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Federal Ministry of Finance (Germany)

Coordinates:52°30′31″N13°23′3″E / 52.50861°N 13.38417°E /52.50861; 13.38417
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Federal ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany

Federal Ministry of Finance
Bundesministerium der Finanzen
Map

TheDetlev-Rohwedder-Haus onWilhelmstraße, headquarters of the Federal Ministry of Finance since August 1999. Formerly the Air Ministry headquarters building and an example of classical-modern architecture.
Agency overview
Formed14 July 1879; 146 years ago (1879-07-14) (Reichsschatzamt)
JurisdictionGermanyFederal Republic of Germany
HeadquartersDetlev-Rohwedder-Haus
Wilhelmstraße 97, 10117Berlin
52°30′31″N13°23′3″E / 52.50861°N 13.38417°E /52.50861; 13.38417
Employees1,965 (ministry)
Annual budget€8.742 billion (2021)[1]
Minister responsible
Agency executives
  • Katja Hessel, Parliamentary State Secretary
  • Florian Toncar, Parliamentary State Secretary
  • Steffen Saebisch, State Secretary
  • Werner Gatzer, State Secretary
Parent agencyCabinet of Germany
Child agencies
Websitewww.bundesfinanzministerium.de

TheFederal Ministry of Finance (German:Bundesministerium der Finanzen,pronounced[ˈbʊndəsminɪsˌteːʁiʊmdeːɐ̯fiˈnantsn̩]; abbreviatedBMF) is thecabinet-levelfinance ministry ofGermany, with its seat at theDetlev-Rohwedder-Haus inBerlin and a secondary office inBonn.

History

[edit]

InGerman politics, the Ministry of Finance beside theInterior,Foreign,Justice andDefence ministries is counted as one of the "classical portfolios" (denoted by the definite articleder), which were also part of the first German government underOtto von Bismarck following theUnification of 1871.

Pre-war ministry onWilhelmplatz, Berlin, 1930s

Fiscal policy in theGerman Empire was predominantly the domain of the variousstates responsible for all direct taxation according to the 1833Zollverein treaties. The federal government merely received indirect contributions from the states. Matters of fiscal policy at the federal level initially was the exclusive responsibility of theGerman Chancellery underOtto von Bismarck. However, in 1877 a special finance department was established, which with effect from 14 July 1879 was separated from the chancellery as the Imperial Treasury (Reichsschatzamt), a federal agency in its own right. With its seat vis-à-vis onWilhelmplatz inBerlin, it was first headed by a subsecretary, and from 1880 by aState Secretary only answerable to the chancellor.[citation needed]

AfterWorld War I, the newly establishedWeimar Republic had to face hugereparations and a fiscal emergency. To cope with the implications, the formerReichsschatzamt in 1919 was re-organised as a federal ministry, theReichsministerium der Finanzen, as supreme financial authority headed by a federal minister. Besides a Reich Treasury Ministry (Reichsschatzministerium) was established for the administration of the federal property, both agencies were merged in 1923.[citation needed]

Already in the German cabinet of ChancellorFranz von Papen, UndersecretaryLutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk was appointed Finance Minister in 1932, an office he held throughout theNazi era until 1945. The ministry played a vital role in financing theGerman re-armament, in the "Aryanization" of Jewish property ("Reich Flight Tax"), Germanwar economy, and the plundering of occupied countries inWorld War II. Thebudget deficit had already reached heady heights on the eve of the war, aggrandised by hiddenMefo andOeffa bill financing. In turn, saving banks and credit institutions were obliged to signwar bonds while price stability was enforced bygovernment intervention and the German public was called up to bank surplus money.[citation needed]

AfterWorld War II the ministry was re-established in 1949 and renamed theWest GermanBundesministerium der Finanzen.[2] Since 1999, the Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus (formerAir Ministry Building) in Berlin has been the headquarters of the ministry.[citation needed]

During the period of Reunification in the 1990s', the Ministry of Finance headed by Theo Waigel, refused to return eight buildings in East Germany belonging to six Austrian Jewish citizens / NS victims. Allgemeine Judische Wochenzeitung; 10 September 1992; "Expropriation through the back door; German Government adds to its coffers / Loopholes in German bureaucracy make Injustice permanent." ("Enteignung durch die Hintertur; Der Bund bereichert sich / Winkelzuge deutscher Burocratie schreiben Unrecht fest").

Structure and function

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The Ministry is the supreme federal authority in revenue administration and governs a number of subordinate federal, intermediate, and local authorities such as the Federal Centre for Data Processing and Information Technology (ZIVIT). The Ministry's wider portfolio includes public-law agencies and corporations such as the Federal Finance Regulator (BaFin) and Real Estate regulatory bodies. The finance minister is the only cabinet minister who canveto a decision of the government if it would lead to additional expenditure. The German newspaper FAZ stated, the Ministry of Finance is the most important Ministry in the German government.[3]

The Finance Ministry is responsible for all aspects of tax and revenue policy in Germany and plays a significant role inEuropean Union policy. It has nine directorates-general:[4]

  • Directorate-General Z (Central Services): Deals with all ministerial organizational matters, including human resources, IT, occupational training, management, and administration
  • Directorate-General L (Leading, Strategy and communication): Coordinates strategy development and policy planning to advance decision-making processes, also manages the ministry's relations with the parliament and federal cabinet
  • Directorate-General I (Fiscal and Macroeconomic Affairs): Determines the strategic focus of the Ministry's fiscal policy instruments, forecasts public budget trends and conducts macroeconomic research
  • Directorate-General II (Federal Budget): Responsible for drawing up the federal budget by calculating revenue and spending for each government policy area.
  • Directorate-General III (Customs and Excise): Responsible for levying customs and excise duties, as well as for monitoring cross-border goods traffic.
  • Directorate-General IV (Taxation): Together with the other member states of the EU, the Ministry works to improve coordination among the different systems of taxes.
  • Directorate-General V (Financial Relations and Law): Coordinates financial relations between central, regional and local governments. Also responsible for public law, legal affairs, and handling proceedings before Germany's Federal Constitutional Court and the European courts. Furthermore, this directorate-general deals with settlement of war burdens, compensation forNational Socialist injustices, and unresolved property issues in eastern Germany
  • Directorate-General VII (Financial Market Policy): Manages the federal debt, including issuance of securities for financial markets and private investors which ensure the budgeted volume of credit is obtained when needed and at market rates. Also responsible for theBundesbank and theEuropean Central Bank. Shapes the legal framework for financial markets through its capital market policy and exercises legal supervision over the German financial watchdog agency BaFin.
  • Directorate-General VIII (Privatisation): Sets the policy for managing state holdings which is then undertaken by individual government departments. Operates a real estate institute that markets properties that the German Government no longer needs, and operates standardised facility management for federal properties.
  • Directorate-General E (European Policy): Responsible for coordinating the German Government's European economic and financial policy under the EU Treaty.

Subordinate agencies

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Detlev-Rohwedder-Haus, Berlin headquarters
Entrance to the headquarters in Bonn

The federal ministry directly governs the following agencies:[5]

  • Higher federal authorities
    • Federal Central Tax Office (BZSt)
    • Federal Office of Central Services and Unresolved Property Issues (BADV)
    • Federal Equalisation of Burdens Office (BAA)
    • Federal Spirits Monopoly Administration (BfB)
  • Intermediate and local authorities
  • Other agencies
    • Centre for Data Processing and Information Technology (ZIVIT)
    • Training and Knowledge Centre (BWZ)

Legally independent entities in the Ministry's wider portfolio include:

Federal Ministers of Finance

[edit]
Main article:List of German finance ministers

Political Party:  CSU  CDU  FDP  SPD

Name
(Born-Died)		PortraitPartyTerm of OfficeChancellor
(Cabinet)
1Fritz Schäffer
(1888–1967)		CSU20 September 194929 October 1957Adenauer
(I • II)
2Franz Etzel
(1902–1970)		CDU29 October 195714 November 1961Adenauer
(III)
3Heinz Starke
(1911–2001)		FDP14 November 196119 November 1962Adenauer
(IV)
4Rolf Dahlgrün
(1908–1969)		FDP14 December 196228 October 1966Adenauer(V)
Erhard(I • II)
5Kurt Schmücker
(1919–1996)		CDU8 November 196630 November 1966Erhard
(II)
6Franz Josef Strauß
(1915–1988)		CSU1 December 196621 October 1969Kiesinger
(I)
7Alex Möller
(1903–1985)		SPD22 October 196913 May 1971Brandt
(I)
8Karl Schiller
(1911–1994)		SPD13 May 19717 July 1972
9Helmut Schmidt
(1918–2015)		SPD7 July 19721 May 1974Brandt
(I •II)
10Hans Apel
(1932–2011)		SPD16 May 197415 February 1978Schmidt
(I • II)
11Hans Matthöfer
(1925–2009)		SPD16 February 197828 April 1982Schmidt
(II • III)
12Manfred Lahnstein
(b. 1937)		SPD28 April 19821 October 1982Schmidt
(III)
13Gerhard Stoltenberg
(1928–2001)		CDU4 October 198221 April 1989Kohl
(I •II •III)
14Theodor Waigel
(b. 1939)		CSU21 April 198927 October 1998Kohl
(III •IV •V)
15Oskar Lafontaine
(b. 1943)		SPD27 October 199818 March 1999Schröder
(I)
Werner Müller was acting Federal Minister from 18 March to 12 April 1999.
16Hans Eichel
(b. 1941)		SPD12 April 199922 November 2005Schröder
(I •II)
17Peer Steinbrück
(b. 1947)		SPD22 November 200528 October 2009Merkel
(I)
18Wolfgang Schäuble
(1942–2023)		CDU28 October 200924 October 2017Merkel
(II •III)
Peter Altmaier was acting Federal Minister from 24 October 2017 to 14 March 2018.
19Olaf Scholz
(b. 1958)		SPD14 March 20188 December 2021Merkel
(IV)
20Christian Lindner
(b. 1979)		FDP8 December 20217 November 2024Scholz
(I)
21Jörg Kukies
(b. 1968)		SPD7 November 20246 May 2025Scholz
(I)
22Lars Klingbeil
(b. 1978)		SPD6 May 2025incumbentMerz
(I)

See also

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References

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  1. ^"Bundeshaushalt".bundeshaushalt.de. Retrieved7 May 2021.
  2. ^Die Geschichte des BMF (archived)
  3. ^"Neuauflage der Groko?: Schulz beansprucht Finanzministerium für SPD".Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.
  4. ^BMF: What We Do[permanent dead link](in English) retrieved 1 June 2012.
  5. ^BMF: Subordinate Agencies[permanent dead link]

External links

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