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Farebox recovery ratio

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fares collected versus operating expenses in public transport
This article needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(August 2013)

Thefarebox recovery ratio (also calledfare recovery ratio,fare recovery rate or other terms) of apassenger transportation system is the fraction of operating expenses which are met by thefares paid by passengers. It is computed by dividing the system's total farerevenue by its total operating expenses.[1]

Fare structures

[edit]

There are generally two types of fare structures: a simple, flat rate fare structure (pay a fixed fare regardless of time of day and/or travel distance) or a complex, variable rate fare structure (pay a variable fare depending on time of day and/or travel distance). A variable fare structure is typically associated with a higher recovery ratio, though it may simply be the case that such systems are implemented only on more profitable networks or modes such as commuter rail. Variable-rate fares require a higher initial investment in fare ticketing technologies such as the use ofcontactless smart cards,turnstiles or fare gates, automatedticket machines, as well as IT infrastructure.[2]

Farebox ratios around the world

[edit]

The farebox recovery ratio is the ratio of fare revenue to total transport expenses for a given system.[1] These two figures can be found in the financial statements of the operators. Oftentimes the operator runs multiple modes of transport (e.g. subway and bus), and there is no data for individual modes (segment analysis). In this case the operator is considered as one system, or a group of modes are collectively considered one system.

Fare revenue is not the same as "transport" or "operational" revenue, as there are often secondary sources of revenue such as lockers and paid restrooms and advertisement revenue. Fare revenue is a subset of transport revenue, which is in turn part of total revenue along with "non-transport" or "non-operational" revenue.

Total "transport" or "operational" expenses are a part of total expenses along with "non-transport" or "non-operational" expenses. Total transport expenses may include expansion projects if they are paid for by the operator.

Asia

[edit]

Please note that, the "operating ratio" (Japanese:営業係数Korean:영업계수) commonly published by some Asian systems is different from farebox recovery ratio even after inverting the number to turn cost per unit revenue into revenue per unit cost, as that figure includes all operating revenue instead of only the fare revenue.[3]

Country or RegionSystemRatioFare systemYear
Hong KongMass Transit Railway (MTR)106.76%Mostly Distance based2021[4]
Hong KongHong Kong Tramway48.80%Flat rate2021[5]
Hong KongKowloon Motor Bus100.05%Route-specific2021[6]
Long Win Bus77.91%Route-specific2021[6]
Hong KongCitybus72.98%[7]Route-specific2021[8]
New World First Bus76.73%Route-specific2021[8]
JapanJR Central Rail245.95%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR East Rail142.44%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR West Rail132.38%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR Kyushu Rail111.34%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR Shikoku Rail69.84%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR Hokkaido Rail59.18%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanJR Freight Freight rail96.25%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanSapporo Municipal Subway220.79%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Sapporo Streetcar104.31%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanHakodate Streetcar82.87%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanSendai Subway159.68%Mixed zonal and distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanTokyo Metro161.55%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanTokyo Toei rail services74%[10][failed verification]Distance based2015
Tokyo Toei Subway171.46%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Tokyo Toei Streetcar83.39%Flat rateFY2018[9]
Tokyo Toei elevated rail109.84%Flat rateFY2018[9]
Tokyo Toei other rails136.81%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanYokohama Municipal Subway232.28%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanMeitetsu Railway155.99%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Meitetsu Tramway90.70%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanNagoya Municipal Subway167.24%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanKintetsu Railway Rail152.77%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Kintetsu Railway Cable36.70%VariousFY2018[9]
JapanNankai Electric Railway Rail161.26%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Nankai Electric Railway Cable31.12%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanKeihan Electric Railway Rail166.51%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Keihan Electric Railway Subway29.05%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanKeihan Electric Railway Streetcar73.08%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Keihan Electric Railway Cable71.73%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanHankyu Railway123%Distance based1991[11]
169.74%FY2018[9]
JapanHanshin Electric Railway146.75%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanOsaka Municipal Transportation Bureau137%Distance based1991[11]
Osaka Metro Subway208.51%Distance basedFY2018[9]
Osaka Metro APM/AGT105.35%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanKyoto Municipal Subway201.04%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanKobe Municipal Subway169.52%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanNishi-Nippon Railroad Rail149.92%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanFukuoka City Subway205.38%Distance basedFY2018[9]
JapanKitakyushu Monorail144.15%TabularFY2018[9]
JapanNagasaki Electric Tramway105.11%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanKumamoto Tram102.60%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanKagoshima Tram98.36%Flat rateFY2018[9]
JapanOkinawa Urban Monorail187.55%Distance basedFY2018[9]
PakistanLahore Metrobus37.2%[12]Flat rate2014
TaiwanTaipei Mass Rapid Transit87.64%Distance based2021[13]
TaiwanKaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit52.57%Distance based2020[14]
SingaporeSMRT Corporation (Singapore)101%Distance based2018[15]
ChinaBeijing Subway22%Flat rate[16]2013[17]
35.08%Distance based2021[18]
ChinaShenzhen Metro82.20%[19]Distance based2021[20]
ChinaGuangzhou Metro77.05%[21][22]Distance based2021[21]

Europe

[edit]
CountryRegion / CitySystemRatioFare systemYear
AustriaViennaVienna U-Bahn49%Flat rate2008[23]
GermanyBerlinBerliner Verkehrsbetriebe70%Zone based2010[24]
BelgiumBrusselsBrussels Intercommunal Transport Company35%2007[25]
CzechiaPraguePrague Integrated Transport17%Flat rate2022[26]
DenmarkCopenhagenCopenhagen Metro93.5%Zone based2023[27]
FranceParisÎle-de-France Mobilités29%Flat rate for passes
Distance based for tickets		2018[28]
GermanyMunichMunich Transport and Tariff Association70%Zone based2010[29]
ItalyMilanMilan Transportation System49%2016[27]
RomeRome Metro36%2007[25]
NetherlandsAmsterdamGemeentelijk Vervoerbedrijf Amsterdam88%Distance based2018[30]
RotterdamRotterdamse Elektrische Tram99%Distance based2018[31]
PolandWarsawZTM37%2019[32]
SpainCataloniaMetropolitan lines ofFerrocarrils de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Catalonia)93%Zone based2014[33]
MadridMadrid Metro41%2007[25]
SwedenStockholmStorstockholms Lokaltrafik52%Flat rate2017[34]
Östergötland CountyÖstgötatrafiken43%Zone based2023[35]
SwitzerlandZurichZürich S-Bahn60%Zone based2014[27]
FinlandHelsinkiHelsinki Regional Transport Authority49%[36]Zone based2019
TurkeyIstanbulMetro Istanbul A.S.90%Flat rate2019[37]
United KingdomLondonLondon Underground129.50%[38]Zone based2022-2023[38]
London Overground andDocklands Light Railway94%[39]Zone based2018–19[39]

North America

[edit]

Canada

[edit]
Canada Farebox recovery rate
RegionOperatorFare Revenue ($000s, CAD)Operating Expenses ($000s, CAD)RatioFare SystemYear
NationwideVIA Rail$408,400$812,50050.3%[40]Distance & demand based2023[41]
BramptonBrampton Transit$125,102$233,75253.5%[40]Flat rate2024[42]
CalgaryCalgary Transit$147,400[43]$437,90033.7%[40]Flat rate2023[44]
EdmontonEdmonton Transit System$123,841$623,51319.9%[40]Flat rate2024[45]
MississaugaMiWay$101,400[46]$215,800[46]47%Flat rate2024[47]
MontrealSociété de transport de Montréal46%Flat rate2016[48]
OttawaOC Transpo$289,773$724,38640.0%[40]Flat rate2024[49]
Quebec CityRéseau de transport de la Capitale39%Flat rate2011[47]
Greater Toronto and Hamilton AreaGO Transit$429,200$1,816,90023.6%[40]Distance based2023[50]
TorontoToronto Transit Commission$937,934$2,392,24539.2%[40]Flat rate2023[51]
VancouverTransLink43.7%Zone based; transition to distance based upcoming2022[52]
VictoriaBC Transit (Victoria regional transit system)28.4%Flat rate2022[53]
WinnipegWinnipeg Transit$92,544$218,98542.3%[40]Flat rate2024[54]
Regional Municipality of YorkYork Region Transit$75,000[55]$304,29124.6%[40]Flat rate2024[56]

United States

[edit]
This section needs to beupdated. The reason given is:https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/2022-10/Top%2050%20Profiles.pdf. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(October 2025)
RegionSystem OperatorFare RevenueOperating ExpensesRatioFare SystemYear
NationwideAmtrak$2,991,500,000$3,626,800,00081.1%Distance & demand based2024[57]
Montgomery County MD,DCRideOn$5,276,327$178,136,9703%Flat Rate2023[58]
Northern Virginia,DCVRE (Virginia Railway Express)$28,000,000$190,000,00015%Distance based2023[59]
Boston, MA-NH-RIMBTA$545,414,783.00$1,556,792,859.0020.5%Flat rate[60]2023[61]
New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CTNYC Ferry29%Flat Rate2017[62]
MTA Bus$95,403,036.00$712,036,903.0013.40%2020[63]
MTA Long Island Rail Road$272,532,791.00$1,464,445,571.0018.61%Zone based[64]2020[63]
MTA Metro-North$243,671,760.00$1,207,182,081.0020.19%Distance based[64]2020[63]
MTA New York City Transit$2,018,495,902.00$8,258,335,723.0024.44%Flat rate[64]2020[63]
MTA Staten Island Railway11%Flat rate2019[64]
PATH$73,263,022.00$448,244,536.0016.34%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
NYCDOT$1,342,638.00$144,618,026.000.93%Free (Staten Island Ferry)2020[63]
NJTransit$743,742,067.00$2,325,547,904.0031.98%Zone based on most Buses and all commuter trains
Flat Rate on some buses and all light rails[65]		2020[63]
Bee-Line Bus System$18,698,988.00$161,250,867.0011.60%2020[63]
Chicago, IL-INCTA$236,301,686.00$1,436,453,698.0016.45%Flat rate[66]2020[63]
METRA$102,350,491.00$710,195,494.0014.41%Zone based[65]2020[63]
Atlanta, GAMetropolitan Atlanta Rapid Transit Authority$100,300,226.00$492,839,897.0020.35%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Portland, OR-WATriMET$94,456,931.00$518,451,362.0018.22%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Baltimore, MDMTA$102,029,183.00$805,145,982.0012.67%Variable[67]2020[63]
San Diego, CASDMTS$78,709,562.00$291,553,478.0027.00%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Houston, TXHouston Metro$37,305,222.00$587,595,095.006.35%2020[63]
Miami, FLCounty of Miami-Dade (Transportation & Public Work)$47,456,089.00$553,336,216.008.58%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Denver-Aurora, CORTD$76,264,572.00$623,982,843.0012.22%Zone Based[68]2020[63]
Pittsburgh, PAPRT$79,071,495.00$434,687,600.0018.19%2020[63]
Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TXDART$43,547,629.00$569,628,198.007.64%Flat rate[69]2020[63]
Honolulu, HICity and County of Honolulu (Department of Transportation Services)$46,815,334.00$278,447,442.0016.81%2020[63]
San Francisco-Oakland, CASFMTA$153,699,058.00$903,485,983.0017.01%Flat rate[70]2020[63]
BART$341,586,797.00$681,983,690.0050.09%Distance based[71]2020[63]
AC Transit$66,561,904.00$501,047,399.0013.28%2020[63]
Oakland Airport Connector96%Flat rate2015–2016[72]
Minneapolis-St. Paul, MN-WIMetro Transit$40,804,932.00$413,038,880.009.88%Flat rate with rush hour and express surcharges[65]2020[63]
Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim, CAOrange County Transportation Authority$42,450,631.00$268,394,220.0015.82%2020[63]
LA Metro$199,728,314.00$1,841,473,552.0010.85%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Long Beach Transit$10,201,475.00$92,339,794.0011.05%2020[63]
Phoenix-Mesa, AZValley Metro$21,292,051.00$208,489,994.0010.21%2020[63]
San Antonio, TXVIA Metropolitan Transit$15,033,510.00$222,032,078.006.77%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
St. Louis, MO-ILSt. Louis Metro$30,986,092.00$282,175,101.0010.98%2020[63]
San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CAVTA$28,886,823.00$403,260,461.007.16%2020[63]
Buffalo, NYNFTA$34,814,699.00$141,163,925.0024.66%2020[63]
Salt Lake City-West Valley City, UTUTA$32,521,480.00$319,885,004.0010.17%2020[63]
Austin-Round Rock- San Marcos, TXCapMetro$15,298,332.00$229,551,099.006.66%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Charlotte, NC-SCCATS$21,018,416.00$162,317,729.0012.95%2020[63]
Detroit–Warren–Dearborn, MIDDOT$13,954,074.00$101,100,585.0013.80%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Miami–Fort Lauderdale–West Palm Beach, FLBCT$13,814,362.00$158,832,625.008.70%2020[63]
Milwaukee–Waukesha, WIMCTS$16,739,398.00$141,752,155.0011.81%2020[63]
Orlando–Kissimmee–Sanford, FLLynx$13,596,128.00$139,097,081.009.77%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Sacramento, CASacRT$21,517,225.00$173,873,225.0012.38%2020[63]
Cleveland–Elyria, OHRTA$26,194,783.00$259,797,759.0010.08%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
Washington, DC-VA-MDWashington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority$492,953,775.00$2,028,885,121.0024.30%Distance based[73]2020[63]
Montgomery County, Maryland$13,387,860.00$127,225,668.0010.52%2020[63]
Seattle, WAKing County Metro bus8.9%Flat[74]2022[75]
Washington State Ferries51%Route Based2023[76]
Sound Transit Express Bus$14,403,774$144,174,45410%Zone & distance based2023[77]
Sound Transit Link Light Rail$32,358,465$205,314,45116%Zone & distance based2023[77]
Sound Transit Sounder Regional Rail$4,966,273$65,649,8218%Zone & distance based2023[77]
Pierce Transit$54,164,161$127,654,97442%Flat rate2021[78]
Albany-Schenectady, NYCDTA$20,804,704.00$93,755,632.0022.19%2020[63]
Harrisburg, PACapital Area Transit$2,398,430$20,278,76517%Flat rate2022[79]
Las Vegas-Henderson, NVLas Vegas Monorail56%Flat rate2016[71]
RTC$51,823,479.00$227,523,119.0022.78%2020[63]
Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MDSEPTA$353,276,517.00$1,301,894,928.0027.14%Flat rate[65]2020[63]
PATCO$15,542,809$63,349,39825%Distance based2023[80]
Orlando, FLSunRail7%Distance based2018[81]
Peninsula Corridor Joint Powers Board (Caltrain)70%Zone based2019[82]
Santa Clara Valley Transportation Authority10%Express surcharges2016[83]
Southern California Regional Rail Authority (Metrolink)34%Distance based2019[84]

Oceania

[edit]
CountryRegionSystemRatioFare systemYear
AustraliaCanberraACTION6.3%Flat rate2024[85]
AustraliaBrisbaneTranslink (Queensland)24%Zone & time based2013[86]
AustraliaPerthTransperth23%Zone & time based2013[86]
AustraliaAdelaideAdelaide Metro21%Zone & time based2013[86]
AustraliaDarwinTransport in Darwin10%Zone & time based2013[86]
AustraliaHobartTransport in Hobart22%Zone & time based2013[86]
AustraliaMelbourneMelbourne30%Zone & time based2014[87]
AustraliaSydneySydney Trains20%Distance based2016[88]
AustraliaSydneyMetropolitan Bus System25%Distance based2016[88]
AustraliaSydneySydney Ferries32%Distance based2016[88]
New ZealandAucklandAuckland44%Zone based2012–13[89]
New ZealandChristchurchChristchurch35%Zone based2012–13[89]
New ZealandDunedinDunedin60%Zone based2015–16[89]
New ZealandHamiltonHamilton34%Flat rate2012–13[89]
New ZealandWellingtonWellington57%Zone based2012–13[89]

South America

[edit]
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References

[edit]
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  2. ^Dr. Jean-Paul Rodrigue,The Geography of Transport Systems, Third Edition, 2013
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  7. ^Combined both Franchise 1 & and Franchise 2.
  8. ^ab"Citybus & NWFB Fuller Disclosure 2021"(PDF).Bravo Transport Services Limited. Retrieved12 February 2023.
  9. ^abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacadaeafagahaiajakalamanao鉄道統計年報［平成30年度］：（5）－2 鉄・軌道業営業損益：((旅客収入 + 貨物収入) / 営業費合計(諸税･減価償却費を除く) ) * 100% (((Passenger revenue + Freight revenue)/(Operation cost before taxes and depreciation))*100%)
  10. ^"Budget"(PDF).kotsu.metro.tokyo.jp (in Japanese). Retrieved25 April 2017.
  11. ^abDr. Kenichi Shoji,"Lessons from Japanese Experiences of Roles of Public and Private Sectors in Urban Transport"Archived 8 October 2006 at theWayback Machine,Japan Railway & Transport Review, December 2001
  12. ^Saeed, Shahid (6 November 2014)."Why we need more Metro Buses".DAWN.COM. Retrieved6 November 2018.
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  14. ^"KMRT Annual Report".krtco.com.tw. Retrieved12 February 2023.
  15. ^"SMRT Fares & Claims". Retrieved29 July 2019.
  16. ^Fare schedule was adjusted from flat rate to distance-based on 2014 (Beijing Subway § Fares)
  17. ^地铁票背后的"算计"Archived 2024-03-02 at theWayback Machine(in Chinese) 01 Dec 2014
  18. ^Fare revenue / Associated costs (票款收入/票款成本). Associated costs (票款成本) includes depreciation."北京市基础设施投资有限公司2023年面向专业投资者公开发行公司债券（第一期）募集说明书"(PDF).Shanghai Stock Exchange. Retrieved2 March 2024.
  19. ^Total expenses to fare revenue ratio-1 (成本费用占营业收入的比重)
  20. ^"2021年年度报告"(PDF).Shenzhen Metro Group. 5 July 2022. Retrieved12 February 2023.
  21. ^ab1/(100%-gross margin of passenger service) (1/(100%-地铁运营业务毛利率))"广州地铁集团有限公司 2023 年度跟踪评级报告"(PDF).Shanghai Stock Exchange. Retrieved2 March 2024.
  22. ^85.0% if divide Operating Revenues by Total Operating Cost (营业收入/营业总成本). Operating Revenues include fare, advertisement, real estate, R&D, government subsidy etc. Total Operating Cost includes capital expenses."2021年报"(PDF).Guangzhou Metro. 5 July 2022. Archived from the original on 19 December 2022. Retrieved19 December 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
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  43. ^Calculated from $175.6 (million, CAD) total revenue and non fare revenue growth of "$4.7 million (or 20 per cent)" for a calculated non-fare revenue of $28.2 million CAD
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  46. ^abExtrapolated from $114,407 (k, CAD) in shortfall funding and 47% cost recovery (p. 184)
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  48. ^Annual report 2016 stm.info
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