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Expulsion from the United Nations is a procedure under Article 6,Chapter II of theUnited Nations Charter when amember state of the United Nations can be expelled fromthe organization. This can be done when a member state has persistently violated the principles of the United Nations Charter.[1] No state has ever been expelled from the UN, although the exclusion of theRepublic of China (replaced by thePeople's Republic of China) throughGeneral Assembly Resolution 2758 and the suspension ofSouth Africa due to itsapartheid laws had a similar effect.[2][3]
Separately, Article 5 of the Charter allows for suspension of a state's membership through the same procedure.[3][1]
During the existence of the United Nations' predecessor, theLeague of Nations, theSoviet Union was expelled from the organization as the initiator of theWinter War with Finland.
No state has ever been expelled from the United Nations. According to theRepertory of practice of United Nations organs, at least two attempts have been made to expel a state: South Africa for its policy ofapartheid in 1974, and Israel for itsoccupation of the Palestinian territories in 1982. Neither attempt was successful.[4][5]
After theChinese Civil War and theretreat of the government of Republic of China to Taiwan, the PRC lobbied for the exclusion of the Republic of China from the United Nations. Particularly, in 1971 the PRC through its proxies passed along a letter from its Ministry of Foreign Affairs stating that Taiwan was a part of its territory that was returned afterWorld War II, and that Beijing would "have absolutely nothing to do with the [UN]" if it adopted a position of "'two Chinas', 'one China, one Taiwan,' or 'the status of Taiwan remaining to be determined'".[6] This claim was reiterated again during debates in the United Nations General Assembly.[6] At the time, it was viewed as a question of representation (of which government should represent China in the UN) rather than a question of admission of the PRC.[7] Eventually, the Republic of China was stripped of its 26-year-long UN membership and replaced by the PRC in theUnited Nations Security Council. The expulsion occurred despite the fact that the Republic of China had been one of the founding members of the United Nations, withdiplomatic recognition of other UN members. Nonetheless, the mention of the Republic of China rather than People's Republic of China among Security Council members in the United Nations Charter has been retained since.
After theRussian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 and adoption ofGeneral Assembly Resolution ES-11/1, the presence ofRussia in the United Nations Security Council has been questioned. Although the membership of theUnion of Soviet Socialist Republics, the predecessor to Russia, is enshrined in Article 23 of the United Nations Charter and its veto power cannot be revoked because of Article 27 of the Charter, some have argued that Russia could not veto a resolution proposing its expulsion under Article 6 of the Charter because Article 27 obliges members of the Security Council to abstain from voting in certain disputes to which they are a party.[8] That provision, however, only applies to decisions of the Security Council under Chapter VI and Article 52(3) of the Charter, not to expulsions. Since Russia would presumably veto its own expulsion, the issue of any potential expulsion of Russia from the United Nations is therefore moot.[9][10][11]
On November 4, 2024, amidst theGaza war,Malaysia said it was developing a proposal to expelIsrael from the United Nations.[12][13]
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