Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye (King ofSine, 1871–1878) was the last king from this family to rule in Sine. The last king of Sine wasMaad a Sinig Mahecor Joof (died 1969)
The early history of the Faye family goes back toLamanic times, however they did not achieve particular fame and notoriety until the 14th century.[1][3] The Faye family that had ruled the pre-colonial kingdoms ofSine trace descent toBoukar Djillakh Faye (variation: Bougar Birame Faye), an early 14th-century professional wrestler callednjom in Serer and patriarch of thispatriclan.[3] In the early 14th century, Boukar Djillakh Faye was regarded as one of the best wrestlers inSerer country. The Guelowar princessLingeer Tening Jom[4] was given to him in marriage. Tening Jom was the niece ofMaysa Wali[3] who later became aMaad a Sinig (title for the king of Sine) — ruling fromc. 1350–1370.[1] From that marriage, they had several children including Tasse Faye (or Tassé Faye, the first from this family to rule Sine asMaad a Sinig during this era) and Waagaan Tening Jom Faye (the king with at least 24 children including 9 daughters)[5] — one of the better known kings from this family. Dinned intoSenegambian andSerer history, the Faye family, like their Joof counterparts are one of few Senegambian families that have a familyanthem (boom).[2] The name of their anthem is"Waagaan Koumbassandiane",[2] (proper:Waagaan Kumbasaanjaan) who actually was a medieval king of Sine (Maad a Sinig Waagaan Kumbasaanjaan Faye[6]) reported to be one of the longest reigning kings of Sine and ancestor of this family.[2][7] This family's anthem forms part of theoverture of theEpic of Sanmoon Faye, which relates the history and deeds ofMaad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye, the controversial king of Sine who succeededMaad a Sinig Kumba Ndoffene Famak Joof in 1871.[2][8] Their familytotem is theAfrican warthog (called"ruul a koб" in Serer,[9] variation:"ruul-a-koƥ"[10]) — (previously grouped with theboar).[9][11] In the early part of the Guelowar dynastic period (1350–1969), the Faye paternal dynasty was dominant in Sine, providing many of the Serer kings. However they were eventually overtaken by the Joof family who provided more kings of Sine, even from the 19th century to 1969.[8] Notwithstanding the rivalries between these two patriclans, alliances were formed on certain occasions in order to repulse those they perceived as the greater enemy. One of these medieval alliances was betweenMaad a Sinig Diessanou Faye andJaraff Boureh Gnilane Joof (founder ofthe Royal House of Boureh Gnilane Joof). That historical alliance was brought about when theMuslimmarabout—Mohammadou of Koungo launchedjihad in the Sine, threatening the survival ofSerer religion in the country.[12] Diessanou Faye, who was on the throne of Sine requested the assistance of the Joof family. Assistance was granted, with the Joof clan led by Boureh Gnilane Joof (son of thewarlord king ofLaah and conqueror ofBaol -Maad Patar Kholleh Joof). The Joof—Faye alliance led to the defeat the Muslim army.[12] For his part in achieving victory, Boureh Gnilane was madeJaraff (equivalent ofprime minister) and given the sister of Diessanou Faye (Lingeer Gnilane Faye) in marriage.[12]
This battle was between the people who adhere to thelaws of the land against those who use murder and robbery to achieve their goal. It was a battle where thegood citizens attempted to take back their country, led by their king and his army.
Maad a Sinig Latsouk Faniame Faye and the good people of Dieghem.[16]
* It is his name people cite when they make a short praise to the Faye family, i.e."Fay Biram" which may signify,"Faye! From the line Biram." For the Joof family, it is the name of Maad a Sinig Niokhobai Mane Nyan Joof they recite, i.e."Juufa Niokhobai Samba Lingeer" (var.Dioufa Niokhobaye), which means"Joof! The great nobles." These short familypoems or proverbs are calledlastangol la (orndakantal) in Serer.[11]
The Faye family's involvement inSerer religion is linked to thePangool (the Serer saints and ancestral spirits). During the reign of Maad a Sinig Waasila Faye (in the fifteenth century[26]), the Fangool Laga Ndong was canonized king of the Pangool (singular:Fangool).[27] Betweenc. 1750–1763, the then king of Sine — Maad a Sinig Boukar Tjilas Mahe Soum Joof[28] is reported to have come into conflict with the Fangool Tamba Faye (the "great Fangool of Ndiob").[29]
The Senegalese artistYoussou N'Dour himself of Serer heritage dedicated his 1985 trackWagane Faye to this family. In that song, he recite thegenealogy of this family with particularly emphasis on the branch of Waagaan Faye (i.e. Maad a Sinig Waagaan Tening Jom Faye).
Yandé Codou Sène, the late Serer Diva, sings the deeds of Maad a Sinig Waasila Faye in her songMoon[30] and that of Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye (also called Salmon Faye) from her 1997 album (Night Sky in Sine Saloum) —Salmon Fay, which she sang ina cappella.
Lingeer Gnilane Faye, she is the mother of Maad a Sinig Njaak Faye (from her first marriage) as well as the motherMaad a Sinig Ama Joof Gnilane Faye Joof (from her second marriage to the warlordSandigue Ndiob Niokhobaye Joof). This queen mother was highly involved in the political affairs of Sine. The Battle of Ndoffène was a family crisis for Lingeer Gnilane, because it involved her second husband from the family Joof fighting for the succession of their youngest son (Ama Joof) against her eldest son Njaak Faye who was the king of Sine. Maad a Sinig Njaak Faye was defeated and killed in that battle.[17]
Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye[6] (var: Sanoumon Faye,[8] sometimes called Salmon Faye[33]) – reigned 1871–1878[8] A controversial king regarded as a great warrior king,[2][34] but also viewed by his notables as a wicked king.[34] When his notables headed by theFarba—Mbar Yandé Ndiaye Faye[35] (his general) called his nephew Semou Maak Joof (the future king of Sine whom Sanmoon previously defeated and driven out of Sine) to help them defeat Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye, he sought French protection and practically ceded to the French the sovereignty of Sine, though he never kept to the terms of the treaty. There was little support from the French.[34] It was during and after his reign that the Kingdom of Sine was ravaged with dynastic struggles,where the kings succeeded one another at an astounding rate.[36]
Lingeer Gnilane Faye (of Sine), she was married off to the Njie royal family of Jolof, some of which later settled inSaloum. Her son Waljojo (orWaldiodio) did become king of Sine.[37]
Farba Mbar Yandé Ndiaye Faye, the general and commander of the Sine army during the reign of Maad a Sinig Sanmoon Faye.[35] He wrote a letter to the French in 1876 relaying the cruelty of the king of Sine.[38]
Waly Faye (1933 - 1997), General of the senior army corps commander of the national gendarmerie and director of military justice. Grand Chancellor of theNational Order of the Lion
Abdou N'Daffa Faye (died 1967), a reported assassin (o pôbôm in Serer[11]) charged with the assassination of a Senegalese politician in 1967. He was found guilty and sentenced to death.
^abcSarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum", (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87. p 19
^Variation:Waagaan Koumba Sandiane Faye (see Diouf, pp 716–7 (p 11)
^abcdKlein, Martin A,Islam and Imperialism in Senegal: Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV
^abCrétois, Léonce, Becker, Charles "Le vocabulaire sereer de la faune", (Editor: Charles Becker), Centre de linguistique appliquée de Dakar (1983), p iv.
^Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France) Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France), "Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée: JATBA., Volumes 32–33", Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (1985), p 233
^abcLamoise, LE P., "Grammaire de la langue sérère avec des exemples et des exercises renfermant des documents très utiles", Imprimerie de la Mission (1873)
^Waagaan / Wagane Tening Jom Faye is also spelled Wagane Tening Diom Faye (following its French spelling in Senegal). The names of his children are also spelled: Mba Wagane, Ndougou Wagane, Yakis Wagane, Karabel Wagane, Biram Diakher Wagane, Ngom Wagane, Toma Wagane, Khandiang Wagane, Ndiène Wagane and Lassouk Wagane (see Diouf, p 707(p 5). See also:
Sarr (page 22) for the name variations: Yakisse Wagane, Dougou-Dougou Wagane, Khandiang Wagane, Diokel Wagane and Koly Mbégane Wagane. The namesDiokel andKoly are not provided by Niokhobaye Diouf.
Tasse Faye or Tassé Faye (following its French spelling in Senegal) succeededMaad a Sinig Maysa Wali Jaxateh Manneh (orMaïssa Wali Dione) who ruled from 1350 - 1370 (see Sarr, p 19).
^Diouf, Niokhobaye, "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp 723 (p 14)
^abSarr, Benjamin Sombel, "Sorcellerie et univers religieux chrétien en Afrique", l'Harmattan (2008), p 19,ISBN2296059163
^Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine." Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Ifan, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972). pp 722–732 (pp 14
^(in French) "CARNET DE ROUTE – DIAKHAO Dans la cour des Bour Sine" [in] Setal net[1] (Retrieved 15 August 2012)
^(in French) République du Sénégal, Primature Secretariat General du Gouvernment, Journal Officiel "MINISTERE DES FORCES ARMEES, Décret n° 2007-1486 du 10 décembre 2007"[2]Archived 2015-06-09 at theWayback Machine (Retrieved 14 August 2012)
Sarr, Alioune, "Histoire du Sine-Saloum", (Sénégal), Introduction, bibliographie et notes par Charles Becker. Version légèrement remaniée par rapport à celle qui est parue en 1986-87
Diouf, Niokhobaye. "Chronique du royaume du Sine", Suivie de notes sur les traditions orales et les sources écrites concernant le royaume du Sine par Charles Becker et Victor Martin. (1972). Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire, Tome 34, Série B, n° 4, (1972)
Lamoise, LE P., "Grammaire de la langue sérère avec des exemples et des exercises renfermant des documents très utiles", Imprimerie de la Mission (1873)
Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (France). Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France),"Journal d'agriculture traditionnelle et de botanique appliquée: JATBA., Volumes 32–33", Laboratoire d'ethnobotanique et d'ethnozoologie, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle (1985), p 233
"L’EPOPEE DE SANMOON FAY", [in]Éthiopiques n°54 revue semestrielle de culture négro-africaine, Nouvelle série volume 7 2e semestre 1991(in French)[3]Archived 2018-05-29 at theWayback Machine (Retrieved 14 August 2012)
Fata Ndiaye, "La saga du peuple sérère et l'Histoire du Sine", inÉthiopiques revue, numéro 54, vol. 7, 2e semestre 1991(in French)[4]Archived 2013-10-29 at theWayback Machine
.jpg)
._19th_Century._Jung-Jung_From_The_Kingdom_of_Sine_(in_modern_day_Senegal).jpg)
