Prior to World War One, the major countries (England, USA etc.) were on thegold standard.  The Indian rupee coin was silver, convertible into gold at the prevailing 15:1 ratio based on their weights. [Note that 1 pound equalled 20 shillings (sh.) and 1 shilling equalled 12 pence (d.). So, 1 pound = 20×12 = 240d.] Hence the rupee exchange rate was 240/15 equalled 16 d. or 1 sh. 4 d. This was its par value. It was called a silver exchange standard: rupee notes were convertible into silver coin, and that was in turn convertible into gold. Based on the actual sale of Council Bills, incorporating transaction costs, the Rs. was 1 sh. 3.906 d. for the years 1907 to 1911, effectively at par. However, during World War 1 the Rs. rose to 1 sh. 4.906 d. by 1918-19 and during this time the par value was also raised.^[1]

This is a list of tables showing the historical timeline of the exchange rate for theIndian rupee (INR) against thespecial drawing rights unit (SDR),United States dollar (USD),pound sterling (GBP),Deutsche mark (DM),euro (EUR) andJapanese yen (JPY).

The rupee was worth oneshilling andsixpence in sterling in 1947. TheUS dollar was worth₹3.3085 in 1947^[2] and₹85.81 inDecember 2024.

• The data on exchange rate forJapanese Yen is in per 100 Yen.
• The end-of-year rate for 1998–99 pertains to March 26, 1999, of theDeutsche Mark rate.
• Data from 1971 to 1991–92 are based on official exchange rates.
• Data from 1992 to 1993 onward are based on FEDAI (Foreign Exchange Dealers' Association of India) indicative rates.
• Data from 1971 to 1972–73 for the Deutsche Mark and the Japanese Yen are cross rates with theUS Dollar.
• TheEuro replaced theDeutsche Mark w.e.f. January 1, 1999.

• Coins of India
• Currency lists
• Foreign exchange market
• Rupee

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