Movatterモバイル変換

FOCAL character set

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Character set used by calculators

In computingFOCAL character set refers to a group of 8-bitsingle byte character sets introduced byHewlett-Packard since 1979. It was used in severalRPN calculators supporting theFOCAL programming language, like theHP-41C/CV/CX as well as the laterHP-42S,^[1]^[2] which was introduced in 1988^[1]^[2] and produced up to 1995. As such, it is also used bySwissMicros'DM41/L, both introduced in 2015, and is implicitly supported by theDM42, introduced in 2017 (although the later calculator utilizesFree42, which is based onUnicode internally).

Character set

[edit]

The character set is derived fromASCII, but with the control code range and some high bit characters replaced by various special characters.

FOCAL character set (HP-41C/CV/CX /HP 82143A)^[3]^[4]^[5]
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0x	‾/♦	×	x̅/ā	←	α	β	Γ	↓	Δ	σ	♦	λ	µ/μ	∡/∠	τ	Φ
1x	θ	Ω	δ	Å	å	Ä	ä	Ö	ö	Ü	ü	Æ	æ	≠	£/₤	▒
2x	SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
3x	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
4x	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
5x	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	↑/^	_
6x	`/⊤	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
7x	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	π	\|	→	Σ	⊦^{[nb 1]}

Characters not in all versions

When Hewlett-Packard introduced theHP-42S in 1988, the FOCAL character set was revised to include more characters, including a number of characters already provided by theHP 82240A infraredthermo printer, which had been introduced in 1986,^[6] as part of itsextended variant of the 1985 revision of theHP Roman-8 character set,^[7]^[8] although at completely different code points.

There is no code point definition for theeuro sign in this character set.

Revised FOCAL character set (HP-42S)^[1]
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0x	÷	×	√	∫	░	Σ	▶^{[nb 2]}	π	¿	≤	LF/EOT	≥	≠	↵	↓	→
1x	←	µ/μ	£/₤	°	Å	Ñ	Ä	∡/∠	ᴇ/⏨	Æ	…/‥	␛	Ö	Ü	▒	■/·
2x	SP	!	"	#	$	%	&	'	(	)	*	+	,	-	.	/
3x	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	:	;	<	=	>	?
4x	@	A	B	C	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O
5x	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y	Z	[	\	]	↑/^	_
6x	`	a	b	c	d	e	f	g	h	i	j	k	l	m	n	o
7x	p	q	r	s	t	u	v	w	x	y	z	{	\|	}	~	⊦^{[nb 1]}
8x	¦?	¥?	▓?								␊

Translation from HP-42S character set to themodified HP Roman-8 (supported byHP 82240A etc.) character set:

HP translation vector
	0	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	A	B	C	D	E	F
0x	0x81	0x82	0x83	0x84	0x04	0x85	0x86	0x87	0x08	0x89	0x04	0x8A	0x8B	0x0D	0x0E	0x8D
1x	0x8E	0x8F	0xAF	0xB3	0xA2	0xB6	0xD8	0xA0	0x18	0xD3	0x9B	0x1B	0xDA	0xDB	0x7F	0xF2

7x	0x70	0x71	0x72	0x73	0x74	0x75	0x76	0x77	0x78	0x79	0x7A	0x7B	0x7C	0x7D	0x7E	0x94
8x	0x80	0x81	0x82	0x83	0x84	0x85	0x86	0x87	0x88	0x89	0x90	0x8B	0x8C	0x8D	0x8E	0x8F

Notes

[edit]

^^a ^bThe glyph at code point 127 (⊦) is called APPEND character in Hewlett-Packard terminology. In theHP-41C/CV/CX andHP-42S series of calculators, it is used to indicate that the following characters will be appended to the alpha register rather than replacing the existing contents of the register.
^The glyph at code point 6 is called GOOSE character in Hewlett-Packard terminology. While U+25B6 (▶) is the preferred Unicode character for maximum cross-compatibility with establishedRPL character set mappings,Free42 since release 2.0.1 (2017-04-23) maps to U+25B8 (▸) instead.[1]

References

[edit]

^^a ^b ^cRPN Scientific Calculator - Owner's Manual - HP-42S(PDF) (1 ed.).Hewlett-Packard. June 1988. pp. 288–291. 00042-90001, 00042-90002.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved2018-01-04.
^^a ^bHP-42S RPN Scientific - Programming Examples and Techniques(PDF) (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA:Hewlett-Packard Company, Corvallis Division. July 1988. 00042-90020, 00042-90019.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved2018-01-04.
^Hicks, David G. (2017) [1998]."HP-41C Synthetic Programming". The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC).Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved2018-01-06.
^Hicks, David G. (1997)."Graphic byte code table". The Museum of HP Calculators (MoHPC).Archived from the original on 2018-01-06. Retrieved2018-01-06.
^HP 82143A Printer Owner's Handbook(PDF) (Rev. C ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA:Hewlett-Packard, Corvallis Division. March 1983. p. 37. 82143-90001. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on March 31, 2022.
^Nelson, Richard J. (May 2010)."HP 82240B IR Printer"(PDF).HP Solve (18). Archived fromthe original(PDF) on 2016-09-21. Retrieved2016-09-21.
^HP 82240A Infrared Printer(PDF) (2 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA:Hewlett Packard, Portable Computer Division. October 1986. HP reorder number 82240-90001 (82240-90008).Archived(PDF) from the original on 2016-08-06. Retrieved2016-08-06.
^HP 82240B Infrared Printer (1 ed.). Corvallis, OR, USA:Hewlett Packard. August 1989. pp. 17–18. HP reorder number 82240-90014.

HP-41C Operating Manual - A Guide for the Experienced User(PDF).Hewlett-Packard Company. June 1980. 00041-90259. Archived from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved2018-01-04.
Oerttel, Burkhard; Hümpfner, Reinhold; Meier, Bernhard; Schilli, Michael; Weber, Andreas; Leissner, Frank; Kaiser, Axel; Strewinski, Reinhard; von Borries, Sebastian; Dalkowski, Heinz; Fegert, Stefan (2014) [1989]. Fegert, Stefan; Dalkowski, Heinz (eds.).Programmsammlung für den HP-41(PDF) (in German). Berlin, Germany:Heldermann Verlag [de].ISBN 978-3-88538-809-8.Archived(PDF) from the original on 2018-01-04. Retrieved2018-01-04.

v t e Character encodings
Early telecommunications	Telegraph code Needle Morse Non-Latin Wabun/Kana Chinese Cyrillic Baudot and Murray Fieldata ASCII ISO/IEC 646 BCDIC Teletex andVideotex/Teletext T.51/ISO/IEC 6937 ITU T.61 ITU T.101 World System Teletext background sets Transcode
ISO/IEC 8859	Approved parts -1 (Western Europe) -2 (Central Europe) -3 (Maltese/Esperanto) -4 (North Europe) -5 (Cyrillic) -6 (Arabic) -7 (Greek) -8 (Hebrew) -9 (Turkish) -10 (Nordic) -11 (Thai) -13 (Baltic) -14 (Celtic) -15 (New Western Europe) -16 (Romanian) Abandoned parts -12 (Devanagari) Proposed but not approved KOI-8 Cyrillic Sámi Adaptations Welsh Estonian Ukrainian Cyrillic
Bibliographic use	MARC-8 ANSEL CCCII/EACC ISO 5426 5426-2 5427 5428 6438 6862
National standards	ArmSCII Big5 BraSCII BSCII CNS 11643 DIN 66003 ELOT 927 GOST 10859 GB 2312 GB 12345 GB 12052 GB 18030 HKSCS ISCII JIS X 0201 JIS X 0208 JIS X 0212 JIS X 0213 KOI-7 KPS 9566 KS X 1001 KS X 1002 LST 1564 LST 1590-4 PASCII Shift JIS SI 960 TIS-620 TSCII VISCII VSCII YUSCII
ISO/IEC 2022	ISO/IEC 8859 ISO/IEC 10367 Extended Unix Code / EUC
Mac OSCode pages ("scripts")	Armenian Arabic Barents Cyrillic Celtic Central European Croatian Cyrillic Devanagari Font X (Kermit) Gaelic Georgian Greek Gujarati Gurmukhi Hebrew Iceland Inuit Keyboard Latin (Kermit) Maltese/Esperanto Ogham Roman Romanian Sámi Turkish Turkic Cyrillic Ukrainian VT100
DOS code pages	437 737 850 858 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 899 904 932 936 942 949 950 951 1040 1043 1046 1098 1115 1116 1117 1118 1127 ABICOMP CS Indic CSX Indic CSX+ Indic CWI-2 Iran System Kamenický Mazovia MIK
IBM AIX code pages	895 896 912 915 921 922 1006 1008 1009 1010 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1046 1133
Windows code pages	CER-GS 932 936 (GBK) 950 Extended Latin-8 1250 1251 1252 1253 1254 1255 1256 1257 1258 1270 Cyrillic + French Cyrillic + German Polytonic Greek
EBCDIC code pages	Japanese language in EBCDIC DKOI
DEC terminals (VTx)	Multinational (MCS) National Replacement (NRCS) French Canadian Swiss Spanish United Kingdom Dutch Finnish French Norwegian and Danish Swedish Norwegian and Danish (alternative) 8-bit Greek 8-bit Turkish SI 960 Hebrew Special Graphics Technical (TCS)
Platform specific	1052 1053 1054 1055 1058 Acorn RISC OS Amstrad CPC Apple II ATASCII Atari ST BICS Casio calculators CDC Compucolor 8001 Compucolor II CP/M+ DEC RADIX 50 DEC MCS/NRCS DG International Galaksija GEM GSM 03.38 HP Roman HP FOCAL HP RPL SQUOZE LICS LMBCS MSX NEC APC NeXT PETSCII PostScript Standard PostScript Latin 1 SAM Coupé Sega SC-3000 Sharp calculators Sharp MZ Sinclair QL Teletext TI calculators TRS-80 Ventura International WISCII XCCS ZX80 ZX81 ZX Spectrum
Unicode /ISO/IEC 10646	UTF-1 UTF-7 UTF-8 UTF-16 UTF-32 UTF-EBCDIC GB 18030 DIN 91379 BOCU-1 CESU-8 SCSU TACE16 Comparison of Unicode encodings
TeX typesetting system	Cork LY1 OML OMS OT1
Miscellaneous code pages	ABICOMP ASMO 449 Digital encoding of APL symbols ISO-IR-68 ARIB STD-B24 Fieldata HZ IEC-P27-1 INIS 7-bit 8-bit ISO-IR-169 ISO 2033 KOI KOI8-R KOI8-RU KOI8-U Mojikyō SEASCII Stanford/ITS Symbol TRON Unified Hangul Code
Control character	Morse prosigns C0 and C1 control codes ISO/IEC 6429 JIS X 0211 Unicode control, format and separator characters Whitespace characters
Related topics	CCSID Character encodings in HTML Charset detection Han unification Hardware code page MICR code Mojibake Variable-length encoding
Character sets