Willoughbyland 1651–1667 Saint Andrew and Providence Islands⁴ 1670–1688 ^†Guiana 1831–1966
⁴Now adepartment ofColombia

Oceania

New South Wales 1788–1901
Van Diemen's Land/Tasmania 1803–1901
Auckland Islands²⁰ 1807–1863
New Hebrides²¹ 1824–1980
Queensland 1824–1901
Swan River/Western Australia 1829–1901
South Australia 1836–1901
Pitcairn Islands since 1838
New Zealand 1841–1907
North Australia 1846–1847
Victoria 1851–1901
^†Fiji 1874–1970
Western Pacific Territories 1877–1976
Papua 1884–1902
Rarotonga/Cook Islands²⁰ 1888–1901
Union Islands²⁰ 1889–1948
Gilbert and Ellice Islands²² 1892–1979
^†*Solomon Islands 1893–1978
^†Tonga 1900–1970
Niue²⁰ 1900–1974
^†*Australia 1901–1942
^†*New Zealand 1907–1947
^†Samoa 1914–1962
^†Nauru 1919–1942 and 1945–1968

²⁰Now part of the^†Realm of New Zealand
²¹Now^†Vanuatu
²²Now^†Kiribati and^†*Tuvalu

Antarctica and the South Atlantic

Saint Helena²³ since 1658
Ascension Island²³ since 1815
Tristan da Cunha²³ since 1816
Falkland Islands⁵ since 1833
^†Australian Antarctic Territory(transferred to theCommonwealth of Australia) 1841–1933
^†Ross Dependency(transferred to theRealm of New Zealand) 1841–1947
British Antarctic Territory²⁴ since 1908
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands²⁵ since 1908

⁵Occupied by Argentina during theFalklands War of April–June 1982.
²³Since 2009 part ofSaint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; Ascension Island (1922–) and Tristan da Cunha (1938–) were previously dependencies of Saint Helena.
²⁴Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1962; overlaps portions of Argentine and Chilean claims, borders not enforced but claim not renounced under theAntarctic Treaty.
²⁵Claimed in 1908; territory formed 1985