 Explorer 39 satellite | |
| Names | AD-C Air Density experiment-C |
|---|---|
| Mission type | Air density |
| Operator | NASA |
| COSPAR ID | 1968-066A |
| SATCATno. | 03337 |
| Spacecraft properties | |
| Spacecraft | Explorer XXXIX |
| Spacecraft type | Explorer |
| Bus | AD |
| Manufacturer | Langley Research Center |
| Launch mass | 9.4 kg (21 lb) |
| Dimensions | 3.6 m (12 ft) diameter |
| Power | Solar cells and rechargeable batteries |
| Start of mission | |
| Launch date | 8 August 1968, 20:12:00GMT[1] |
| Rocket | Scout B (S-165C) |
| Launch site | Vandenberg,SLC-5 |
| Contractor | Vought |
| Entered service | 8 August 1968 |
| End of mission | |
| Last contact | June 1971 |
| Decay date | 22 June 1981 |
| Orbital parameters | |
| Reference system | Geocentric orbit[2] |
| Regime | Low Earth orbit |
| Perigee altitude | 670 km (420 mi) |
| Apogee altitude | 2,538 km (1,577 mi) |
| Inclination | 80.60° |
| Period | 118.20 minutes |
| Instruments | |
| Nonsystematic Changes of Air Density Systematic Changes of Air Density | |
Explorer program | |
Explorer 39, also known asAD-C (Air Density experiment-C), was aNASAscientific satellite belonging to seriesAir Density. It was launched on 8 August 1968, join withExplorer 40, fromLaunch Complex 5 of theVandenberg Air Force Base, through aScout launch vehicle.[3]
Explorer 39 was an inflatable sphere, 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter. It was orbited to makeatmospheric density determinations. The satellite was successfully launched into anearly polar,highly elliptical orbit. It was folded and carried into orbit, together with ejection and inflation equipment, as part of the payload of Explorer 40. Two density experiments were performed.[3]
Explorer 39 orbited theEarth once every 118.20 minutes, at aninclination of 80.60°. Itsperigee was 670 km (420 mi) andapogee was 2,538 km (1,577 mi).[2]
One involved the study of systematic density variation, and the other was concerned with nonsystematic density changes. Theupper atmospheric densities were derived from sequential observations of the sphere by use of an attached 136.620-MHz radio trackingbeacon and by optical tracking. The radio beacon ceased transmitting in June 1971. Since that time it has been necessary to rely solely on theSmithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO)Baker-Nunn camera network for tracking.[3]
This experiment was designed to determine nonsystematic upper atmospheric density changes. The data are derived from studies of the drag on a 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter low-density sphere caused by short-term differences in solar activity. Density values near perigee were deduced from sequential observations of the spacecraft position using optical (Baker-Nunn camera network) and radio and/or radar tracking techniques. This experiment has determined reasonable density values, and it is capable of yielding long-term atmospheric density values, as Explorer 39 has an expected orbital lifetime of 50 years.[4]
This experiment was designed to determine systematic changes of air density as a function of altitude, latitude, and time of day, by measuring the drag on a 3.6 m (12 ft) in diameter low-density sphere with ground tracking.[5]
Explorer 39reentered theatmosphere on 22 June 1981.[2]
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