In January 2011, Anzhi Makhachkala was purchased by billionaireSuleyman Kerimov,[2][3] and subsequently made numerous high-profile signings, including those of strikerSamuel Eto'o and defenderRoberto Carlos.[4] Following severe budget cuts ahead of the2013–14 Russian Premier League season, the club lost most of its key players and went on to finish bottom of the table, which resulted in relegation to theRussian National Football League at the end of the season.
The club was founded in 1991 by former Dinamo Makhachkala playerAleksandr Markarov with the head of Dagnefteprodukt –Magomed-Sultan Magomedov and took part in its first season in the Dagestan League the same year. The club's nameAnzhi meanspearl in localKumyk language and is a former name ofMakhachkala. FC Anzhi ended up as league champions with an unbeaten record and 16 wins out of 20 matches.[5]
Due to thedissolution of the Soviet Union, the club entered Zone 1 of theRussian Second Division (the third-highest tier) in 1992[5] and finished in fifth place. The club won their Group in 1993, but due to league reorganisation were not promoted, and remained in the new Western Zone of the third tier until a second-place finish in 1996 guaranteed promotion to theFirst Division,[6] under the coaching ofEduard Malofeev.[5] A key player in Anzhi's early history wasAzerbaijani international forwardIbragim Gasanbekov, who was the team's top scorer in all of their first seven seasons. He was the league's top scorer in 1993 (30 goals) and 1996 (33 goals).
In 1999, Anzhi won the First Division, and were thus promoted to the top-flightPremier League for the first time.[5] The side missed out on a bronze-medal finish on the last day of the season, as they conceded a last-minuteTorpedo Moscow penalty which took their opponents into third place.[7] On 20 June 2001, the club played in the final of theRussian Cup for the first time, losing toLokomotiv Moscow on penalties after a 1–1 draw.[5]
Anzhi finished 15th and were relegated from the Premier League in 2002, but during their first season back in the First Division, they reached the semi-finals of the Russian Cup, where they lost 1–0 toRostov.[8] In their seventh season in the First Division, Anzhi won the league and returned to the Premier League.[5] On 5 December 2010, defenderShamil Burziyev died in a car accident at the age of 25.[9]
On 18 January 2011, the club was purchased by Dagestani billionaireSuleyman Kerimov,[10] but later it was revealed that the President ofDagestan,Magomedsalam Magomedov, met Kerimov and gave him a 100% stake in the club, including 50% of the shares of the former owner of the club Igor Yakovlev, in exchange for financial support.[11] Kerimov was planning to invest over $200 million in infrastructure, of which a substantial amount would go into building a new stadium with a capacity of more than 40,000 spectators, which would meet allUEFA requirements.[12]
Kerimov's investment was immediate as the club made many signings in the2011 winter transfer window. The first significant signing came on 16 February, when the club announced the free transfer of Brazilian left-back and2002 FIFA World Cup winnerRoberto Carlos fromCorinthians.[13][14] Further signings included Roberto Carlos's teammate at Corinthians, midfielderJucilei, who was bought for €10 million,[15]Atletico Mineiro forwardDiego Tardelli, who signed on a four-year contract,[16] andMoroccan wingerMbark Boussoufa fromAnderlecht. Anzhi paid €8 million for Boussoufa, and his transfer was finalised in the last minute of the window, on 10 March.[17]
In summer 2011, the club signed Hungarian wingerBalázs Dzsudzsák, who signed a four-year deal for a reported €14 million.[18] Anzhi also bought Russian midfielderYuri Zhirkov fromChelsea for a similar fee.[19] On 23 August,Cameroonian strikerSamuel Eto'o signed fromInter Milan for approximately €21 million on a world-record €20.5 million annual salary.[20][21] The deal included a three-year contract.[22] On 30 August, Anzhi made their last big summer transfer window signing, with the arrival ofMehdi Carcela.[23]
In September 2011,Gadzhi Gadzhiyev was sacked, after managing only one win in the last six matches, leaving the club seventh in the league table.[24] Roberto Carlos took on a player-manager role, along with assistantAndrei Gordeyev. On 27 December 2011, the club appointedYuri Krasnozhan as the new coach.[25] However, he was sacked after only two months, and the team didn't play any official games under his management. In February 2012, experienced DutchmanGuus Hiddink was announced as his replacement.[26] Hiddink's first signing was Congolese defenderChristopher Samba, joining for £12 million fromBlackburn Rovers on 24 February.[27]
On 30 January 2012, Roberto Carlos announced his plans to retire at the end of the season, despite his contract running until June 2013.[28] He ended his football career on 1 August and took up a role as the club's director.[29][30] The Russian club concluded the first season after the takeover, the2011–12 season, with a fifth-place finish in the league, which qualified the club for the Europa League second qualifying round. In theRussian Cup, the club was eliminated in the round of 16 with an extra time loss againstDynamo Moscow.
On 3 September 2012, the club signedLassana Diarra on a four-year deal.[31] On 10 October, Anzhi opened a youth academy, the first in Dagestan, in order to develop youth talents for the first team. The academy is being run by Anzhi Sporting DirectorJelle Goes.[32] On 2 February 2013,Willian joined the club fromShakhtar Donetsk for a €35 million fee.[33]
Anzhi finished the2012–13 season in third place in the league table, missing out on qualification for the next season's Champions League. Anzhi began the campaign in great form, losing only once in their first 12 matches and even holding the top spot four times. However, they suffered a downturn in form after the new year, winning only three times in their final twelve matches, including a 4–0 defeat againstKrasnodar in March. In theEuropa League, they finished second in their group, and were eliminated in the round of 16 byNewcastle United with a last minute goal after beatingHannover 96 in the round of 32.[34] They reached theRussian Cup final that season, losing to CSKA on penalties.
On 22 July 2013, Hiddink resigned from his post as manager, ending an 18-month stint.[35] His newly appointed assistant, countrymanRené Meulensteen, was promoted to the manager position.[36] However, after 16 days as the team manager, Meulensteen was sacked.[37]
Several of the players sold had been recent signings for Anzhi; Aleksandr Kokorin had signed from Dynamo only a month before being sold back to the Dinamiki and had yet to make an appearance for Anzhi. Igor Denisov and Aleksei Ionov had both signed only in June and had played only a handful of matches before being sold. Christopher Samba had rejoined Anzhi in July after a spell withQueens Park Rangers.[46] Willian had joined in January and played only 11 league matches before being sold.
The budget cuts and subsequent sales resulted in Anzhi performing very poorly in the2013–14 Russian Premier League: they finished last and were relegated, having amassed a record low of three wins and 20 points, making them the worst last-placed team in Europe.[47] However, they returned to the top division at the first attempt.
Although they were relegated, the club still managed to get into the last 16 of theEuropa League, being eliminated byAZ Alkmaar.
Yuri Semin was announced as Anzhi's manager on 18 June 2015, signing a one-year contract with the option of an additional year.[48] After gaining only 6 points in first 10 games of the 2015–16 season and with Anzhi in last place, Semin left Anzhi on 29 September 2015.[49] After Semin's departure,Ruslan Agalarov was placed in charge of the club,[50] until the end of the season, saving them from relegation with a play-off victory overVolgar Astrakhan.
Pavel Vrba was appointed as the club's new manager on 30 June 2016,[51] following the expiration ofRuslan Agalarov's contract on 31 May 2016.[52] On 28 December 2016, Suleyman Kerimov sold the club to Osman Kadiyev,[53] withPavel Vrba leaving by mutual consent two days later,[54] withAleksandr Grigoryan being appointed as the club's new manager on 5 January 2017.[55]
On 15 May 2019, club's general director Absalutdin Agaragimov announced that the club failedRussian Football Union licensing for the 2019–20 season. The club had until the end of May to lodge an appeal.[58] On 29 May 2019, Russian Football Union licensing department chief Yevgeni Letin announced that Anzhi has recalled their appeal and, as a result, will not compete in the second-tierRussian Football National League in the 2019–20 season. They had an option of applying for the third-tierRussian Professional Football League license or potentially declaring bankruptcy.[59] On 26 June 2019, Anzhi confirmed that they had received a license to play in the Russian Professional Football League for the 2019–20 season, and that they were still unable to register new players due to outstanding debts.[60] Their 2019–20 squad mostly included the under-20 players who played for their youth team in the previous season, with most first-team players moving to other professional teams, including several notable ones (Yury Dyupin,Vladislav Kulik,Andrés Ponce) who remained in the Russian Premier League.
On 3 June 2022, theRussian Football Union confirmed their decision to not grant Anzhi the license that is necessary to play in the FNL 2. Their appeal was not considered as it was not filed according to the procedure.[61] That automatically meant the loss of professional status. The club issued a statement apologizing to the fans and stating hope that the club can come back "one day".[62] The last game of theFNL2 season and the last professional Anzhi game was played on 5 June 2022, Anzhi won 4–0 away againstFC Rotor-2 Volgograd.[63] Another club based in Makhachkala,FC Dynamo Makhachkala, secured promotion to theFNL 3 days prior to that.[64]
Return to Russian football as a semi-professional club
On 1st September 2024, FC Anzhi Makhachkala's social media accounts announced that Osman Kadiev reached a deal with MFC «South United», aMedia football team, to allow the latter team to use Anzhi's brand as well as extend these rights to a group of Anzhi's football ultras known as the 'Wild Brigade' who would help with the 'resurgence of FC Anzhi in the amateur Dagestani football league'.[65] Next year on January 28th, Anzhi's telegram channel posted the announcement that Anzhi will enter the Russian III division[66]. In their first season in the III division, Anzhi reached 1st in the SKFO group overall table but only managed to reach the quarter-finals of the playoffs as they were defeated at home in the second-leg on penalties byFC Spartak Anapa (1:1, 3-4).[67][68]
Anzhi badge from 2007 to 2009. The club returned to the original in 2010.
The club's crest includes a yellow eagle in traditional Caucasian clothing with elements of theDagestani flag.
The club's name derives from the wordAnzhi which means "pearl" in theKumyk language. It was also the ancient name for the land around whereMakhachkala is situated.
In the 2013–14 season, they changed theirkit sponsor from Adidas to Nike.
Due to the risk of possible armed conflict in Dagestan, the club's players primarily live and train at a training base near Moscow, which was previously used bySaturn Moscow. The club fly in for home matches,[69][70] which have a heavy security presence.[71]
The club's 28,000-seatAnzhi Arena was built in 2003, and due to its facilities is not used in European competition, for which Anzhi use theLokomotiv Stadium in Moscow. A high-priority goal of Kerimov when he purchased the club was the construction of a new 40,000 seater ground.[72]
Anzhi receive most of their support from theNorthern Caucasian region, particularly from the city of Makhachkala. The club also enjoys support from fans scattered all overDagestan, and the local area in general.[73] The club is hated by some supporters of the Moscow-based clubs as well asZenit Saint Petersburg, in part out of jealousy of the club's former wealth and also out of ethnic and religious animosity.[74]
Anzhi's first continental participation was in the2001–02 UEFA Cup. Their opponents wereRangers ofScotland. Instead of usual home-and-away fixtures, UEFA decided to hold a single match in a neutral venue—thePolish Army Stadium inWarsaw—due to the unstable situation in neighbouringChechnya. Rangers won the match 1–0 and eliminated Anzhi.
After finishing fifth in the2011–12 Russian Premier League, Anzhi qualified for the group stage of theUEFA Europa League for the first time in the club's history, after eliminatingBudapest Honvéd in the second qualifying round,Vitesse in the third qualifying round andAZ Alkmaar in the play-off round.[75] However, they again had to play home matches away, this time at theLuzhniki Stadium, due to unrest in the city of Makhachkala. They finished second ingroup A behindLiverpool; both games between the two ended as 1–0 home wins. Liverpool, Anzhi andYoung Boys took the top three positions in the group respectively with ten points each, and were ranked by their head-to-head record with fourth-placedUdinese; Anzhi were the only team in the group not to lose at home, having won all their home games in the group stage.Guus Hiddink's team were drawn with German sideHannover 96, who wongroup L. The Russians won the first leg 3–1 at the Luzhniki before a 1–1 draw inHanover sent them through 4–2 on aggregate. They then facedNewcastle United in the next round, whereAlan Pardew's men became the first team to deny Anzhi a home win in European competition. In the second leg away atSt James' Park, Newcastle'sPapiss Cissé headed home the winner in the last second to eliminate Anzhi;Mehdi Carcela-González had earlier been sent off for the club.
Information correct as of match played 15 March 2020. Only competitive matches are counted. Nationality is indicated by the correspondingFIFA country code(s).