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Ewondo language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bantu language spoken in Cameroon
"Kolo language" redirects here. For the language of Nigeria also called Kolo, seeOgbia language.
Ewondo
Beti
Cameroonian
Ewondo text on a blackboard at a school in Yaoundé, 2019
RegionCameroon
EthnicityBeti people
Native speakers
(580,000 cited 1982)[1]
Official status
Official language in
Cameroon
Language codes
ISO 639-2ewo
ISO 639-3ewo
Glottologewon1239
A.72[2]

Ewondo also known asBeti orCameroonian is aBantu language spoken by theBeti people (more precisely Beti be Nanga, the people of the forest, or simply Beti) ofCameroon. The language had 577,700 native speakers in 1982. Ewondo is atrade language. Dialects include Badjia (Bakjo), Bafeuk, Bemvele (Mvele, Yezum, Yesoum), Bane, Beti, Enoah, Evouzom, Mbida-Bani, Mvete, Mvog-Niengue, Omvang, Yabekolo (Yebekolo), Yabeka, and Yabekanga. Ewondo speakers live primarily in Cameroon'sCentre Region and the northern part of the Océan division in theSouth Region.

Ewondo is aBantu language. It is a language of theBeti people, and is intelligible withEton.

In 2011, there was a concern among Cameroonian linguists that the language was being displaced in the country by French.[3]

Distribution

[edit]

Ewondo (Beti) covers the whole of the departments ofMfoundi,Mefou-et-Afamba,Mefou-et-Akono,Nyong-et-So'o,Nyong-et-Mfoumou (Central Region), and part ofOcéan Department (Southern Region).[4]

History

[edit]

The Ewondo language originated in the forests south of the Sanaga river.

Phonology

[edit]

Consonants

[edit]
LabialAlveolarPalatalVelarLabio-
velar
Glottal
Plosivevoicelessptkk͡p
voicedbdɡɡ͡b
prenasalᵐbⁿdᵑɡᵑᵐɡ͡b
Affricatevoicelesst͡s
voicedd͡z
prenasalⁿd͡z
Fricativevoicelessfsh
voicedvz
prenasalᶬv
Nasalmnɲŋ
Laterall
Rhoticr
Approximantjw

Vowels

[edit]
FrontCentralBack
Closeiu
Close-mideəo
Open-midɛɔ
Opena

[5]

Alphabet system

[edit]
Alphabet in Ewondo
Uppercase
ABDDzEƏƐFGGbHIKKpLMMbMgbMvNNdNdzNgNyŊOƆPRUTTsSVWYZ
Lowercase
abddzeəɛfggbhikkplmmbmgbmvnndndzngnyŋoɔpruttssvwyz
Phonemes
abdd͡zeəɛfɡɡ͡bhikk͡plmm͡bmɡ͡bɱ͡vnn͡dnd͡zŋ͡ɡɲŋoɔprutt͡ssvwjz

The tones are indicated with diacritics on the vowels:

  • the high tone is indicated with an acute accent:áéə́ɛ́íóɔ́ú;
  • the high tone is indicated with a grave accent:àèə̀ɛ̀ìòɔ̀ù;
  • the mid tone is indicated with a macron:āēə̄ɛ̄īōɔ̄ū;
  • the low tone, the most frequent tone, is indicated by the absence of diacritics:aeəɛioɔu;
  • the rising tone is indicated with a caron:ǎěə̌ɛ̌ǐǒɔ̌ǔ;
  • the falling tone is indicated with a circumflex:âêə̂ɛ̂îôɔ̂û.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^Ewondo atEthnologue (25th ed., 2022)Closed access icon
  2. ^Jouni Filip Maho, 2009.New Updated Guthrie List Online
  3. ^http://quotidien.mutations-multimedia.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2962:patrimoine-la-langue-ewondo-a-son-dictionnaire&catid=58:news&Itemid=415[permanent dead link]
  4. ^Binam Bikoi, Charles, ed. (2012).Atlas linguistique du Cameroun (ALCAM) [Linguistic Atlas of Cameroon]. Atlas linguistique de l'Afrique centrale (ALAC) (in French). Vol. 1: Inventaire des langues. Yaoundé: CERDOTOLA.ISBN 9789956796069.
  5. ^Owona, Antoine (2004).L'orthographe harmonisée de l'ewondo. Université de Yaoundé.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

External links

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