| Farrukh Yasar I فرخ یسار | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shah ofShirvan | |||||
 Silver coin minted during reign of Farrukh Yasar | |||||
| Reign | 1465–1500 | ||||
| Coronation | 1465 | ||||
| Predecessor | Khalilullah I | ||||
| Successor | Bahram | ||||
| Born | 1441 Baku | ||||
| Died | 1500 Baku | ||||
| Spouse | Daughter of Usmi of Kaitag Adil Beg | ||||
| Issue | Gazi Beg Shirvanshah Bahram Beg Ibrahim II Sheykhshah Gawhar-Sultan Khanum | ||||
| |||||
| House | House of Shirvanshah | ||||
| Father | Khalilullah I | ||||
| Religion | Islam | ||||
Farrukh Yasar (Persian:فرخ یسار) was the last independentShirvanshah ofShirvan (1465–1500). In 1500, the firstSafavid ruler,Ismail I, decisively defeated and killed Farrukh Yasarduring his conquest of the area. Descendants of Farrukh Yasar continued to rule Shirvan under Safavid suzerainty, until 1538, when Ismail's son and successorTahmasp I (r. 1524-1576) appointed its first Safavid governor, and made it a fully functioningSafavid province.[1]
He averted strategy of his ancestor's - alliance withTimurids, instead he moved towardsUzun Hasan. He married his daughter to Uzun Hasan's sonYaqub. On 31 January 1468 the combined forces ofShirvanshahs and theAq Qoyunlu defeatedTimurid khanAbu Sa'id Mirza. Future sultans of the Aq Qoyunlu –Baysunghur andMurad – were his grandsons.
He sent his "Khalaf al-Umara and Akabir" (Deputy ofemirs and nobles) Ziyaaddin Yusif and his personal merchant Khawja Yar Ahmad with 2 bullions of gold to Istanbul, in order to establish relations withMehmed the Conqueror.
In 1465, Shirvanshah envoy Hasan Shirvani was sent toMoscow in order to establish diplomatic relations, in responseIvan III of Russia sent an embassy with leadership of Vasily Papin and a group of merchants (which also includedAfanasy Nikitin) for trade and a pact againstGolden Horde.[2]
DuringUzun Hasan's reign, relations with Safavids were quite peaceful. But in 1488Shaykh Haydar of theSafaviyyaShia sect moved through Shirvan towardsDerbent, supposedly to wage jihad against the Circassians, but instead laid siege toShamakhi. He captured the capital and burned it. Farrukh Yasar was not able to mount a defense and asked his son-in-law Sultan Yaqub ofAk Koyunlu to come to his rescue on 9 June 1488. Upon hearing his arrival, Sheikh retreated toDerbent. The combined forces of the Aq Qoyunlu under Suleiman Bey and the Shirvanshah forces which were led by shah himself, attacked to Qizilbash on 9 July 1488. Their combined forces were able to defeat the SafavidQizilbash forces and Shaykh Haydar was wounded by an arrow. He was captured by gatekeeper Ali aga who severed his head and sent to Sultan Yaqub.
Upon death of his son-in-law in 1490, he supported his grandson Baysunghur for keeping the throne. In 1492, he fled to Shirvan upon dethronement. However he was killed in a battle betweenBarda andGanja. The brother of Baysunghur, Murad also fled to Shirvan sometime later and stayed there until 1497.[3]
In 1497Shaki ruler Shah Husain rebelled with Shah's youngest son future kingIbrahim II Shaykhshah and raidedGabala for 8 days. Shah crushed them with his other sons and Abulfath beg - the Vali of Gabala. However, they were pardoned.
YoungIsmail was freed by his cousin, the new Aq Qoyunlu sultan Rustam in 1492. He decided to take revenge of his father, but rulers ofArdabil, Ali beg Jayirli andTalysh ruler Muhammad, who were vassals of the Shirvanshahs, did not give any help when demanded. Ismail then moved on toQarabagh and then toErzincan. In 1499, he began to march on Shirvan. Two forces met onBattle of Jabani, nearShamakhi. Shirvan's forces were devastated and shah were captured and beheaded.[4] Ismail captured Shamakhi, and moved on to Baku.
He was remembered as merciful and glorious ruler by many sources.[5] Construction ofTuba Shahi Mosque and Juma Mosque inDerbent were patronized by himself.[6]
Farrukh Yasar was married to daughter of Usmi of KaitagAdil bey
Farrukh Yasar Born: 1441 Died: 1500 | ||
| Regnal titles | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by | Shirvanshah 1465–1500 | Succeeded by |