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Fagales

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Order of flowering plants

Fagales
Temporal range:Late Cretaceous–Recent
Fagus sylvatica
Scientific classificationEdit this classification
Kingdom:Plantae
Clade:Tracheophytes
Clade:Angiosperms
Clade:Eudicots
Clade:Rosids
Clade:Fabids
Order:Fagales
Engl.[1]
Families
Synonyms
  • BetulalesMartius
  • CarpinalesDöll
  • CasuarinalesBerchtold & J. Presl
  • CasuarinanaeReveal & Doweld
  • CorylalesDumortier
  • FaganaeTakhtajan
  • JuglandalesBerchtold & J. Presl
  • JuglandanaeReveal
  • JuglandineaeThorne & Reveal
  • MyricalesMartius
  • MyricineaeThorne & Reveal
  • NothofagalesDoweld
  • QuercalesBurnett
  • RhoiptelealesReveal

TheFagales are anorder offlowering plants in therosid group ofdicotyledons, including some of the best-known trees. Well-known members of Fagales include:beeches,chestnuts,oaks,walnut,pecan,hickory,birches,alders,hazels,hornbeams,she-oaks, andsouthern beeches. The order name is derived fromgenusFagus (beeches).

Systematics

[edit]

Fagales include the following seven families, according to theAPG III system ofclassification:[1]

Modernmolecular phylogenetics suggest the following relationships:[1][citation needed]

The olderCronquist system only included four families (Betulaceae, Corylaceae, Fagaceae, Ticodendraceae; Corylaceae now being included within Betulaceae); this arrangement is followed by, for example, the World Checklist of selected plant families.[2] The other families were split into three different orders, placed among theHamamelidae. The Casuarinales comprised the single family Casuarinaceae, the Juglandales comprised the Juglandaceae and Rhoipteleaceae, and the Myricales comprised the remaining forms (plusBalanops). The change is due to studies suggesting the Myricales, so defined, areparaphyletic to the other two groups.

Characteristics

[edit]

Most Fagales are wind pollinated and aremonoecious with unisexual flowers.[3]

Evolutionary history

[edit]

The oldest member of the order is the flowerSoepadmoa cupulata preserved in the lateTuronian-ConiacianNew Jersey amber, which is amosaic with characteristics characteristic of bothNothofagus and other Fagales, suggesting that the ancestor of all Fagales wasNothofagus-like.[3]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcAngiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009), "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III",Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society,161 (2):105–121,doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x,hdl:10654/18083
  2. ^"Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Databases and Publications". Archived fromthe original on 3 February 2004. Retrieved16 October 2018.
  3. ^abGandolfo, Maria A.; Nixon, Kevin C.; Crepet, William L.; Grimaldi, David A. (August 2018)."A late Cretaceous fagalean inflorescence preserved in amber from New Jersey".American Journal of Botany.105 (8):1424–1435.doi:10.1002/ajb2.1103.PMID 29901855.

External links

[edit]
Magnoliids
Monocots
Commelinids
Rosids
Fabids
Malvids
Asterids
Campanulids
Lamiids
Fagales
National
Other
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