| FV432 | |
|---|---|
 An FV 432 armored personnel carrier of the 7th Brigade Royal Scots, crossing into Kuwait from southern Iraq duringOperation Granby. | |
| Type | Armoured personnel carrier |
| Place of origin | United Kingdom |
| Service history | |
| In service | 1963–present |
| Production history | |
| Manufacturer | GKN Sankey |
| Specifications | |
| Mass | 15 tons (15.3 t) |
| Length | 5.25 m (17 ft 3 in) |
| Width | 2.55 m (8 ft 4 in) |
| Height | 2.28 m (7 ft 6 in) |
| Crew | 2 + 10 troops |
| Armour | 12.7 mm max |
Main armament | 7.62 mmL7 General Purpose Machine Gun |
Secondary armament | smoke dischargers |
| Engine | Rolls-Royce K60 multi-fuel 240 hp (180 kW) |
| Power/weight | 15.7 hp/tonne |
| Suspension | torsion-bar, 5 road wheels |
Operational range | 580 km (360 mi) |
| Maximum speed | 52 km/h (32 mph) |
TheFV432 is thearmoured personnel carrier variant in theBritish Army'sFV430 series ofarmoured fighting vehicles. Since its introduction in the 1960s, it has been the most common variant, being used for transporting infantry on the battlefield. At its peak in the 1980s, almost 2,500 vehicles were in use.
Although the FV432 was to have been phased out of service in favour of newer vehicles such as theWarrior andCVR(T), 500 were upgraded to extend their service into the 2020s.[1]
In light of the army's need for additional armoured vehicles in the Afghan andIraqi theatres, theMinistry of Defence announced in August 2006 that an extra 70 vehicles would be upgraded byBAE Systems in addition to the 54 already ordered as part of their "force protection initiative". The improvements took the form of an engine upgrade, a new steering unit and a new braking system, as well as improvement in armour protection to a level similar to that of the Warrior.
Plates lined withKevlar have been added to the bottom hull to provide better protection againstimprovised explosive devices. It is intended that these FV432s will free up the Warrior vehicles for provision of reserve firepower status and/or rotation out of theatre. The updated version is called theBulldog.
The FV432 was designed to be the armoured personnel carrier in the FV430 series. Production started in 1962 byGKN Sankey and ended in 1971, after constructing approximately 3,000 vehicles.[citation needed]
The FV432 is of all-steel construction. The chassis is a conventional tracked design with the engine at the front and the driving position to the right. Directly behind the driver's position is the vehicle commander's hatch. There is a large round opening in the passenger compartment roof, which has a split/folding (concertina) hatch, and a (right hand) side-hinged door in the rear for loading and unloading. A 'Boiling Vessel' is mounted on the rear door to provide hot water and heating food. As in many designs of its era, there are no firing ports for the troops carried – British Army doctrine having been for troops to dismount from vehicles to fight, unlike Russian infantry fighting vehicles that largely incorporate ports. The passenger compartment has five seats on either side – these fold up to provide a flat cargo space.
AnNBC (nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons) system is fitted, normal ventilation provided by a fan mounted in the forward right hand side of the vehicle, air being drawn through a paper element filter (mounted externally on the right hand side of the hull), filtered air being distributed by a duct running around the perimeter of the interior at roof level, extending into the driver's compartment. Provision is made to add carbon filters in case of gas attack, and the system can accommodate heaters and/or air conditioning units. A roof-mounted relief valve allows a constant minimal pressure to be maintained and prevent ingress of foreign matter in the event of blast or alterations in external atmospheric pressure.
Wading screens and a trim vane were fitted as standard and an extension provided to elevate the exhaust pipe. The basic vehicle, which could be readied for wading in approximately five minutes, has a water speed of about 6 km/h when converted for swimming and was propelled by its tracks.[2] Most of these vehicles have had their amphibious capability removed.[citation needed]
FV432s in service with infantry battalions are equipped with a pintle-mountedL7 GPMG if not fitted with the Peak Engineering turret. Vehicles with the Royal Artillery, Royal Engineers and Royal Signals were originally fitted with the L4A4 variant of theBren light machine gun, but they now use the GPMG. When equipped with the GPMG, the vehicle carries 1,600 rounds of belted 7.62mm ammunition. When carrying the Bren LMG, the vehicle carried 1,400 rounds of 7.62mm ammunition in 50 magazines, each holding 28 rounds. There are two three-barrel smoke dischargers at the front.[citation needed]
TheAustralian Army evaluated two pre-production FV432s during 1962 and 1963, but decided topurchase M113 armoured personnel carriers instead. The trials undertaken inQueensland demonstrated that the M113's performance was superior to that of the FV432.[3]
A number of surplus vehicles were sold to theIndian Army after being withdrawn from UK service.
The FV432 has been produced in three major variants, the Mark 1 (with a Mark 1/1 minor variant) withpetrol engines, the Mark 2 with a Rolls-Royce K60 multi-fuel engine and the Mark 3 with a diesel engine. The Mark 2 minor variant, the 2/1, has its NBC pack flush with the hull side. An uparmoured variant, for use in Iraq and Afghanistan, of the Mark 3 was known as Bulldog. This name now appears to be extended to all Mark 3 versions of the FV432.[citation needed]
The FV432 has proven to be flexible in use and can be converted from one role to another with reasonable ease using 'installation kits' (IK), or more permanently with minor modifications to the hull. Major or more significant modifications have usually led to a new FV43n number. In addition to the normalarmoured personnel carrier role, it has been used as:
.jpg)
FV432s used by combat infantry units have also been equipped with:[2]
FV432s used by theRoyal Artillery have been equipped with:[2]
FV432s used by theRoyal Engineers have been equipped with:[2]
The need to upgrade the FV432 to extend its service life further led the MoD to sign an £85m contract withBAE Systems Land Systems to update over 1,000 FV 432s to Mark 3 standard. Major changes include a new diesel engine and braking system. Initially, only FV432 and 434 models were converted, but other variants are being considered. The first 500 of the batch were handed over to the British Army in December 2006.[1]
For service in Iraq and Afghanistan, air-conditioning, enhancedreactive armour and IED jammers were added. Initially, only these further enhanced versions were known by the name Bulldog. The term now applies to all Mark 3 vehicles.[7]
Mozambique: 40 received in 2013[8]
Ukraine: The British government is providing an unspecified number of FV432 Mark 3 Bulldogs to the Ukrainian Armed Forces.[9]
United Kingdom
