Eyre Bird Observatory
Eyre Bird Observatory Location of Eyre Bird Observatory in Western Australia
General information
Type	Heritage listed building
Location	Great Australian Bight,Western Australia
Coordinates	32°14′47″S126°18′06″E / 32.24639°S 126.30167°E /-32.24639; 126.30167 (Eyre Bird Observatory)
Western Australia Heritage Register
Type	State Registered Place
Designated	28 November 2003
Reference no.	16522

Eyre Bird Observatory is an educational, scientific and recreational facility in theNuytsland Nature Reserve,Western Australia.Cocklebiddy is the nearest locality on theEyre Highway, 49 km (30 mi) to the north. It is in theHampton bioregion, which is sandwiched between theNullarbor Plain to the north and theGreat Australian Bight to the south, in one of the least populated places on the Australian continent. It was established in 1977 byBirds Australia in the disusedEyre Telegraph Station as Australia's first bird observatory, to provide a base for the study and enjoyment of the birds of the area.

Western Australia's official lowest temperature of −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) was recorded at Eyre Bird Observatory on 17 August 2008.^[1]

During their nearly 2,000-mile (3,200 km) journey overland fromAdelaide toAlbany in 1841, 26-year-oldEdward John Eyre and his party - companionJohn Baxter and three Aboriginal men - found fresh water 2 metres (6.6 ft) beneath a coastal sand dune, and camped there for a month, recovering from severe dehydration and exhaustion. This location became known as Eyre's Sand Patch.^[2][3]

When theInter-Colonial Telegraph Line reached the Patch in 1877, a weatherboard and corrugated iron building was erected to house a permanently staffed repeater station, and the location was subsequently known as the Eyre Telegraph Station.

Twenty years later, in 1897,^[4] the station moved into a new limestone and corrugated iron building nearby until, in 1927 when the telegraph line moved 150 kilometres (93 mi) north to follow theTrans-Australian Railway, the building was abandoned.

Fifty years later, in 1977, the limestone building was restored by volunteers with the support of the Post Office Historical Society and Birds Australia, using materials supplied by the WA Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, and it now functions as a permanent bird observatory.^[5] The building is maintained by volunteers, including two caretakers who live on site for three months at a time.^[6][7]

Honeyeaters who spend the summer in the deep south-west extend their range north and east in the winter to feast on the floweringmallee and, at Eyre, honeyeaters,silvereyes and other species are found wintering in the narrow coastalmallee strip. A breeding colony oflittle penguins spends the summer west of Eyre at Twilight Cove. By 2008, 245 bird species had been recorded in the surrounding nature reserve.^[5]

Eyre Bird Observatory has asemi-arid climate (BSk) with warm-to-hot dry summers and mild-to-cool wetter winters. It is subject to extreme temperatures, particularly cool minima, having received Western Australia's lowest minimum temperature of −7.2 °C (19.0 °F) on 17 August 2008 and Australia's highestdiurnal range (difference between daily minimum and maximum temperatures) of 37.4 °C (67.3 °F) on 5 March 2008, when the temperature ranged from 6.8 to 44.2 °C (44.2 to 111.6 °F).^[1][8] Factors that cause the lower minimum temperatures despite the observatory being within 1 kilometre (0.6 mi) of the coast include its sandy surface, its location in a shallow depression, and a sand ridge between it and the ocean that cuts it off from shallow marine air masses on calm nights.^[8]

• Eyre Bird Observatory report. Perth, Western Australia : Royal Australasian Ornithologists' Union, Western Australian Group, 1970s – 1980s

• Google Maps satellite view
• Birds Australia Eyre Bird Observatory page
• WA Dept of Environment and Conservation Eyre Bird Observatory page
• Shire of Dundas Eyre Highway page

• Buildings and structures in Western Australia
• Nullarbor Plain
• Bird observatories in Australia
• 1977 establishments in Australia
• Tourist attractions in Western Australia
• Great Australian Bight
• Birdwatching sites in Australia
• State Register of Heritage Places in the Shire of Dundas
• Hampton bioregion
• Nuytsland Nature Reserve

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