| Fan death | |
 Electric fans sold in South Korea | |
| Korean name | |
|---|---|
| Hangul | 선풍기 사망설 |
| Hanja | 扇風機 死亡說 |
| RR | seonpunggi samangseol |
| MR | sŏnp'unggi samangsŏl |
Fan death is a misconception that people have died as a result of running anelectric fan in a closed room with no open windows. While the supposed mechanics of fan death are impossible given how electric fans operate, belief in fan death persisted to the mid-2000s in South Korea,[1][2][3] and also to a lesser extent in Japan.[4][5]
Where the idea came from is unclear, but fears about electric fans date back to their introduction to Korea, with stories dating to the 1920s and 1930s warning of the risks ofnausea,asphyxiation, andfacial paralysis from the new technology.[6][7]
Oneconspiracy theory is that the South Korean government created or perpetuated the myth aspropaganda tocurb the energy consumption of South Korean households during the1970s energy crisis, butSlate reports that the myth is much older than that—probably as far back as the introduction of electric fans in Korea, and cites a 1927 article about "Strange Harm from Electric Fans".[6][8]
Air movement will increase sweat evaporation, which cools the body. But in extreme heat and high humidity, sweat evaporation becomes ineffective, so theheat stress placed on the body increases, potentially speeding the onset of heat exhaustion and other detrimental conditions: The AmericanEnvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) discourages people from using fans in closed rooms without ventilation when theheat index (a combination of temperature and humidity) is above 32 °C (89.6 °F). The EPA does, however, approve of using a fan if a window is open and it is cooler outside, or in a closed room when the heat index is lower.[9]
Hypothermia is abnormally lowbody temperature caused by inadequatethermoregulation. As themetabolism slows down at night, one becomes moresensitive to temperature, and thus supposedly more prone to hypothermia. Most at risk would be someone in frail health over an extended period of time. Investigative autopsies of purported fan death victims showed that issues likeheart problems andalcoholism may have been exacerbated by the temperature drop, thus allowing the victims to succumb to that illness more easily.[10]
It is alleged that fans may causeasphyxiation by oxygen displacement and carbon dioxide intoxication.[10][11][12][13] In the process ofhuman respiration, inhaled fresh air is exhaled with a lower concentration of oxygen gas (O2) and higher concentration of carbon dioxide gas (CO2), causing a gradual reduction of O2 and buildup of CO2 in a completely unventilated room.[14] However, this is true of any room without ventilation, and a running fan will not greatly improve or worsen the problem, except in zero-gravity environments where exhaled air tends to form a bubble around astronauts' heads instead of dispersing normally.[15]
During the summer, mainstream South Korean news sources regularly report alleged cases of fan death. A typical example is this excerpt from the July 4, 2011, edition ofThe Korea Herald, an English-language newspaper:
A man reportedly died on Monday morning after sleeping with an electric fan running. The 59-year-old victim, only known by his surname Min, was found dead with the fan fixed directly at him.[16]
This article also noted there was "no evidence" the fan caused the death, however. University of Miami researcher Larry Kalkstein says a misunderstanding in translation resulted in his accidental endorsement of the fan death theory, which he denies is a real phenomenon.[17]
Ken Jennings, writing forSlate, says that based on "a recent email survey of contacts in Korea", opinion seems to be shifting among younger Koreans: "A decade of Internet skepticism seems to have accomplished what the preceding 75 years could not: convinced a nation that Korean fan death is probably hot air."[6]
Philip Hiscock, when interviewed byThe Star, suggested that fan death's prevalence in Korean beliefs and its potential as aeuphemism contributed to the idea's continuation, "Traditional fairy legends (or) contemporary UFO abductions are used for things that are either inadmissible or untellable in present company. The fact that fan death is well known in Korea (and) can be used to postpone explanations or cover up the truth is very interesting and a very traditional way of going about things."[18]
TheKorea Consumer Protection Board (KCPB), aSouth Korean government-fundedpublic agency, issued a consumer safety alert in 2006 warning that "asphyxiation from electric fans andair conditioners" was among South Korea's five most common summer accidents or injuries, according to data they collected.[19] The KCPB published the following:
If bodies are exposed to electric fans or air conditioners for too long, it causes [the] bodies to lose water and [causes]hypothermia. If directly in contact with [air current from] a fan, this could lead to death from [an] increase ofcarbon dioxide saturation concentration and decrease of oxygen concentration. The risks are higher for the elderly and patients with respiratory problems. From 2003 [to] 2005, a total of 20 cases were reported through the CISS [Consumer Injury Surveillance System] involving asphyxiations caused by leaving electric fans and air conditioners on while sleeping. To prevent asphyxiation, timers should be set, wind direction should be rotated, and doors should be left open.
