In mostprovinces of Canada, the third Monday in February is observed as aregional statutory holiday, typically known in general asFamily Day (French:Jour de la famille)—though some provinces use their own names, as they celebrate the day for different reasons. The third Monday of February is observed as "Family Day" in the provinces ofAlberta,British Columbia (BC),New Brunswick,Ontario, andSaskatchewan; asLouis Riel Day inManitoba; asNova Scotia Heritage Day inNova Scotia; and asIslander Day inPrince Edward Island.^[1]

In Canada more generally, the third Monday in February has also been celebrated asHeritage Day, though this is not as an official holiday. This "Heritage Day" is observed by some in celebration of the country’s collectivehistory,architecture, andcultural heritage.^[2][3]

InQuebec andthe three territories, the third Monday in February is a regularworking day. The same is true inNewfoundland and Labrador except inCorner Brook, where it is an unnamed civic holiday. InYukon, however, one Friday in February (typically the last/near-last Friday)—rather than a Monday—is deemedYukon Heritage Day.

Two-thirds of Canadians live in a province that observes a February statutory holiday. Some provinces have changed the observance day of their holiday to match the other provinces.^[4] As Family Day is not afederal statutory holiday,employees of the federal government (such aspublic servants andpostal workers) work on this day in all provinces. The timing of Family Day also coincides with the United States' holiday ofPresidents' Day (also known as Washington's Birthday, among other names).

Family Day inAlberta was first celebrated in 1990,^[5] making it the only province to have a statutory holiday in February until Saskatchewan began observing the day in 2007.^[6][7]

The holiday was proclaimed byLieutenant GovernorHelen Hunley, on the advice of herpremier,Don Getty. Premier Getty said that it was important for Albertans to spend time with their families, and that this holiday would emphasize the importance of family values. The date was chosen to coincide withWashington's Birthday, in order to avoid disrupting trade with the United States.^[8]

Getty faced considerable criticism at the time; many employers felt an additional statutory holiday was an unnecessary financial burden. In response,Heritage Day was downgraded to acivic holiday, meaning employers would not be required to observe it. Under Alberta law, the employer may choose to observe Heritage Day as a general holiday, under which rules applying to general holiday pay will be used.^[9]

In October 2005 thePremier ofSaskatchewan,Lorne Calvert, proposed Family Day for the province, starting in 2007.^[10] The bill for theLabour Standards Amendment Act, 2006, was introduced in the legislature on November 1, 2006, and receivedRoyal Assent on December 6.^[11] The Act officially declares Family Day on the third Monday of each February;^[12] the first Family Day in Saskatchewan was February 19, 2007.^[7]

During theOntarioprovincial election in 2007,Dalton McGuinty (Liberal Party) promised that, if re-electedpremier, he would establish a provincial holiday in February. On October 12, 2007, theprovincial government established Family Day on the third Monday in February, to be first observed on February 18, 2008. Its creation raised Ontario's number of statutory holidays to nine per year.^[13] However, this holiday does not necessarily add to the number of holidays Ontarians receive, because employers can substitute any non-statutory holidays that employees may already be receiving in lieu of this day. Many employers have substituted the popularCivic Holiday, which falls on the first Monday in August. Although the Civic Holiday is enjoyed by millions every year, it is not designated as a public (statutory) holiday under theEmployment Standards Act, and workers may have to choose one holiday or the other, based on their contract, union negotiations, service requirements, etc.^[14]

InBritish Columbia, aprivate member's bill to establish Family Day on the third Monday in February was introduced in theBC Legislature by Liberal MLABob Chisholm in 1994 but failed to pass.^[15] Although there were renewed calls to introduce Family Day in BC between 2007 and 2011, it was opposed by the BC Chamber of Commerce and the government ofGordon Campbell.^[16][17]

On January 10, 2011, while running for the leadership of theBC Liberal Party,Christy Clark proposed establishing a Family Day holiday on the third Monday of February. Clark subsequently became premier; theSpeech from the Throne, delivered on October 3, 2011, said that BC would observe its first Family Day on February 18, 2013.^[18]

In 2012, a two-week consultation process was held in order to determine if British Columbians preferred the holiday to fall on the second or third Monday in February.^[19] On May 28, 2012, it was announced that Family Day would be observed on the second Monday in February each year, starting February 11, 2013.^[20] As this did not coincide with Presidents Day, it also provided two consecutive long weekends for tourism, particularly at BC's many ski resorts.^[4]

On February 9, 2018, theGovernment of British Columbia announced that Family Day would be moved to the 3rd Monday in February in 2019, to align their holiday with the rest of those provinces who observe it on that Monday.^[4]

On September 5, 2010, whilecampaigning for re-election inNew Brunswick,PremierShawn Graham promised to establish Family Day in his province if hisLiberal Party was returned to government,^[21] Graham did not win re-election.

However, the Liberalsreturned to government in September 2014; subsequently, in February 2016, the Liberal Government started studying the implementation of Family Day.^[22] On April 26, 2017, PremierBrian Gallant announced that New Brunswick would become the newest province to observe Family Day, beginning on February 19, 2018.^[23]

Nationally, the third Monday in February has sometimes been celebrated asHeritage Day.^[2] This is not an official national holiday nor is it observed by the federal government. However, it is observed by some in celebration of the country’s collectivehistory,architecture, andcultural heritage.^{[2][3][24][25]}

Heritage Day was created in 1973 by theHeritage Canada Foundation in order to preserve and promote Canada’s historical, natural, and architectural heritage. Each year, Heritage Canada chooses a different theme for the Heritage Day celebrations.^[2][26] These celebrations can also be week-long, beginning with the third Monday of February, in which case it is known asHeritage Week.^{[27][24][26][28]}

Several attempts have been made since 1973 to try and make Heritage Day a statutory holiday, but to no avail.^[29] (The federal government does, however, celebrateNational Flag Day annually on February 15, but it is not a holiday.)^[30]

Louis Riel Day (French:Journée Louis Riel) is recognized as astatutory holiday (or "general holiday") inManitoba by law; as such, (most) employees in the province either have this day off with pay, or are paid differently if they do work.^[31] The name is in honour ofLouis Riel, theMétis leader who led the fight to maintainaboriginal andfrancophone rights.^[7] The federalGovernment of Canada (and perhaps other parts of Canada) also celebrates a "Louis Riel Day" but on November 16, the anniversary of Riel's death. This day, however, is not a recognized holiday.^[32][33][34]

In February 2007, it was reported that theManitoba government was considering a February holiday. That year, Manitoba school students were invited to name the new holiday; 114 responded with suggestions that reflected Manitoba’s citizenship, history, culture, arts, sports, and significant historical individuals. Some suggestions were "Bison Break", "Spirited Energy Day", and "Winnipeg Jets Day". The winning entry was "Louis Riel Day", which was submitted by 11 schools who were subsequently awardedCA$1,000 grants to purchase materials for their school library.^[7][35]

Legislation proclaiming the third Monday in February as "Louis Riel Day" was passed byManitoba's Legislative Assembly on April 17, 2007, and first celebrated February 18, 2008.^[7] This holiday also coincides with the annual celebration of theFestival Du Voyageur inWinnipeg.^[36]

Theprovincial government ofPrince Edward Island introducedIslander Day (French:Fête des Insulaires) in 2009, due to the rising trend of a holiday in February. It was first held on the second Monday of February in 2009, rather than the third Monday, as in other provinces. This incongruity effected much controversy, as businesses suffered as a result of being out of sync with their partners in other provinces, as well as the United States, which celebratesPresidents Day on the third Monday of February. In April 2009, Provincial Attorney GeneralGerard Greenan moved the holiday to the third Monday in February.^{[citation needed]}

After theprovincial Liberal Party was elected in2013, its leaderStephen McNeil said that he planned to create a February statutory holiday inNova Scotia.^[37] In December 2013, the government introduced a bill to create a holiday on the third Monday in February, starting in 2015.^[38][39]

The permanent name for the holiday,Nova Scotia Heritage Day (French:Jour du patrimoine de la Nouvelle-Écosse), was announced on June 26, 2014.^[40] Each year it honours a different person; the first wasViola Desmond.^[41] The first twelve, covering 2015 to 2026, were chosen by a three-member government appointed panel from suggestions offered by Nova Scotian school children.^[42] Other days have or will recognizeMi'kmaq heritage,Africville,Joseph Howe,Edward Francis Arab,Nora Bernard,Carrie Best,J. Willie Comeau,Grand-Pré National Historic Site,William Hall,Rita Joe,Maud Lewis, andMona Louise Parsons.^[43]

Civic Holiday is marked by the city ofCorner Brook,Newfoundland and Labrador, to coincide with the first weekend of its annual ten-day Winter Carnival. It is sometimes referred to asCarnival Day because of its long association with the festival, which was first celebrated in 1973. Most businesses are closed for the day, including provincial offices, even though it is not a province-wide holiday. The post offices remain open, as well as local schools, with the exception of grades k - 6, (which enjoy 3 hours off in the afternoon). It’s not a federal holiday.

Yukon Heritage Day (French:Journée du Patrimoine du Yukon) is a holiday observed inYukon on the Friday before the last Sunday of February.^[44][45][2] (This date is disputed by some.)^[46] Although the government and many businesses are closed on this day, it is not a statutory holiday.^[47]

Governments in the remaining jurisdictions without February holidays have come under some pressure to harmonize. Ontario's enactment of Family Day has meant the Canadian financial sector, including theToronto Stock Exchange, largely shuts down on this date. In 2008,federal NDP leaderJack Layton proposed that it be made a federal holiday.^[48] Not being a federal holiday, federally regulated workplaces (such as thepost office) work on Family Day regardless of the day's status in the respective provinces.

Despite the emphasis on positive social values, Family Day has controversial roots in Alberta as a means of political damage control. The late Progressive Conservative Party leader Don Getty had called a provincial election for March 20, 1989. At that time in 1988, new seat belt laws had been passed, and Getty was unhappy withSun columnist Don Wanagas for labeling him a "closet seat-belt abuser." The premier at a media scrum called out, "I maybe whack my kids, beat my wife, but I've never abused a seat belt in my life." The offensive quip received intense backlash from the public.^[49] Soon afterward, on August 18, 1988, Getty's 31-year-old son Dale was arrested in an Edmonton motel room for attempting to sell cocaine to an undercover Mountie. Six months later, the 1989 Throne Speech announced a new February holiday allowing families to spend more time together.^[50]

• Government of Alberta – Family DayArchived October 29, 2013, at theWayback Machine
• Government of British Columbia – Family DayArchived November 5, 2016, at theWayback Machine
• Government of Manitoba – Louis Riel Day
• Government of New Brunswick – Employment standards
• Government of Nova Scotia – Nova Scotia Heritage Day
• Government of Ontario – Family Day
• Government of Prince Edward Island – Islander Day
• Government of Saskatchewan – Designated holidaysArchived December 19, 2016, at theWayback Machine
• Government of Yukon – Employment standards

• February observances
• Public holidays in Canada
• Holidays in Alberta
• Holidays in British Columbia
• Holidays in Ontario
• Holidays in Nova Scotia
• Holidays in Yukon
• Culture of New Brunswick
• Culture of Prince Edward Island
• Culture of Saskatchewan
• Winter in Canada
• Family member holidays

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