Exophoria is a form ofheterophoria in which there is a tendency of theeyes to deviate outward.^[1] During examination, when the eyes are dissociated, the visual axes will appear to diverge away from one another.^[2]

The axis deviation in exophoria is usually mild compared with that ofexotropia.

Exophoria can be caused by several factors, which include:^{[citation needed]}

• Refractive errors – distance and neardeviation approximately equal.
• Divergence excess - exodeviation is more than 15dioptres greater for distance than near deviation.
• Convergence insufficiency – near exodeviation greater than distance deviation.

These can be due tonerve,muscle, or congenital problems, or due to mechanical anomalies. Unlikeexotropia, fusion is possible in this condition, causingdiplopia to be uncommon.^{[citation needed]}

Exophoria is common ininfancy andchildhood, and increases with age.^{[3][clarification needed]}

• Disorders of ocular muscles, binocular movement, accommodation and refraction

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