Fangshan 房山区 | |
|---|---|
 Entrance toZhoukoudian Peking Man Site | |
 Location of Fangshan District in Beijing | |
 Interactive map of Fangshan | |
| Coordinates (Fangshan government):39°44′52″N116°08′13″E / 39.74778°N 116.13694°E /39.74778; 116.13694 | |
| Country | People's Republic of China |
| Municipality | Beijing |
| Township-level divisions | 8 subdistricts 14 towns 6 townships |
| Area | |
• Total | 2,019 km2 (780 sq mi) |
| Population (2020 census) | |
• Total | 1,312,778 |
| • Density | 650.2/km2 (1,684/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+8 (China Standard) |
| Area code | 010 |
| Website | www |
Fangshan District (Chinese:房山区;pinyin:Fángshān Qū) is a district of the city ofBeijing. It is situated in the southwest of Beijing, 38 km (24 mi) away from downtown Beijing. It has an area of 2,019 square kilometres (780 sq mi) and a population of 1,312,778 (2020 Census).[1]
The district administers 8subdistricts, 14towns, and 6townships.
The Subdistrict area of Fangshan (population 187,667) contains an urban area, has an area of 25 km2 (9.7 sq mi) and an estimated population of 200,000.[when?][citation needed] Other major urban areas areLiangxiang (population estimate 110,000, 93,486 in township), Zhoukoudian (35,000, 39,877 in township), Doudian (30,000, 25,046 in township), and Liulihe (22,000, 37,936 in township).[2]
Fangshan is situated to the east of theTaihang Mountains, with most of its territory being within Beijing'sWestern Hills region. The east and south of the district is a fertile plain, with a narrow hilly area running from northeast to southwest. The district has many rivers and lakes; theJuma River, Dashi River,Yongding River, and Xiaoqing River run through the district, assuring abundant water resources.
The location, climate and environment provide good conditions for agriculture. The district produces wheat, rice and various high quality fruits as well as large quantities of animal products. At the moment large investments are made for greenhouse production.
Fangshan has ahumid continental climate (Köppen climate classificationDwa). The average annual temperature in Fangshan is 12.5 °C (54.5 °F). The average annual rainfall is 542.6 mm (21.36 in) with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 26.6 °C (79.9 °F), and lowest in January, at around −3.9 °C (25.0 °F).
| Climate data for Fangshan District, elevation 49 m (161 ft), (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1981–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 13.6 (56.5) | 24.6 (76.3) | 29.5 (85.1) | 32.9 (91.2) | 39.3 (102.7) | 39.8 (103.6) | 40.3 (104.5) | 38.4 (101.1) | 37.5 (99.5) | 31.0 (87.8) | 23.3 (73.9) | 15.5 (59.9) | 40.3 (104.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 2.2 (36.0) | 6.1 (43.0) | 13.2 (55.8) | 20.9 (69.6) | 26.9 (80.4) | 30.6 (87.1) | 31.4 (88.5) | 30.3 (86.5) | 26.2 (79.2) | 19.2 (66.6) | 10.2 (50.4) | 3.6 (38.5) | 18.4 (65.1) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | −3.9 (25.0) | −0.1 (31.8) | 7.0 (44.6) | 14.8 (58.6) | 20.8 (69.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 26.6 (79.9) | 25.3 (77.5) | 20.1 (68.2) | 12.8 (55.0) | 4.3 (39.7) | −2.1 (28.2) | 12.5 (54.5) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −8.7 (16.3) | −5.3 (22.5) | 1.1 (34.0) | 8.2 (46.8) | 14.1 (57.4) | 19.1 (66.4) | 22.2 (72.0) | 20.9 (69.6) | 14.9 (58.8) | 7.4 (45.3) | −0.6 (30.9) | −6.5 (20.3) | 7.2 (45.0) |
| Record low °C (°F) | −20.4 (−4.7) | −17.6 (0.3) | −11.4 (11.5) | −3.5 (25.7) | 2.1 (35.8) | 8.8 (47.8) | 14.5 (58.1) | 12.7 (54.9) | 3.4 (38.1) | −4.4 (24.1) | −12.3 (9.9) | −16.7 (1.9) | −20.4 (−4.7) |
| Averageprecipitation mm (inches) | 1.8 (0.07) | 5.0 (0.20) | 8.7 (0.34) | 21.5 (0.85) | 34.7 (1.37) | 71.4 (2.81) | 183.9 (7.24) | 117.1 (4.61) | 55.6 (2.19) | 28.3 (1.11) | 12.5 (0.49) | 2.1 (0.08) | 542.6 (21.36) |
| Average precipitation days(≥ 0.1 mm) | 1.4 | 2.3 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 10.7 | 7.5 | 5.2 | 3.0 | 1.6 | 68.8 |
| Average snowy days | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.8 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1.5 | 2.2 | 9.1 |
| Averagerelative humidity (%) | 50 | 46 | 43 | 47 | 52 | 61 | 74 | 76 | 72 | 66 | 60 | 53 | 58 |
| Mean monthlysunshine hours | 167.6 | 171.8 | 211.8 | 231.0 | 256.5 | 214.0 | 180.5 | 199.7 | 198.1 | 189.5 | 154.7 | 158.7 | 2,333.9 |
| Percentagepossible sunshine | 55 | 56 | 57 | 58 | 58 | 48 | 40 | 47 | 54 | 56 | 52 | 55 | 53 |
| Source:China Meteorological Administration[3][4] | |||||||||||||
Jingguang railway andJingyuan railway cross the district. In addition, the district is serviced by 4 branch railways and 24 railway stations.Jingshi Expressway also goes through the district. The four main roads are the Jing-Zhou, Jing-Bao, Jing-Yuan, Jing-Liang roads, with branch roads totownships andvillages. The total length of roads is up to 1,800 km (1,100 mi).Tanggu Port inTianjin is 180 km (110 mi) distant. The programme-controlled telephone capacity supports 128,000 phone sets.
Fangshan is currently served by two metro lines operated byBeijing Subway:
Fangshan line -Daotian,Changyang,Libafang,Guangyangcheng,Liangxiang University Town North,Liangxiang University Town,Liangxiang University Town West,Liangxiangnanguan,Suzhuang,Yancun East
Yanfang line -Yancun East,Zicaowu,Yancun,Xingcheng,Dashihe East,Magezhuang,Raolefu,Fangshan Chengguan,YanshanFangshan is also served by one suburban railway line:
As of 2025, the district contains 8subdistricts, 14towns, and 6townships.[5]
| Name | Chinese (S) | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2010)[6] | Area (km2) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gongchen Subdistrict | 拱辰街道 | Gǒngchén Jiēdào | 132,320 | 24.70 | |
| Chengguan Subdistrict | 城关街道 | Chéngguān Jiēdào | 96,243 | 51.00 | |
| Xinzhen Subdistrict | 新镇街道 | Xīnzhèn Jiēdào | 8,842 | 1.72 | |
| Xilu Subdistrict | 西潞街道 | Xīlù Jiēdào | 64,757 | 10.40 | |
| Xiangyang Subdistrict | 向阳街道 | Xiàngyáng Jiēdào | 8,569 | 116.00 | |
| Dongfeng Subdistrict | 东风街道 | Dōngfēng Jiēdào | 24,321 | 1.40 | |
| Yingfeng Subdistrict | 迎风街道 | Yíngfēng Jiēdào | 31,293 | 13.00 | |
| Xingcheng Subdistrict | 星城街道 | Xīngchéng Jiēdào | 21,861 | 0.21 | |
| Liangxiang town | 良乡镇 | Liángxiāng Zhèn | 18,978 | 33.90 | |
| Zhoukoudian town | 周口店镇 | Zhōukǒudiàn Zhèn | 42,840 | 126.00 | |
| Liulihe town | 琉璃河镇 | Liúlíhé Zhèn | 59,931 | 104.00 | |
| Yancun town | 阎村镇 | Yáncūn Zhèn | 48,773 | 48.00 | |
| Doudian town | 窦店镇 | Dòudiàn Zhèn | 65,574 | 64.58 | |
| Shilou town | 石楼镇 | Shílóu Zhèn | 28,902 | 42.50 | |
| Changyang town | 长阳镇 | Chángyáng Zhèn | 64,996 | 98.60 | |
| Hebei town | 河北镇 | Héběi Zhèn | 19,877 | 70.00 | |
| Changgou town | 长沟镇 | Chánggōu Zhèn | 23,791 | 38.70 | |
| Dashiwo town | 大石窝镇 | Dàshíwō Zhèn | 31,139 | 96.00 | |
| Zhangfang town | 张坊镇 | Zhāngfāng Zhèn | 18,446 | 152.40 | |
| Shidu town | 十渡镇 | Shídù Zhèn | 9,778 | 301.00 | |
| Qinglonghu town | 青龙湖镇 | Qīnglónghú Zhèn | 44,598 | 95.83 | |
| Hancunhe town | 韩村河镇 | Háncūnhé Zhèn | 39,210 | 100.67 | |
| Xiayunling Township | 霞云岭乡 | Xiáyúnlǐng Xiāng | 7,140 | 218.00 | |
| Nanjiao Township | 南窖乡 | Nánjiào Xiāng | 3,739 | 40.00 | |
| Fozizhuang Township | 佛子庄乡 | Fúzizhuāng Xiāng | 8,925 | 150.06 | |
| Da'anshan Township | 大安山乡 | Dà'ānshān Xiāng | 11,217 | 70.00 | |
| Shijiaying Township | 史家营乡 | Shǐjiāyíng Xiāng | 6,300 | 110.00 | |
| Puwa Township | 蒲洼乡 | Púwā Xiāng | 2,472 | 96.00 | |
In 2017, the regional GDP of the district is 68.17 billion yuan,[7] with GDP per capita at 59.1 thousand yuan.
Fangshan has 2.1 billion tons ofcoal reserves, which makes it a veritable “coal storehouse” in the west of Beijing; building materials resources are also present in a variety of large deposits. Marble deposits total 450 million cubic meters. A total of 17 kinds have been developed, including "Chinese white marble", "pink", "rosy cloud", and "black jade". In particular, “Chinese whitemarble” is famous worldwide and is regarded as a national treasure. There are also large deposits ofquartzite (29 million tons);silica (28.6 million tons),granite andbuhrstone, in addition toargil,mineral water andslab stones.
Both industry and agriculture are well developed in Fangshan. Over 2300enterprises owned by the district, townships or villages have been set up and form a complete industrial system in a variety of trades, with different grades and many kinds of products.Yanshan Petrochemical Group, one of the largest state-owned enterprises in China, is located in Fangshan District.Agriculture has developed from traditional growing and planting to integrated and full development inforestry,livestock, greenhouse horticulture andfishery. Thebuilding industry has become the backbone of the district, with annual building area reaching 6 million square meters.
The foreign-oriented economy of Fangshan has developed rapidly in recent years. By 1999, the District government had approved 345 foreign-invested enterprises. Over 20 countries and territories throughout five continents are represented. There are 100 export-oriented enterprises producing over 40 kinds of product. Liangxiang Satellite Town, approved by Beijing Municipal Government, has become a new hub of development. In 1998, the site of Fangshan People's Government moved toLiangxiang, making it the district's center of politics, economics and culture. The development Zone of Liangxiang extends favorable policies to business. Under theNinth Five-Year Plan and Ten-year Outline, the zone will be further opened to the outside and encourage foreign investment in the following industries: electricity, machinery and electronics, instruments, textiles, printing, new building materials, new materials, new energy resources, fine chemicals, food processing, flowers, greenhouse vegetables, tourist facilities, commercial facilities and the animal industry. The zone welcomes overseas Chinese and guests fromHong Kong,Macau,Taiwan and other countries.
Tertiary:
TheBeijing Military City, the new military headquarters of the PRC, which will be 10 times larger thanThe Pentagon in the USA, is currently being built in the Fangshan district.[8][9][10]
.JPG)
Fangshan district has a long history and many ancient sites. Best known isZhoukoudian, location of the “Peking Man Site”, which has gained Fangshan the name of “Home of the Dragon”. The 3,000-year-old ruins of the Liulihe Site are housed in theWestern Zhou Yan State Capital Museum. The famous Buddhist shrine ofYunju Temple has precious Buddhist relics, including “Sakyamuni’s Bone” and 14,278 stone slabs with sculpted Buddhist sutras. There are also the remains of the Christian (Jingjiao)Monastery of the Cross from theYuan dynasty. There are many ancient towers,temples, town sites and other sites in Fangshan. Fangshan also has many scenic spots likeShidu’skarst landscape, the unique Stoneflower Cave and natural ancient forests inShangfang Mountains. Ecologically, Fangshan has 554 kinds of wild plant and 22 kinds of wild animal.
Fangshan, which is part ofBeijing, and neighboringHebei, together contain FangshanGeopark. Certified as a NationalGeopark, and then as a regional geopark (Asia Pacific Geopark Network), it was admitted as aUNESCO Global Geopark in 2006.[11]
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