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Ewine van Dishoeck | |
|---|---|
 Ewine van Dishoeck (2014) | |
| Born | (1955-06-13)13 June 1955 (age 70) |
| Spouse | Tim de Zeeuw |
| Awards |
|
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Astrochemistry,Astronomy,Chemistry |
| Doctoral advisors | |
| Doctoral students | Nienke van der Marel |
| Website | home |
Ewine Fleur van Dishoeck (born 13 June 1955) is a Dutchastronomer andchemist.[1] She is Professor ofMolecular Astrophysics atLeiden Observatory,[1][2] and served as the President of theInternational Astronomical Union (2018–2021) and a co-editor of theAnnual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics (2012–present).[3] She is one of the pioneers ofastrochemistry, and her research is aimed at determination of the structure of cosmic objects using their molecular spectra.
Ewine Fleur van Dishoeck was born on June 13, 1955, inLeiden, Netherlands. With her father being a professor of ear, nose, and throat medicine, her love of science was inspired at the young age of 12. During this time, her father was invited to spend six months in San Diego, CA. Her first science class ever was through the San Diego Public School system. She fondly remembers that her science teacher, a female and African-American in the 1960s, was forced to overcome many obstacles to reach the position she is at now. Her upbringing inspired Van Dishoeck to gain an interest in science and have the desire to do great things in the world of chemistry. When she went back to the Netherlands, she was motivated to pursue a career in chemistry, with the University of Leiden being the launchpad for her research.[4]
Ewine van Dishoeck studied chemistry at the University of Leiden. At Leiden, Van Dishoeck found that physics interested her as well. Her interests began shifting toward chemical physics soon after, with quantum chemistry being one of the main focal points of her senior project research. Tragedy struck when the only full professor at Leiden who specialized in quantum chemistry died. PhD programs in Holland require the thesis to be supervised by a full professor. If Van Dishoeck wanted to stay at Leiden for her graduate work, she needed to find another field of study. At that time, Van Dishoeck’s boyfriend and future husband, Tim de Zeeuw, studied astronomy and finished a course on discoveries of interstellar molecules. From de Zeeuw, she learned that the expert of the interstellar medium wasAlex Dalgarno at Harvard University.[5] While studying with Dalgarno in 1980, she switched her major to astrochemistry and completed her PhD on the excitation and breaking up of molecules within interstellar gas clouds. She then returned to Cambridge, MA, to receive a position in Harvard’s Society of Fellows to continue her outstanding research on the interstellar medium. She has been the scientific director of theNetherlands Research School for Astronomy (NOVA) since 2007.[6]
Van Dishoeck works oninterstellarmolecules; physical andchemical evolution duringstar formation andplanet formation;submillimeter and mid-infrared astronomy; basic molecular processes; and theradiative transfer of line and continuum radiation.[1] In 2021 she was awarded an ERC Advanced Grant to study chemistry and physics in the planet-forming disks around stars other than the Sun.[7]
She is the mostcited molecular astrophysicist in the world.[8][9]
Ewine van Dishoeck’s work on astrochemistry was instrumental in answering how interstellar gas and dust can transform into living organisms. Life is dependent on carbon, and space has an abundance of this in the form of carbon monoxide. However, carbon monoxide could be broken up by ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Because of stars in the galaxy, UV light was abundant to break up the carbon monoxide. At her PhD studies, no one was aware of how some carbon monoxide molecules could remain alive in space. In her lab research, Van Dishoeck set up interstellar cloud models; she compared her tests against actual observations.[10] She concluded that carbon monoxide is not vulnerable to all UV light through her trials. It is only susceptible to the wavelengths that it can absorb. As completed by her and John Black, dust and other molecules can block UV light, leading to carbon monoxide protection. Her findings answered why some carbon monoxide molecules were able to survive long enough to contribute to living organisms.[11]
Van Dishoeck was a Junior Fellow of theHarvard Society of Fellows in 1984, where she worked withAlex Dalgarno.[2] She was awarded the Gold Medal of theRoyal Netherlands Chemical Society in 1994, theSpinoza Prize (Netherlands) in 2000,[12] and the Bourke Award of theRoyal Society of Chemistry (UK) in 2001.[13] Since 2001, she is a Member of theRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences[14] as well of theUnited States National Academy of Sciences.[15] In 2013, she became a member of theAcademy of Sciences Leopoldina.[16] She received theGothenburgLise Meitner Award (Sweden) in 2014,[17][18] and theAlbert Einstein World Award of Science (Mexico) in 2015.[19][20][21] In 2018, Van Dishoeck was awarded theJames Craig Watson Medal (US)[22] and theKavli Prize (Norway) for astrophysics.[23] In the same year, she also has been elected an Honorary Member of theRoyal Netherlands Chemical Society.[24] She was elected to theAmerican Philosophical Society[25] and was awarded thePrix Jules Janssen, both in 2020.[26] In 2021Pope Francis appointed her to thePontifical Academy of Sciences[27] and she was also awarded theNick Kylafis Lectureship.[28] In 2022 Van Dishoeck was awarded theFritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics and Cosmology[29] and theNiels Bohr International Gold Medal.[30]
Van Dishoeck is married toTim de Zeeuw,[2] a professor of astronomy at Leiden University who was Director General of theEuropean Southern Observatory from September 2007 to 2017.[31]
