British stock market index
TheFinancial Times Stock Exchange 100 Index , also called theFTSE 100 Index ,FTSE 100 ,FTSE , or, informally, the "Footsie "/ˈ f ʊ t s i stock market indices and represents the 100 mosthighly capitalised blue chips listed on theLondon Stock Exchange .[ 1]
The index started on 3 January 1984,[ 2] [ 3] London Stock Exchange to better reflect activity on the market. The index would replace theFinancial Times ' ownFT 30 after its public unveiling on 14 February.[ 4] [ 5] Financial Times who had not contributed to its construction. Recognition was ultimately given to the fact that having the FT involved in the official launch possessed value.[ 6]
The new index allowed the Stock Exchange's own London Traded Options Market (LTOM) to launch anoptions contract derived from the FTSE's real-time data in May 1984, while competitorsLIFFE were quick to coincide their launch of thefutures contract .[ 7] [ 8] [ 9]
Usage of the index grew, although the tradeable index contracts struggled to gain traction: annual volume on the FTSE futures contract fell short of 89,000 in 1985, pale in comparison to the 15 million lots traded on theS&P 500 index contract.[ 10] Margaret Thatcher 's sweeping financial deregulation and high profile privatisations of index membersBritish Telecom ,British Gas , andBritish Aerospace had culminated in theBig Bang .[ 11] [ 12]
In 1987, privatisations continued withBritish Airways andBritish Petroleum . The latter concluded on the same day asBlack Monday , a crash in which the index fell 21.73% in two days; one of those days is still the index's worst single-day return, –12.22%.[ 11] [ 13]
By the spring of 1992 LTOM was sold to LIFFE for a nominal sum, consolidating derivatives of the FTSE 100 index into one exchange.[ 14] [ 15] [ 16] institutional domain since the significant investment required to deliverelectronic trading limited retail access at the time.[ 17] [ 18] Bank of England directed byHM Treasury underJohn Major's government failed to prop upsterling to maintain theEuropean Exchange Rate Mechanism . A swiftdevaluation of sterling onBlack Wednesday and exit from theERM benefitted the globally trading FTSE index constituents enormously asexports became cheaper overnight.[ 19] [ 20]
In 2024, there were the most delistings from the London market since the2008 financial crisis , with companies citing higher valuations and cheaper costs available by switching toNYSE . Among themAshtead Group ,CRH , andFlutter represented almost £120 billion in FTSE 100market capitalisation . Takeovers fromprivate equity further reduced the available pool of companies that could be drawn on to populate the index, withHargreaves Lansdown also set to delist. Across the entire exchange there were five delistings for every new issue, with speculation at the close of the year around the future of index stalwartsBritish American Tobacco ,Rio Tinto , andShell .[ 21]
Theindex has trading symbol UKX[ 1] FTSE Russell , a wholly ownedsubsidiary ofLondon Stock Exchange Group , which originated as a joint venture between theFinancial Times London Stock Exchange . It is calculated inreal time and published every second when the market is open.[ 2]
The FTSE 100 broadly consists of the largest 100 qualifying UK companies by full market value.[ 22] [ 23] exchange rates of the pound sterling.[ 24] FTSE 250 Index , as it contains a smaller proportion of international companies.[ 25]
Even though theFTSE All-Share Index is more comprehensive, the FTSE 100 is by far the most widely used UK stock market indicator. Other related indices are the FTSE 250 Index (which includes the next largest 250 companies after the FTSE 100), theFTSE 350 Index (which is the aggregation of the FTSE 100 and 250),FTSE SmallCap Index and theFTSE Fledgling Index . The FTSE All-Share aggregates the FTSE 100, FTSE 250 and FTSE SmallCap.[ 1]
The index consists of 18ICB Supersectors , four of which had a market capitalisation exceeding £200 billion as of 30 June 2025[update] Banks ,Health Care ,Industrial Goods and Services andEnergy , which together account for approximately 50% of the index's capitalisation.[ 26] AstraZeneca ,Shell ,HSBC andUnilever , which together accounted for approximately 27% of the market cap.[ 26]
FTSE 100 ICB Supersector Marketcap to the nearest billion £ sterling as at June 2025 ICB Supersector Marketcap (£ billion)[ 26] Banks Industrial Goods and Services Health Care Energy Personal Care Drug and Grocery Stores Food Beverage and Tobacco Financial Services Basic Resources Utilities Technology Insurance Consumer Products and Services Travel and Leisure Real Estate Telecommunications Retailers Media Chemicals
Each calendar quarter, the FTSE's constituents are reviewed and some companies exit or enter the index, resulting in irregulartrading volume and price changes asmarket participants rebalance theirportfolios .[ 3]
In the FTSE indices, share prices are weighted by free-float capitalisation, so that the larger companies, with more of their stock "floating", make more of a difference to the index than smaller companies. The basic formula for these indices is:[ 27]
I n d e x v a l u e = T o t a l m a r k e t v a l u e I n d e x d i v i s o r {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~value} &={\frac {\mathrm {Total~market~value} }{\mathrm {Index~divisor} }}\end{aligned}}
expanded to,
I n d e x v a l u e = ∑ i = 1 n ( P r i c e o f s t o c k i , t × N u m b e r o f s h a r e s i , t × F r e e f l o a t f a c t o r i , t ) I n d e x d i v i s o r {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~value} &={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\left(\mathrm {Price~of~stock} _{i,t}\times \mathrm {Number~of~shares} _{i,t}\times \mathrm {Free~float~factor} _{i,t}\right)}{\mathrm {Index~divisor} }}\end{aligned}}
where the sum of the products of thep r i c e {\displaystyle price} s h a r e s {\displaystyle shares} F F F {\displaystyle FFF} i = 1 {\displaystyle i=1} n = 100 {\displaystyle n=100} t {\displaystyle t} i n d e x d i v i s o r {\displaystyle index~divisor} i n d e x v a l u e {\displaystyle index~value}
The free float factor represents the percentage of all issued shares that are readily available for trading, rounded up to the nearest multiple of 5%. The free-float capitalisation of a company is itsmarket capitalisation multiplied by its free float adjustment factor. It therefore does not include restricted stocks, such as those held by company insiders.[ 27]
It follows that thei n d e x d i v i s o r {\displaystyle index~divisor}
I n d e x d i v i s o r = T o t a l m a r k e t v a l u e I n d e x v a l u e {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {Index~divisor} &={\frac {\mathrm {Total~market~value} }{\mathrm {Index~value} }}\end{aligned}}
However, as with any price index the FTSE 100 Index is always changing, whether by corporate action or constituent change. In order to maintain a true reflection of market price movements thei n d e x d i v i s o r {\displaystyle index~divisor}
FTSE Russell employs the index formula developed byHermann Paasche for adjusting thei n d e x d i v i s o r {\displaystyle index~divisor} i n d e x v a l u e {\displaystyle index~value} [ 27]
The Paasche formula is given as:
I t P a a s = ∑ i = 1 n P i , t Q i , t ∑ i = 1 n P i , 0 Q i , t {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&={\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,0}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
where,
Since the index is always based on the prior value and not the fixed base value, a Chained Paasche Index is used to chain each new value with the last continuously. This is given by the formula:
I t P a a s = I t − 1 P a a s ∑ i = 1 n P i , t Q i , t ∑ i = 1 n P i , t − 1 Q i , t {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&=\mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t-1}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
In isolation, the Chained Paasche Index will not adjust the prior closing value, resulting in an abnormal price difference. FTSE Russell utilises ap r i c e a d j u s t m e n t f a c t o r {\displaystyle price~adjustment~factor}
I t P a a s = I t − 1 P a a s ∑ i = 1 n P i , t Q i , t ∑ i = 1 n P i , t − 1 Q i , t P A F i , t {\begin{aligned}\mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}&=\mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}{\frac {\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}}{\sum _{i=1}^{n}\mathrm {P} _{i,t-1}\mathrm {Q} _{i,t}\mathrm {PAF} _{i,t}}}\end{aligned}}
So thei n d e x v a l u e {\displaystyle index~value} I t P a a s {\displaystyle \mathrm {I} _{t}^{Paas}} i n d e x v a l u e {\displaystyle index~value} I t − 1 P a a s {\displaystyle \mathrm {I} _{t-1}^{Paas}} t − 1 {\displaystyle t-1} i {\displaystyle i} n {\displaystyle n} P {\displaystyle P} Q {\displaystyle Q} t {\displaystyle t} i {\displaystyle i} n {\displaystyle n} P {\displaystyle P} t − 1 {\displaystyle t-1} Q {\displaystyle Q} p r i c e a d j u s t m e n t f a c t o r {\displaystyle price~adjustment~factor} t {\displaystyle t}
The benchmark FTSE 100 futures contracts are traded on the ICE Futures Europe (ICEU) exchange, formerly the London International Financial Futures Exchange (LIFFE ). The value of each contract is 10 GBP × index points and is specified as:[ 28]
FTSE 100 (Z) contract specifications Contract size 10 GBP × index points Exchange ICEU Sector Index Contract Symbol Z Tick size 0.5 Tick value 5 GBP Basis Point Value 10 Denomination GBP Decimal places 1
On the last trading day of each quarterly futures contract, the settlement price is determined using an intraday auction of all FTSE 100 stocks on the London Stock Exchange, starting at 10:15.[ 28]
The index has reached the following record values:
Category All-time highs Closing 9,911.42 12 November 2025 Intraday 9,930.09 12 November 2025
The index began on 3 January 1984 at the base level of 1,000.[ 29] [ 30]
The following table shows the annual development of the calculation of theFT 30 Index from 1969 to 1983, and the FTSE 100 since 1984.[ 31] [ 32] [ 33] [ 34]
Year Closing level Change in index (points) (%) 1969 313.16 1970 289.61 −23.55 −7.52 1971 411.03 121.42 41.93 1972 463.72 52.69 12.82 1973 318.30 −145.42 −31.36 1974 142.17 −176.13 −55.33 1975 335.98 193.81 136.32 1976 322.98 −13.00 −3.87 1977 455.96 132.98 41.17 1978 468.06 12.10 2.65 1979 488.40 20.34 4.35 1980 620.60 132.20 27.07 1981 665.50 44.90 7.23 1982 812.37 146.87 22.07 1983 1,000.00 187.63 23.10 1984 1,232.20 232.20 23.22 1985 1,412.60 180.40 14.64 1986 1,679.00 266.40 18.86 1987 1,712.70 33.70 2.01 1988 1,793.10 80.40 4.69 1989 2,422.70 629.60 35.11 1990 2,143.50 −279.20 −11.52 1991 2,493.10 349.60 16.31 1992 2,846.50 353.40 14.18 1993 3,418.40 571.90 20.09 1994 3,065.50 −352.90 −10.32 1995 3,689.30 623.80 20.35 1996 4,118.50 429.20 11.63 1997 5,135.50 1,017.00 24.69 1998 5,882.60 747.10 14.55 1999 6,930.20 1,047.60 17.81 2000 6,222.46 −707.74 −10.21 2001 5,217.35 −1,005.11 −16.15 2002 3,940.36 −1,276.99 −24.48 2003 4,476.87 536.49 13.62 2004 4,814.30 337.57 7.54 2005 5,618.76 804.46 16.71 2006 6,220.81 602.05 10.71 2007 6,456.91 236.10 3.80 2008 4,434.17 −2,022.74 −31.33 2009 5,412.88 978.71 22.07 2010 5,899.94 487.06 9.00 2011 5,572.28 −327.66 −5.55 2012 5,897.81 325.53 5.84 2013 6,749.09 851.29 14.43 2014 6,566.09 −183.00 −2.71 2015 6,274.05 −292.04 −4.45 2016 7,142.83 868.78 13.85 2017 7,687.77 544.94 7.63 2018 6,728.13 −959.64 −12.48 2019 7,542.44 814.31 12.10 2020 6,460.52 −1,081.92 −14.34 2021 7,384.54 924.02 14.30 2022 7,451.74 67.20 0.91 2023 7,733.24 281.50 3.78 2024 8,173.02 439.76 5.69
The following table lists the FTSE 100 companies after the changes on 19 September 2025.[ 35]
All changes are due to market capitalisation changes unless noted otherwise.
Abrdn Abbey Life (became subsidiary ofLloyds TSB in 1996, then sold toDeutsche Bank in 2007)[ 37] Abbey National (acquired byBanco Santander Central Hispano , now part of itsSantander UK subsidiary)[ 38] Aberdeen Asset Management African Barrick Gold Aggreko Alliance & Leicester (acquired byBanco Santander Central Hispano , now part of itsSantander UK subsidiary)[ 39] Alliance Boots (acquired by private equity fund controlled byKohlberg Kravis Roberts )[ 40] Alliance Trust Allied Domecq (acquired byPernod Ricard )[ 41] Allied Zurich (dual holding company along with Zurich Allied, companies unified in 2000 to formZurich Financial Services )[ 42] Amec Amersham (acquired byGE , now part of itsGE Healthcare division)[ 43] Amstrad (acquired byBritish Sky Broadcasting )[ 44] Argos (acquired byGUS )[ 45] Argyll Group (renamedSafeway in 1996, then taken over byMorrisons in 2004)[ 46] Arjo Wiggins Appleton (acquired byWorms & Cie )[ 47] ARM Holdings (acquired bySoftBank Group )[ 48] ASDA Group (acquired byWal-Mart )[ 49] Avast (acquired byNortonLifeLock )[ 50] Aveva (acquired bySchneider Electric )[ 51] BAA (acquired byFerrovial )[ 52] Balfour Beatty Baltimore Technologies (acquired by Oryx International Growth Fund)[ 53] Bank of Scotland (merged withHalifax to formHBOS , now part of theLloyds Banking Group )[ 54] Bass (becameSix Continents and thenInterContinental Hotels Group )[ 55] Beecham Group (merged with SmithKline and then with Glaxo to becomeGlaxoSmithKline )[ 56] Berisford (renamedEnodis , subsequently acquired byThe Manitowoc Company )[ 57] BET, formerlyBritish Electric Traction (acquired byRentokil )[ 58] BG Group (acquired byRoyal Dutch Shell )[ 59] BHP (moved main stock listing to theAustralian Securities Exchange )[ 60] BICC (renamedBalfour Beatty )[ 61] British Land Blue Arrow (acquired by Corporate Services Group)[ 62] Blue Circle Industries (acquired byLafarge )[ 63] BOC (acquired byLinde )[ 64] Bowater (renamedRexam )[ 65] Bookham Technology (renamedOclaro and now traded onNasdaq )[ 66] B&M BPB Industries (acquired bySaint-Gobain )[ 67] Bradford & Bingley (branch network acquired byBanco Santander Central Hispano , now part of itsSantander UK subsidiary; loans book nationalised)[ 68] Brambles Industries (now only listed on theAustralian Securities Exchange )[ 69] British Aerospace (merged withMarconi Electronic Systems to formBAE Systems )[ 70] British Airways (merged withIberia to formInternational Airlines Group )[ 71] British Home Stores (acquired byStorehouse and then sold toPhilip Green )[ 72] [ 73] British Steel (merged withKoninklijke Hoogovens to become Corus Group, nowTata Steel Europe )[ 74] British & Commonwealth (collapsed in 1990)[ 75] Britoil (acquired byBP )[ 76] BTR (merged withSiebe to form BTR Siebe, subsequently renamedInvensys )[ 77] Burmah Oil (renamed BurmahCastrol and acquired byBP )[ 78] Burton Group (renamedArcadia and acquired byPhilip Green )[ 79] Cable & Wireless Worldwide (acquired by Vodafone)[ 80] Cadbury (acquired byKraft Foods )[ 81] Cairn Energy Capita Carlton Communications (merged withGranada to formITV )[ 82] Carnival Corporation & plc Carphone Warehouse Celltech (acquired byUCB in 2004)[ 83] CMG (merged with Logica to formLogicaCMG )[ 84] Coats Viyella (acquired byGuinness Peat Group and renamedCoats )[ 85] Cobham Colt Group Commercial Union Assurance (merged with General Accident to formCGU , itself now part ofAviva )[ 86] Consolidated Gold Fields (acquired byHanson )[ 87] Cookson Group Corus Group (acquired byTata Steel , now forming itsTata Steel Europe division)[ 74] Courtaulds (demerged into two businesses acquired bySara Lee andAkzo Nobel )[ 88] CRH moved primary listing to New York[ 89] Daily Mail and General Trust Dalgety (renamed PIC International and then Sygen International and subsequently acquired byGenus )[ 90] Darktrace (acquired byThoma Bravo )[ 91] Debenhams Dechra Pharmaceuticals (acquired byEQT AB )[ 92] De La Rue Dimension Data Holdings (market capitalisation fell too low, subsequently acquired byNippon Telegraph and Telephone )[ 93] Direct Line Group Distillers (acquired byGuinness and now part ofDiageo )[ 94] Dixons Carphone Dixons Group (renamed to DSG International and thenDixons Retail ; market capitalisation also fell too low)[ 95] Dowty Group (acquired byTI Group , itself now part ofSmiths Group )[ 96] DSG International (renamedDixons Retail ; market capitalisation also fell too low)[ 95] Eagle Star (acquired byBAT Industries and then demerged as part ofZurich Financial Services )[ 97] Eastern Group (acquired byHanson , renamedThe Energy Group ; acquired byTexas Utilities )[ 98] ECC Group (acquired byImetal )[ 99] Edinburgh Investment Trust Electrocomponents EMAP (acquired byApax Partners and theGuardian Media Group )[ 100] EMI Group (acquired byTerra Firma Capital Partners , now owned byCitigroup )[ 101] Energis (acquired byCable and Wireless )[ 102] Enterprise Inns Enterprise Oil (acquired byRoyal Dutch Shell )[ 103] Essar Energy Eurasian Natural Resources Corporation Eurotunnel Evraz Exco International (acquired byBritish & Commonwealth Holdings )[ 104] Exel (acquired byDeutsche Post )[ 105] Ferguson (moved main listing toNew York Stock Exchange )[ 106] Ferranti International (collapsed in 1993)[ 107] Ferrexpo FirstGroup Fisons (acquired by Rhone-Poulenc Rorer, nowSanofi-Aventis )[ 108] Flutter Entertainment (moved listing to New York Stock Exchange)[ 109] Forte (acquired byGranada , nowITV )[ 110] Frasers Group Freeserve (acquired by France Télécom, nowOrange )[ 111] Friends Life (acquired byAviva )[ 112] Friends Provident (acquired byFriends Life Group )[ 113] G4S Gallaher Group (acquired byJapan Tobacco )[ 114] Gateway Corporation (renamedSomerfield , subsequently acquired byThe Co-operative Group )[ 115] GEC, formerlyGeneral Electric Company (renamed Marconi, broken up, remnant renamedTelent )[ 116] General Accident (merged with Commercial Union to formCGU , itself now part ofAviva )[ 86] George Wimpey (merged withTaylor Woodrow to formTaylor Wimpey )[ 117] Glaxo Wellcome (merged with SmithKline Beecham to formGlaxoSmithKline )[ 56] Globe Investment Trust (acquired by British Coal Pension Fund)[ 118] Granada Compass (split in 2001 to leaveGranada andCompass Group )[ 119] Granada (merged withCarlton Communications to formITV )[ 82] Greenall's Group (renamedDe Vere Group and then acquired by a joint venture of private investors)[ 120] Grand Metropolitan (merged withGuinness to formDiageo )[ 121] Guardian Royal Exchange (acquired byAxa )[ 122] Guinness (merged with Grand Metropolitan to formDiageo )[ 121] GUS (now demerged intoHome Retail Group andExperian )[ 123] GVC Holdings (changed its name to Entain plc)[ 124] Habitat Mothercare (merged withBritish Home Stores to formStorehouse and subsequently renamedMothercare again)[ 125] Halifax Group (merged with theBank of Scotland to formHBOS )[ 54] Hambro Life (renamedAllied Dunbar and acquired byBAT Industries and then demerged as part ofZurich Financial Services )[ 126] Hammerson Hanson (acquired byHeidelberg Cement )[ 127] Harbour Energy Hargreaves Lansdown (acquired byCVC Capital Partners ,Nordic Capital and theAbu Dhabi Investment Authority )[ 128] Harrisons & Crosfield (renamedElementis )[ 129] Hawker Siddeley (acquired byBTR , nowInvensys )[ 130] Hays HBOS Group plc (acquired byLloyds Banking Group )[ 131] Hillsdown Holdings (acquired by Hicks, Muse, Tate and Furst and then sold on asPremier Foods )[ 132] Home Retail Group Homeserve (acquired byBrookfield Asset Management )[ 133] House of Fraser (acquired byBaugur )[ 134] ICAP Imperial Chemical Industries (acquired byAkzo Nobel )[ 135] Imperial Continental Gas Association (broke up intoCalor and Contibel)[ 136] Inchcape Inmarsat Innogy Holdings (renamedNpower and acquired byRWE )[ 137] International Power (acquired byGDF Suez )[ 138] Intu Invensys Invesco (moved primary listing toNYSE )[ 139] Investec ITV Jaguar (acquired byFord and then byTata Motors )[ 140] Johnson Matthey Just Eat Takeaway (nationality reassigned to the Netherlands)[ 141] Kazakhmys Kelda Group (acquired by Saltaire Water consortium)[ 142] consortium of investment companies includingCitigroup andHSBC .[ 143] Kingston Communications (renamedKCOM Group and market capitalisation fell too low)[ 144] Kwik Save Group (merged withSomerfield )[ 145] Ladbrokes Laporte (major divisions acquired byKohlberg Kravis Roberts )[ 146] Lasmo (acquired byEni )[ 147] Lattice Group (merged with National Grid to formNational Grid Transco )[ 148] Lever Brothers (merged withMargarine Unie to formUnilever )[ 149] Logica London Electricity (acquired byÉlectricité de France , now part of itsEDF Energy division)[ 150] Lonhro (renamedLonmin )[ 151] Lonmin Lucas Industries (merged withVarity to formLucasVarity , then acquired byTRW )[ 152] LucasVarity (acquired byTRW )[ 152] Magnet and Southerns (acquired byBerisford )[ 153] Man Group Maxwell Communications Corporation (collapsed in 1991)[ 154] MB-Caradon (renamed Caradon and thenNovar , then acquired byHoneywell )[ 155] Mediclinic International Meggitt (acquired byParker Hannifin )[ 156] MEPC (acquired by Leconport Estates)[ 157] Mercury Asset Management (acquired byMerrill Lynch )[ 158] Merlin Entertainments MFI (renamedGaliform and thenHowden Joinery and market capitalisation fell too low)[ 159] Micro Focus International Midlands Electricity (acquired by Acquila Sterling, now part ofE.ON Energy UK )[ 160] Midland Bank (acquired byHSBC )[ 161] Misys Mitchells & Butlers Morrisons (acquired byClayton, Dubilier & Rice )[ 162] National Westminster Bank (acquired byRoyal Bank of Scotland Group )[ 163] NFC (merged with Ocean Group to formExel , now part ofDeutsche Post )[ 164] NMC Health (listing suspended)Northern Foods (market capitalisation fell too low, before being acquired by Ranjit Boparan)[ 165] Northern Rock (market capitalisation fell too low, before being nationalised)[ 166] Norwich Union (merged withCGU to form CGNU, nowAviva )[ 86] Nycomed Amersham (acquired byGE )[ 43] O2 (renamedTelefónica Europe following acquisition byTelefónica )[ 167] Ocado Old Mutual (managed separation of the business)[ 168] Orange (acquired byMannesmann and then by France Télécom, nowOrange )[ 169] PartyGaming (market capitalisation fell too low, before merging with Bwin to becomebwin.party digital entertainment )[ 170] P&O (acquired byDubai Ports World )[ 171] P&O Princess Cruises (merged withCarnival Corporation and re-listed asCarnival Corporation & plc )[ 172] Pennon Group Petrofac Pilkington (acquired byNippon Sheet Glass )[ 173] Plessey (acquired byGEC andSiemens )[ 174] Polly Peck (collapsed in 1990)[ 175] Polymetal International PowerGen (acquired byE.ON Energy UK )[ 176] [ 177] Provident Financial Psion Punch Taverns Racal Electronics (acquired byThomson-CSF and thenThales Group )[ 178] Railtrack (collapsed in 2001)[ 179] Randgold Resources (merged withBarrick Gold Corp )[ 180] Rank Hovis McDougall (acquired byPremier Foods )[ 181] Reckitt & Colman (merged with Benckiser to formReckitt Benckiser )[ 182] Redland (acquired byLafarge )[ 183] Reed International (merged with Elsevier to formReed Elsevier )[ 184] Renishaw Rentokil Initial Resolution Limited (changed its name toFriends Life Group )[ 185] Resolution plc (acquired byPearl Group )[ 186] Rexam (acquired byBall Corporation )[ 187] RMC Group (acquired byCemex )[ 188] Rothmans International (acquired byBritish American Tobacco )[ 189] J Rothschild (renamedSt. James's Place and market capitalisation fell too low)[ 190] Rowntree's (acquired byNestlé )[ 191] Royal Insurance (merged with Sun Alliance Group to formRoyal & SunAlliance )[ 192] Royal Mail RS Group RSA Insurance Group (acquired by Danish insurerTryg and Canada'sIntact Financial Corporation in May 2021).[ 193] Saatchi & Saatchi (acquired byPublicis )[ 194] Safeway (acquired byMorrisons )[ 195] SABMiller (acquired byAnheuser-Busch InBev )[ 196] Scottish & Newcastle (acquired by a consortium formed ofHeineken &Carlsberg )[ 197] Scottish Hydro Electric (merged withSouthern Electric to formScottish and Southern Energy )[ 198] ScottishPower (acquired byIberdrola )[ 199] Sears (acquired by January Investments – itself controlled byPhilip Green )[ 200] Securicor (merged with Group 4 Falck to formG4S )[ 201] Sedgwick (acquired byMarsh & McLennan )[ 202] Sema Group (acquired bySchlumberger )[ 203] Serco Shell Transport and Trading Company (later re-organised with Royal Dutch Petroleum Company as Royal Dutch Shell and then renamedShell plc )[ 204] Shire (acquired byTakeda Pharmaceutical Company )[ 205] Siebe (merged with BTR to formInvensys )[ 77] Sky (acquired byComcast )[ 206] SmithKline Beecham (merged with Glaxo Wellcome to formGlaxoSmithKline )[ 56] DS Smith (acquired byInternational Paper )[ 207] Smiths Industries (renamed toSmiths Group )[ 208] Smurfit Kappa (merged withWestRock to form Smurfit WestRock)[ 209] Southern Electric (merged with Scottish Hydro Electric to formScottish and Southern Energy )[ 198] Spirent Sports Direct Stagecoach Group Standard Telephones and Cables (renamed STC and acquired byNortel )[ 210] Storehouse (renamedMothercare )[ 211] Sun Alliance Group (merged with Royal Insurance to formRoyal & Sun Alliance )[ 192] Sun Life Assurance (acquired byAxa )[ 212] Sun Life & Provincial Holdings (acquired byAxa )[ 212] Tarmac (acquired byAnglo American )[ 213] Tate & Lyle Taylor Wimpey Taylor Woodrow (merged withGeorge Wimpey to formTaylor Wimpey )[ 117] Telewest Communications (merged withNTL to form NTL:Telewest nowVirgin Media )[ 214] Thames Water (acquired byRWE and then sold toMacquarie Group )[ 215] The Energy Group (acquired byTexas Utilities )[ 98] Thomas Cook Group Thomson Reuters (delisted shares from the London Stock Exchange as it ceased to be adual-listed company )[ 216] Thorn (acquired byNomura Group )[ 217] Thorn EMI (renamedEMI Group and then acquired byTerra Firma Capital Partners )[ 217] Thus (market capitalisation fell too low, subsequently acquired byCable & Wireless Worldwide )[ 218] TI Group (acquired bySmiths Group )[ 219] Tomkins (acquired byOnex Corporation andCanada Pension Plan Investment Board )[ 220] Trafalgar House (acquired byKværner )[ 221] Travis Perkins TSB Group (merged withLloyds Bank to formLloyds TSB )[ 222] Trusthouse Forte (acquired byGranada )[ 110] TUI Group TUI Travel (merged with its German parent to form theTUI Group )[ 223] [ 224] Tullow Oil Ultramar (acquired byLasmo and now part ofEni )Unigate (renamedUniq , then market capitalisation fell too low)[ 225] United Biscuits (acquired by consortium of financial investors)[ 226] United Business Media Unite Group Vedanta Resources Vistry Group Warburg SG (acquired bySwiss Bank Corporation , now part ofUBS )[ 227] Wellcome (merged with Glaxo to form Glaxo Wellcome, then with SmithKline Beecham to formGlaxoSmithKline )[ 56] WH Smith William Hill Williams Holdings (demerged intoKidde andChubb Fire & Security , both now part ofUnited Technologies )[ 228] Willis Corroon (acquired byTrinity Acquisition on behalf ofKohlberg Kravis Roberts and renamedWillis Group )[ 229] Willis Faber (acquired byTrinity Acquisition on behalf ofKohlberg Kravis Roberts and renamed Willis Coroon and thenWillis Group )[ 229] Wood Group Worldpay (acquired byVantiv )[ 230] Woolwich (acquired byBarclays )[ 231] Yell Group Zeneca (merged with Astra to formAstraZeneca )[ 232] Source:"FTSE: FTSE 100 Constituent Changes" (PDF; 57.9 KB )
The oldest continuous index in the UK is the FT 30, also known as the Financial Times Index or the FT Ordinary Index (FTOI).[ 233] Dow Jones Industrial Average , and companies listed are from the industrial and commercial sectors. Financial sector companies and government stocks are excluded.
Of the original constituents,[ 234] Hanson for a number of years, and is now renamed as Imperial Brands. Only one of the original FT 30 companies is still in that index:[ 235] [ 236]
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Michie, Ranald C. (1999),The London Stock Exchange: A History , New York: Oxford University Press Inc.,ISBN 978-0-199-24255-9 Kynaston, David (1997),LIFFE: A Market and its Makers , Cambridge: Granta Editions,ISBN 1-85757-056-1 Eckett, Stephen (2004),The UK Stock Market Almanac 2004 , Petersfield: Harriman House Ltd,ISBN 1-897597-46-0
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