In 1987, Jerry Lundegaard is the executive sales manager of aMinneapolis car dealership owned by his father-in-law, Wade Gustafson. Desperate for money, he plans to have his wife, Jean, kidnapped. On the recommendation of dealership mechanic and parolee Shep Proudfoot, Jerry meets Gaear Grimsrud and Carl Showalter at a bar inFargo, North Dakota. Gaear and Carl agree to kidnap Jean in exchange for a newOldsmobile Cutlass Ciera and half of the $80,000 ransom Jerry intends to extort from Wade.
Believing he has secured a $750,000 loan from Wade for a lucrative real estate deal, Jerry unsuccessfully tries to call off the kidnapping. However, Wade and his accountant Stan Grossman inform Jerry that Wade will handle the deal himself, offering Jerry only a modest finder's fee. Carl and Gaear kidnap Jean and transport her to a remote cabin inMoose Lake. Astate trooper stops them nearBrainerd for not displayingtemporary registration tags. The trooper rejects Carl's clumsy bribe attempt and orders Carl out of the car. The trooper hears Jean whimpering in the back seat, so Gaear shoots the trooper dead, then kills two passersby who witnessed the scene.
Brainerd police chief Marge Gunderson, who is seven months pregnant, begins investigating. She correctly deduces that the dead trooper was ticketing a car withdealer plates. She later learns that two men driving a dealership vehicle checked into a nearby motel with two call girls and placed a call to Shep. Marge visits Wade's dealership, where Shep feigns ignorance and Jerry nervously insists no cars are missing. While in Minneapolis, Marge reconnects with Mike Yanagita, a high school classmate. Mike awkwardly tries to romance her before breaking down and telling her his wife has died.
Jerry tells Wade the kidnappers have demanded $1 million and will deal only through him. In light of the three murders, Carl demands that Jerry hand over the $80,000 he believes is the entire ransom. Shep finds Carl with a call girl in Shep's Minneapolis apartment and beats him in retaliation for bringing Shep to the police's attention. Carl angrily calls Jerry and demands that he bring the money immediately. Wade insists on delivering the ransom and meets Carl at a parking garage. Wade refuses to hand over the money without seeing his daughter, so Carl shoots him. Wade fires back, wounding Carl in the jaw. Carl kills Wade and a garage attendant, then drives away with the cash.
On the way to Moose Lake, Carl discovers the briefcase contains $1 million. He takes out $80,000 to split with Gaear and buries the rest in the snow alongside the highway. Marge learns from a friend that Yanagita lied; he has no wife and is mentally ill. Reflecting on this, Marge returns to Wade's dealership. An agitated Jerry again insists no cars are missing and tells Marge he will double-check the inventory. Marge sees Jerry driving off the lot and calls the state police.
At the cabin, Carl finds that Gaear killed Jean because she would not be quiet. Carl says they should split up and leave immediately, and they argue over who will keep the Ciera. Carl insults Gaear and attempts to leave with the car, but Gaear, having become annoyed with Carl's persistent talking, chases him outside and kills him with an axe. Marge drives to Moose Lake, tipped off by a local bartender who overheard a customer brag about killing someone. She sees the Ciera, then discovers Gaear feeding Carl's body into a woodchipper. Gaear attempts to flee, but Marge shoots him in the leg and arrests him. Shortly after, Jerry is arrested by state troopers at a motel outsideBismarck, North Dakota.
Marge's husband, Norm, tells her thePostal Service has selected his painting of amallard for a 3-centpostage stamp and complains that his friend's painting won the competition for a 29-cent stamp. Marge reminds him that smaller denomination stamps make up the difference between the face value of old stamps and the new cost of first-class postage. Norm is reassured, and the couple happily anticipates the birth of their child.
The Coens initially consideredWilliam H. Macy for a smaller role, but they were so impressed by his reading that they asked him to read for the role of Jerry. According to Macy, he was persistent in getting the role, saying: "I found out that they [the Coen brothers] were auditioning in New York still, so I got my jolly, jollyLutheran ass on an airplane and walked in and said, 'I want to read again because I'm scared you're going to screw this up and hire someone else.' I actually said that. You know, you can't play that card too often as an actor. Sometimes it just blows up in your face, but I said, 'Guys, this is my role. I want this.'"[10] Ethan Coen later said, "I don't think either of us [Coen brothers] realised what a tough acting challenge we were handing Bill Macy with this part. Jerry's a fascinating mix of the completely ingenuous and the utterly deceitful. Yet he's also guileless; even though he set these horrible events in motion, he's surprised when they go wrong."[11]
Frances McDormand learned how to use and fire a gun, spent days talking with a pregnant police officer and developed a backstory for her character along withJohn Carroll Lynch, who played her husband. She said she may have modeled Marge on her sister, a chaplain at a women's maximum-security prison.[12]
Fargo was filmed during the winter of 1995, mainly in theMinneapolis-St. Paul area and aroundPembina County, North Dakota.[13][14] Due to unusually low snowfall totals in central and southern Minnesota, scenes requiring snow-covered landscapes had to be shot in northern Minnesota and northeastern North Dakota, though not near the towns of Fargo and Brainerd.[15] CinematographerRoger Deakins used anArriflex 35 BL-4 camera.[14]
Jerry's initial meeting with Carl and Gaear was shot at a pool hall and bar called the King of Clubs in the northeast section of Minneapolis.[16] It was demolished in 2003, along with most other buildings on that block of Central Avenue, and replaced bylow-income housing.[17] Wade's car dealership was filmed at Wally McCarthy Oldsmobile inRichfield, Minnesota, a southern suburb of Minneapolis. The site is now occupied byBest Buy's national corporate headquarters. The 24-footPaul Bunyan statue was built for the film (and subsequently dismantled) on Pembina County Highway 1, four miles west ofBathgate, North Dakota, near the Canadian border.[18] The Blue Ox truckstop was Stockmen's Truck Stop inSouth St. Paul, which is still in business. Ember's, the restaurant where Jerry discusses the ransom drop with Gustafson, was located inSt. Louis Park, the Coens' hometown; the building now houses a medical outpatient treatment center.[18]
The strip club where Marge interviews the two call girls was two separate locations. Its exterior was the Lakeside Club inMahtomedi, Minnesota, and interior the Loch Ness Lounge inHoulton, Wisconsin. The kidnappers' Moose Lake hideout stood on the shore ofSquare Lake, nearMay, Minnesota. The cabin was relocated toBarnes, Wisconsin, in 2002. TheEdina police station where the interior police headquarters scenes were filmed is still in operation but has been completely rebuilt. The Carlton Celebrity Room was an actual venue inBloomington, Minnesota, andJosé Feliciano did once appear there, but it had been closed for almost ten years when filming began. The Feliciano scene was shot at the Chanhassen Dinner Theatre inChanhassen, near Minneapolis.[18] The ransom drop was filmed in two adjacent parking garages on South 8th Street in downtown Minneapolis. Scenes in the Lundegaards' kitchen were shot in a private home on Pillsbury Avenue in Minneapolis,[19] and the house where Mr. Mohra describes the "funny looking little guy" to police is inHallock, in northwest Minnesota. The motel "outside of Bismarck", where the police finally catch up with Jerry, is the Hitching Post Motel inForest Lake, north of Minneapolis.[18] While none ofFargo was filmed in Fargo, the Fargo-Moorhead Convention & Visitors Bureau exhibits original script copies and several props used in the film, including the wood chipper prop.[18]
As with most Coen brothers films, the score was composed byCarter Burwell.[20] The mainmotif is based on a Norwegian folk song, "The Lost Sheep" (Norwegian:Den bortkomne sauen).[21] The soundtrack was released in 1996 onTVT Records, combined with selections from the score toBarton Fink.[20]
This is a true story. The events depicted in this film took place in Minnesota in 1987. At the request of the survivors, the names have been changed. Out of respect for the dead, the rest has been told exactly as it occurred.
The Coen brothers said that they based their script on an actual criminal event, but wrote a fictional story around it. Joel said: "We weren't interested in that kind of fidelity. The basic events are the same as in the real case, but the characterizations are fully imagined ... If an audience believes that something's based on a real event, it gives you permission to do things they might otherwise not accept."[22] In 1996, Joel Coen told a reporter that—contrary to the opening graphic—the actual murders were not committed in Minnesota.[23][24] Many Minnesotans speculated that the story was inspired byT. Eugene Thompson, aSt. Paul attorney who was convicted of hiring a man to murder his wife in 1963, near the Coens' hometown ofSt. Louis Park; but the Coens said that they had never heard of Thompson. After Thompson's death in 2015, Joel Coen changed the explanation again: "[The story was] completely made up. Or, as we like to say, the only thing true about it is that it's a story."[25]
The special edition DVD contains an account thatFargo was inspired by the 1986murder of Helle Crafts, a Danish–American flight attendant fromConnecticut at the hands of her husband, Richard, who disposed of her body through a wood chipper.[26] In a 1998 article, the fact-checking websiteSnopes concluded that the "true story" claim was a prank of the kind the Coen brothers often inserted in their films. Snopes said that doubters should note that afictitious persons disclaimer, used in works of fiction, is at the end of the film.[27]
The film's illustrations of "Minnesota nice" and distinctiveregional accents and expressions made a lasting impression on audiences; years later, locals reported continuing to field tourist requests to say "Yah, you betcha", and other lines from the films.[28] Dialect coach Liz Himelstein said that "the accent was another character". She coached the cast using audiotapes and field trips.[29] Another dialect coach, Larissa Kokernot (who also played one of the prostitutes), noted that the "small-town, Minnesota accent is close to the sound of the Nords and the Swedes", which is "where the musicality comes from". She taught McDormand "Minnesota nice" and the characteristic head-nodding to show agreement.[30] The strong accent spoken by Macy's and McDormand's characters, which was exaggerated for effect, is less common in theTwin Cities area, where over 60% of the state's population lives. The Minneapolis and St. Paul dialect is characterized by theNorthern Cities Vowel Shift, which is also found in other places in the Northern United States as far east asRochester, New York.[28]
Released theatrically in the United States on March 8, 1996,Fargo launched in 36 theaters, and grossed $1,024,137 in its first week.[33] In the film's third week,Fargo was released in 412 theaters, and accumulated a total box office gross of $5,998,890.[34] Overall it grossed $24,281,860 in the United States and Canada.[35] Internationally,Fargo was released in Canada on April 5, 1996; in the United Kingdom on May 31, 1996, grossing $2.3 million; in Australia on June 6, 1996, grossing $1.5 million; in Spain on June 20, 1996, grossing $1.8 million; in France on September 4, 1996, grossing $3.9 million; and in Germany on November 14, 1996, grossing $2.4 million.[36] Overall, the film's international gross was an estimated $36 million for a worldwide total of $60.6 million.[5]
On thereview aggregator websiteRotten Tomatoes,Fargo holds an approval rating of 95% based on 111 reviews, with an average rating of 8.8/10. The critical consensus reads: "Violent, quirky, and darkly funny,Fargo delivers an original crime story and a wonderful performance by McDormand."[37] AtMetacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100, based on 26 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".[38] Audiences polled byCinemaScore gave it an average grade of "B+" on an A+ to F scale.[39]
Arnold Wayne Jones, writing for theDallas Observer, calledFargo an "illuminating amalgam of emotion and thought", praising the directing and writing.[40] InEntertainment Weekly,Lisa Schwarzbaum praised McDormand and said the film was "dizzily rich, witty, and satisfying".[41] InThe New Yorker,Anthony Lane also praised McDormand: "Her character—seven months pregnant, polite to a fault, smart yet slow—is only a breath away from caricature, yet McDormand unearths a surprising decency there, and in the process she pretty well rescues the film."[42]USA Today journalist Mike Clark also praised the performance of McDormand:
McDormand's uproariously sly-spry performance connects with Roger Deakins' bleakly beautiful photography to create one of the Coens' most consistently successful outings, albeit one that plays it even closer to the vest than usual. [...] For a nifty bit of nastiness from two of our most dependably provocative filmmakers,Fargo will fill the bill.[43]
TheTime criticRichard Corliss criticizedFargo for its accents: "After some superb mannerist films, the Coens are back in the deadpan realist territory ofBlood Simple, but without the cinematic elan."[44] Conversely,Janet Maslin, inThe New York Times, deemedFargo "much more stylish and entertaining" thanBlood Simple.[45]James Berardinelli, writing forReelThoughts, gave the film three out of five, writing that it was "easy to admire what the Coens are trying to do inFargo, but more difficult to actually like the film".[46]John Simon ofThe National Review wrote that "the Coen brothers'Fargo is their best film so far, which isn't saying very much ...Fargo could have been a nice little film noir if they hadn't compounded it with black comedy, absurdism, and folksy farce: Scandinavian–American midwesterners up, or down, to their hickish shenanigans. Some of this surprisingly, works, some of it ranges from the unpalatable to the indigestible".[47]
Gene Siskel andRoger Ebert saidFargo was the best film of 1996,[48] with Ebert later ranking it fourth on his list of the best films of the 1990s.[49]Fargo was added to theNational Film Registry by theNational Film Preservation Board on December 27, 2006.[7] In 2010, theIndependent Film & Television Alliance selected the film as one of its "30 Most Significant Independent Films" of the last 30 years.[50] TheWriters Guild of America ranked the film's screenplay the 32nd greatest ever.[51] Future North Dakota governorDoug Burgum, whose companyGreat Plains Software had itsinitial public offering during the film's release, recalled that during investor meetings "100 percent of the first question was about the movie. We had no paper shredders in our office, only woodchippers, we'd answer with a straight face. They'd say: 'Really?!'"[52] The February 2020 issue ofNew York Magazine listsFargo as among "The Best Movies That Lost Best Picture at the Oscars."[53]
Fargo has been released in several formats:VHS,LaserDisc,DVD,Blu-ray, andiTunes download.[73] The first home video release of the film was on October 1, 1996, on apan and scan cassette.[74] A collector's edition widescreen VHS was also released and included asnow globe that depicted the woodchipper scene which, when shaken, stirred up both snow and "blood".[75]PolyGram Video releasedFargo on DVD on June 25, 1997.[76] In 2001,Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM), who acquired the rights to the film through their purchase of PolyGram's pre-March 31, 1996, library, released the film on VHS as part of its "Contemporary Classics" series.[77] A "Special Edition" DVD was released on September 30, 2003, byMGM Home Entertainment, which featured minor changes to the film, particularly with its subtitles.[78] The opening titles stating "This is a true story" have been changed in this edition from the actual titles on the film print to digitally inserted titles. Also, the subtitle preceding Lundegaard's arrest "Outside of Bismarck, North Dakota" has been inserted digitally and moved from the bottom of the screen to the top. The special edition ofFargo was repackaged in several Coen brothers box sets and also as a double feature DVD with other MGM releases.[76]
A Blu-ray version was released on May 12, 2009,[79] and later in a DVD combo pack in 2010.[80] On April 1, 2014, in commemoration for the 90th anniversary of MGM, the film was remastered in4K and reissued again on Blu-ray.[81] On May 3, 2017,Shout! Factory announced a 20th anniversary collector'sSteelbook edition on Blu-ray, limited to 10,000 copies, which was released on August 8, 2017.[82] On November 7, 2023, Shout! Factory released the film in a4K Ultra HD and Blu-ray combo pack.[83]
In 1997, apilot was filmed for an intended television series based on the film. Set in Brainerd shortly after the events of the film, it starredEdie Falco as Marge Gunderson and Bruce Bohne reprising his role as Officer Lou. It was directed byKathy Bates and featured no involvement from the Coen brothers. The episode aired in 2003 duringTrio'sBrilliant But Cancelled series of failed TV shows.[84]
A follow-upTV series inspired by the film, with the Coens as executive producers, debuted onFX in April 2014.[85] Thefirst season received acclaim from both critics and audiences.[86][87][88][89] Existing in the samefictional continuity as the film, each season features a different story, cast, and timespan. The episode "Eating the Blame" from the first season reintroduced the buried ransom money for a minor three-episode subplot.[90][91] Additional seasons have been made;the second was released on October 12, 2015;the third, on April 19, 2017;the fourth, on September 27, 2020;[92] and thefifth season premiered on November 21, 2023.[93]
Fargo essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010ISBN0826429777, pages 817-818[1]
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