Fatu-Hiva - Back to Nature is a book published in 1974 byarchaeologist andexplorerThor Heyerdahl detailing his experiences and reflections during a 15-month stay on theMarquesan island ofFatu Hiva in 1937–38. The book was based on Heyerdahl's original reportPå Jakt efter Paradiset (In Search of Paradise), which was published in Norway in 1938, but because of the outbreak of World War II was never translated and rather forgotten.
On the occasion of theirhoneymoon, Thor Heyerdahl and his first wife Liv determined to escape fromcivilization, and to "return to nature". They nominally had an academic mission, to research the spread of animal species between islands, but in reality they intended to "run away to the South Seas" and never return home.
The couple arrived at Fatu Hiva in 1937, in the valley ofOmo‘a. Finding that civilization, albeit on a vastly reduced scale, was still present there, they decided to cross over the island's mountainous interior to settle in one of the small, nearly abandoned, valleys on the eastern side of the island. There, they made theirthatch-covered stilted home in the valley ofUia.
During several exchanges with an elderly Marquesan man who lived in Uia with them, a formercannibal named Tei Tetua, Heyerdahl determined that, although prior to the arrival of Europeans,cats were not to be found inPolynesia, the Marquesans were nonetheless familiar with the creatures, and indeed, certain of the carved tiki figures seemed very much to representfelines:
To our surprise, the reliefs of two human figures with hands above their heads appeared, and between them, two large quadrupeds in profile, each with an eye, a mouth, erected ears, and a tail. Two quadrupeds!...A cat?...Felines yes, but not rats. (p.173)
To the present day, Andean peasants consider the hail-cat, "ccoa" - seen with hail running out of his eyes - a beast to be reckoned with. (Sullivan, "The Secret Of The Incas", p.139)
Theccoa was an important figure in theAndean cultures. In theMayan language,toh is the name for thepuma. In Polynesia,toa is the word for "brave". Cats are not native to Polynesia, but somehow feline icons are found in their primitive sculptures and figures. InSamoa,pusi is an English derivative that was adopted with the newly arrived cat. In Fatu-Hiva, the name for cat is "poto". The fact that cats seem to display some sense of keen intellect probably caused the natives to name the new arrivalspoto after the Polynesian word for smart,poto.
The observation prompted Heyerdahl to ask Tei Tetua from whence his people had come, to which he replied "the east":
"From where?" I asked, and was curious to hear the old man's reply. "From Te Fiti [The East]", answered the old man and nodded toward that part of the horizon where the sun rose, the direction in which there was no other land except South America. (p.217)
Initially, the Heyerdahls found life on Fatu Hiva to be idyllic, what with the abundance offruit trees and readily available unpolluted river water. The charm soon wore off, however, as they had to face the reality ofelephantiasis-bearingmosquitos, as well as other unfamiliar tropicaldiseases. Eventually, also, Thor and Liv found it impossible to live among the local people and ended up sheltering in a cave, anxious to get home.
The book begins with Heyerdahl's optimistic idea thatparadise could still be found. By the end of the book, Heyerdahl bitterly concludes:
There is nothing for modern man to return to. Our wonderful time in the wilderness had given us a taste of what man had abandoned and what mankind was still trying to get even further away from. ... Progress today can be defined as man's ability to complicate simplicity. ... Nothing in all the procedure that modern man, helped by all his modern middlemen, goes through before he earns money to buy a fish or a potato will ever be as simple as pulling it out of the water or soil. Without the farmer and the fisherman, modern society would collapse, with all its shops and pipes and wires. The farmers and the fishermen represent the nobility of modern society; they share their crumbs with the rest of us, who run about with papers and screwdrivers attempting to build a better world without a blueprint.
