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Eurovision Song Contest 1993

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International song competition

Eurovision Song Contest 1993
Date and venue
Final
  • 15 May 1993 (1993-05-15)
VenueGreen Glens Arena
Millstreet, Ireland
Organisation
OrganiserEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU)
ScrutineerChristian Clausen
Production
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
DirectorAnita Notaro
Executive producerLiam Miller
Musical directorNoel Kelehan
PresenterFionnuala Sweeney
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countries
Non-returning countriesYugoslavia
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8–1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Ireland
"In Your Eyes"
1992 ← Eurovision Song Contest →1994
Event page at eurovision.tvEdit this at Wikidata

TheEurovision Song Contest 1993 was the 38th edition of theEurovision Song Contest, held on 15 May 1993 at theGreen Glens Arena inMillstreet, Ireland, and presented byFionnuala Sweeney. It was organised by theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), who staged the event after winning the1992 contest forIreland with the song "Why Me?" performed byLinda Martin.

Broadcasters from twenty-five countries participated in the contest, the largest yet held. Twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the previous year's event returned, withYugoslavia prevented from competing following the closure of its national broadcaster and theplacement of sanctions against the country as a response to theYugoslav Wars. In response to an increased interest in participation of broadcasters from formerEastern Bloc countries following thecollapse of communist regimes, three spaces in the event were allocated to first-time participating countries, which would be determined through a qualifying competition. Held in April 1993 inLjubljana, Slovenia,Kvalifikacija za Millstreet featured entries from seven countries and resulted in the entries from the former Yugoslav republics ofBosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia, andSlovenia progressing to the contest in Millstreet.

For the second year in a row, the winner wasIreland with the song "In Your Eyes", written by Jimmy Walsh and performed byNiamh Kavanagh. TheUnited Kingdom,Switzerland,France, andNorway completed the top five, with the United Kingdom achieving its second consecutive runner-up placing. Ireland achieved its fifth victory in the contest, matching the overall record held byFrance andLuxembourg, and joinedIsrael, Luxembourg andSpain as countries with wins in successive contests.

Location

[edit]
Photograph of the exterior of the Great Southern Hotel in Killarney in autumn 2002.
Photograph of the exterior of Cork City Hall in 2009 taken from across the River Lee
TheGreat Southern Hotel inKillarney(top) andCork'sCity Hall(bottom) hosted receptions for the participating delegations during the week of the contest.
Location of host town Millstreet (in blue) and other towns and cities which held events during the contest week (in green);County Cork is highlighted

The 1993 contest took place inMillstreet, Ireland, following the country's victory at the1992 edition with the song "Why Me?", performed byLinda Martin. It was the fourth time that Ireland had hosted the contest, having previously staged the event in1971,1981, and1988, with all previous events held in the country's capital cityDublin.[1][2]

TheGreen Glens Arena, an indoor arena used primarily forequestrian events, was chosen as the contest venue, with its owner Noel C Duggan offering the use of the venue for free, as well as pledging a further£200,000 from local businesses for the staging of the event.[3][4] Individuals withinRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), including the organisation'sDirector-General Joe Barry, were interested in staging the event outside of Dublin for the first time, and alongside Dublin RTÉ production teams scouted locations in rural Ireland in the months following Ireland's win.[5] Although the contest had previously been held in smaller towns, such asHarrogate, an English town of 70,000 people which staged the1982 contest, with a population of 1,500, Millstreet became the smallest settlement to stage the event at that time and continues to hold the record as of 2025[update].[6] The arena would have an audience of around 3,500 during the contest.[3] The choice of Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena to stage the contest was met with some ridicule, withBBC journalistNicholas Witchell referring to the venue as a "cowshed", however Millstreet had won out over more conventional locations, including Dublin andGalway, due to the facilities available in the Green Glens Arena and the town's local community which were hugely enthusiastic about the event being staged in their area.[5][6][7]

Due to the small size of Millstreet, delegations were primarily based in surrounding settlements, includingKillarney and other towns incounties Cork andKerry.[5][8] Alongside Millstreet itself, Killarney andCork City heldreceptions for the competing delegates during the week of the contest, at theGreat Southern Hotel in Killarney andCork's City Hall, the latter hosted by theMinister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht.[9]

Participants

[edit]
Further information:Kvalifikacija za Millstreet andList of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
This section contains numerous links to pages onforeign language Wikipedias. They are shown asred links with the language codes in [small blue letters] in brackets. Click on the language code to see the page in that language.
Eurovision Song Contest 1993 – Participation summaries by country
Countries initalics failed to progress fromKvalifikacija za Millstreet

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Eurovision Song Contest regularly featured over twenty participants in each edition, and by 1992 an increasing number of broadcasters had begun expressing an interest in joining the event for the first time. This came as a result ofrevolutions leading to the fall of communist regimes in Europe and the formation of new countries due to the collapse of theSoviet Union andYugoslavia. With the admission into theEuropean Broadcasting Union (EBU) of the broadcasters of the countries that emerged from the breakup of Yugoslavia, and the merger of the EBU with its Eastern European counterpart, theInternational Radio and Television Organisation (OIRT), the number of broadcasters eligible to participate in the contest increased significantly.[1][10][11] In an effort to incorporate these new countries into the contest, the EBU raised the maximum number of participants to twenty-five – the highest number yet seen in the contest – creating space for three new countries to participate alongside twenty-two of the twenty-three countries that had participated in the1992 contest.[4][10]Yugoslavia – which had participated in the contest since1961[a] – was unable to participate as its EBU member broadcasterJugoslovenska radio-televizija (JRT) was disbanded in 1992 and its successor organisationsRadio-televizija Srbije (RTS) andRadio-televizija Crne Gore (RTCG) were barred from joining the EBU due tosanctions against the country as part of theYugoslav Wars.[4][13]

As a temporary solution for the 1993 contest, a qualifying round was organised to determine the three countries which participate in the final for the first time. Subsequently, for the1994 contest, arelegation system was introduced which would bar the lowest-scoring countries from participating in the following year's event.[1][4][10][11] At the running order draw, held in December 1992 at theNational Concert Hall in Dublin and hosted byPat Kenny andLinda Martin, the three new countries were represented as Countries A, B, and C, corresponding with the countries that would place first, second and third in the qualifying competition respectively.[10][14] EntitledKvalifikacija za Millstreet, the qualifying round took place on 3 April 1993 inLjubljana, Slovenia.[1][10] Initially broadcasters in as many as fourteen countries registered an interest in competing in the event, however only seven of them eventually submitted entries, representingBosnia and Herzegovina,Croatia,Estonia,Hungary,Romania,Slovakia, andSlovenia.[10] Ultimately the entries from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Slovenia were chosen to progress to the contest proper in Millstreet;[1][4][10] asconstituent republics of SFR Yugoslavia, representatives from all three countries had previously competed in the contest.[15]

A number of artists who had previously participated in the contest were featured among the performers at this event for the same country, either as the main performing artist or as backing performers:Tony Wegas had representedAustria in 1992, and among his backing performers wasGary Lux, who had previously represented Austria in the contest on three occasions, as a member of the groupWestend in1983 and as a solo artist in1985 and1987;[16][17]Katri Helena had previously competed forFinland in 1979;[16]Tommy Seebach, representing Denmark as part of the Seebach Band, had representedDenmark in 1979 as a solo artist andin 1981 alongsideDebbie Cameron;[16] andHumphrey Campbell, who had represented theNetherlands in 1992, returned as a backing singer for the Dutch entrantRuth Jacott.[18]

Eurovision Song Contest 1993 participants[16][19]
CountryBroadcasterArtistSongLanguageSongwriter(s)Conductor
 AustriaORFTony Wegas"Maria Magdalena"GermanChristian Kolonovits
 BelgiumBRTNBarbara"Iemand als jij"Dutch
  • Tobana
  • Marc Vliegen
Bert Candries
 Bosnia and HerzegovinaRTVBiHFazla [bs]"Sva bol svijeta"BosnianNoel Kelehan[b]
 CroatiaHRTPut"Don't Ever Cry"Croatian, EnglishAndrej Baša
 CyprusCyBCZymboulakis [nl] andVan Beke [el]"Mi stamatas"(Μη σταματάς)Greek
  • Aristos Moschovakis
  • Rodoula Papalambrianou
George Theofanous
 DenmarkDRSeebach Band"Under stjernerne på himlen"DanishGeorge Keller
 FinlandYLEKatri Helena"Tule luo"FinnishOlli Ahvenlahti
 FranceFrance TélévisionPatrick Fiori"Mama Corsica"French,CorsicanFrançois ValéryChristian Cravero
 GermanyMDR[c]Münchener Freiheit"Viel zu weit"GermanStefan Zauner [de]Norbert Daum
 GreeceERTKaterina Garbi"Ellada, hora tou fotos"(Ελλάδα, χώρα του φωτός)GreekDimosthenis StringlisHaris Andreadis
 IcelandRÚVInga [is]"Þá veistu svarið"Icelandic
  • Friðrik Sturluson
  • Jon Kjell Seljeseth
Jon Kjell Seljeseth
 IrelandRTÉNiamh Kavanagh"In Your Eyes"EnglishJimmy WalshNoel Kelehan
 IsraelIBALehakat Shiru [he]"Shiru"(שירו)Hebrew, EnglishAmir Frohlich
 ItalyRAIEnrico Ruggeri"Sole d'Europa"ItalianEnrico RuggeriVittorio Cosma
 LuxembourgCLTModern Times [lb]"Donne-moi une chance"French, Luxembourgish
Francis Goya
 MaltaPBSWilliam Mangion [de;it;nl]"This Time"EnglishWilliam MangionJoseph Sammut [ru]
 NetherlandsNOSRuth Jacott"Vrede"DutchHarry van Hoof
 NorwayNRKSilje Vige [no]"Alle mine tankar"NorwegianBjørn Erik Vige [no]Rolf Løvland
 PortugalRTPAnabela"A cidade até ser dia"PortugueseArmindo Neves
 SloveniaRTVSLO1X Band [sl]"Tih deževen dan"Slovene
Jože Privšek
 SpainTVEEva Santamaría"Hombres"SpanishCarlos ToroEduardo Leiva
 SwedenSVTArvingarna"Eloise"SwedishCurt-Eric Holmquist
  SwitzerlandSRG SSRAnnie Cotton [fr]"Moi, tout simplement"French
  • Christophe Duc
  • Jean-Jacques Egli
Marc Sorrentino
 TurkeyTRTBurak Aydos [tr], Öztürk Baybora and Serter"Esmer Yarim"TurkishBurak AydosNo conductor
 United KingdomBBCSonia"Better the Devil You Know"English
  • Dean Collinson
  • Red
Nigel Wright
Entires which failed to progress fromKvalifikacija za Millstreet[10]
CountryBroadcasterArtistSongLanguageSongwriter(s)
 EstoniaETVJanika Sillamaa"Muretut meelt ja südametuld"Estonian
 HungaryMTVAndrea Szulák [hu]"Árva reggel"Hungarian
 RomaniaTVRDida Drăgan [ro]"Nu pleca"Romanian
 SlovakiaSTVElán"Amnestia na neveru"Slovak

Production and format

[edit]

The Eurovision Song Contest 1993 was produced by the Irish public broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Liam Miller served as executive producer, Kevin Linehan served as producer,Anita Notaro served as director, Alan Farquharson served as designer, andNoel Kelehan served as musical director, leading theRTÉ Concert Orchestra.[1][21][22][23] A separate musical director could be appointed by each participating broadcaster to lead the orchestra during the performance of its country's entry, with the host musical director also available toconduct for those which did not nominate their own conductor.[16] On behalf of the EBU, the event was overseen by Christian Clausen asscrutineer.[1][24][25]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[26][27] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[26][28] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-onlybacking tracks; however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage beingmimed by the performers.[28][29]

The results of the 1993 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[30] The points awarded by each country were determined by a jury assembled by each participating broadcaster of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[31][32]

The 1993 contest was at the time the largestoutside broadcast production ever undertaken by RTÉ, and the broadcaster was reported to have spent over£2,200,000 on producing the event.[33][34] In order to stage the event Millstreet and the Green Glens Arena underwent major infrastructure improvements, which were led by local groups and individuals.[5][35] The floor area within the arena had to be dug out in order to create additional height to facilitate the stage and equipment, extra phone lines had to be installed, and thetown's railway line and station required an extension at an extra cost of over£1,000,000.[3][4][36]

The stage design for the Millstreet contest featured the largest stage yet constructed for the event, covering 2,500ft2 (232m2) of translucent material which was illuminated from below by lighting strips. A mirror image of the triangular shaped stage was suspended from above, and a slanted background created a distorted perspective for the viewer. A hidden doorway featured in the centre of the stage, which was used by the presenter at the beginning of the show, and by the winning artist as they re-entered the arena following the broadcast.[4][34][37] The contest logo, which was publicly presented in February 1993, was designed by Conor Cassidy and was adapted from aspects of the coat of arms of County Cork.[34][38]

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 10 May 1993. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals were held on 10 and 11 May, consisting of a 15-minute stage-call for the setting up of the stage with instruments and equipment and to brief the orchestra, followed by a 25-minute rehearsal, with the second rehearsals held on 12 and 13 May comprising a 10-minute stage call and 20-minute rehearsal. Following each first rehearsal, there was an opportunity for delegates to review their country's rehearsals on video monitors, as well as to take part in a 25-minute press conference. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 14 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 15 May. An audience was present for the second dress rehearsal on the evening of 14 May, which was highly attended by the local population of Millstreet.[9][39]

Contest overview

[edit]
Niamh Kavanagh(pictured in 2010), won the 1993 contest.

The contest took place on 15 May 1993 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 1 minute.[1][16] The show was presented by the Irish journalistFionnuala Sweeney.[1][40]

The contest was opened by ananimated sequence designed by Gary Keenan and inspired byCeltic mythology, set toIrish traditional music by composers Ronan Johnston and Shea Fitzgerald and featuringuilleann pipes playerDavy Spillane.[5][34][41] The interval act comprised performances by previous Eurovision winnersLinda Martin, reprising her winning song from theprevious year's contest "Why Me?", andJohnny Logan, performing the song "Voices (Are Calling)" with choirs from theCork School of Music and local children of Millstreet.[41][42][43] The trophy awarded to the winners was crafted byWaterford Crystal and was presented by Linda Martin.[41][42]

The winner wasIreland represented by the song "In Your Eyes", written by Jimmy Walsh and performed byNiamh Kavanagh.[44] This marked Ireland's fifth contest win, putting them level withLuxembourg andFrance for the country with the most wins, and its second win in a row, matching the same feat previously achieved bySpain (1968 and1969), Luxembourg (1972 and1973) andIsrael (1978 and1979).[2][31] TheUnited Kingdom finished in second place for the second year in a row, and for a record-extending fourteenth time overall.[31][45]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1993[31][46]
R/OCountryArtistSongPointsPlace
1 ItalyEnrico Ruggeri"Sole d'Europa"4512
2 TurkeyBurak Aydos, Öztürk Baybora and Serter"Esmer Yarim"1021
3 GermanyMünchener Freiheit"Viel zu weit"1818
4  SwitzerlandAnnie Cotton"Moi, tout simplement"1483
5 DenmarkSeebach Band"Under stjernerne på himlen"922
6 GreeceKaterina Garbi"Ellada, hora tou fotos"649
7 BelgiumBarbara"Iemand als jij"325
8 MaltaWilliam Mangion"This Time"698
9 IcelandInga"Þá veistu svarið"4213
10 AustriaTony Wegas"Maria Magdalena"3214
11 PortugalAnabela"A cidade até ser dia"6010
12 FrancePatrick Fiori"Mama Corsica"1214
13 SwedenArvingarna"Eloise"897
14 IrelandNiamh Kavanagh"In Your Eyes"1871
15 LuxembourgModern Times"Donne-moi une chance"1120
16 Slovenia1X Band"Tih deževen dan"922
17 FinlandKatri Helena"Tule luo"2017
18 Bosnia and HerzegovinaFazla"Sva bol svijeta"2716
19 United KingdomSonia"Better the Devil You Know"1642
20 NetherlandsRuth Jacott"Vrede"926
21 CroatiaPut"Don't Ever Cry"3115
22 SpainEva Santamaría"Hombres"5811
23 CyprusZymboulakis and Van Beke"Mi stamatas"1719
24 IsraelLehakat Shiru"Shiru"424
25 NorwaySilje Vige"Alle mine tankar"1205

Spokespersons

[edit]

Each participating broadcaster appointed a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue viatelephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for its respective country.[26][47] Known spokespersons at the 1993 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

[edit]

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[31] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order. However, due to a technical problem with the telephone connection, Malta, which had been scheduled to be the eighth country to vote, was passed over and instead voted last.[31][41] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1993[31][55][56]
Total score
Italy
Turkey
Germany
Switzerland
Denmark
Greece
Belgium
Iceland
Austria
Portugal
France
Sweden
Ireland
Luxembourg
Slovenia
Finland
Bosnia and Herzegovina
United Kingdom
Netherlands
Croatia
Spain
Cyprus
Israel
Norway
Malta
Contestants
Italy451105108227
Turkey101216
Germany1882341
Switzerland1481012107846112671284108236435
Denmark9135
Greece64222765812776
Belgium33
Malta6975475542242464413
Iceland42441715275222
Austria3241336123
Portugal601122582421121235
France1217412387128106414381086
Sweden89887107104567710
Ireland1871215126623861012712381210610751212
Luxembourg11110
Slovenia94311
Finland2038522
Bosnia and Herzegovina273121434
United Kingdom16418658121212761088105341054128
Netherlands9266776351271037103
Croatia313458164
Spain585652210675118
Cyprus172105
Israel431
Norway1201010101261085131276128

12 points

[edit]

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Ireland received the maximum score of 12 points from seven of the voting countries, with the United Kingdom receiving four sets of 12 points, Norway and Switzerland receiving three sets of maximum scores each, France and Portugal two sets each, and Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Greece and the Netherlands each receiving one maximum score.[55][56]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1993[55][56]
N.ContestantNation(s) giving 12 points
7 Ireland Italy, Malta, Norway, Slovenia, Sweden,  Switzerland, United Kingdom
4 United Kingdom Austria, Belgium, Iceland, Israel
3 Norway Croatia, Finland, Greece
  Switzerland France, Germany, Luxembourg
2 France Denmark, Portugal
 Portugal Netherlands, Spain
1 Austria Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Bosnia and Herzegovina Turkey
 Greece Cyprus
 Netherlands Ireland

Broadcasts

[edit]

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants".[28] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers. These commentators were typically sent to the venue to report on the event, and were able to provide commentary from small booths constructed at the back of the venue.[57][58] The contest reportedly received an estimated global audience of 300 to 500 million television viewers.[59][60] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
CountryBroadcasterChannel(s)Commentator(s)Ref.
 AustriaORFORF 1Ernst Grissemann[61][62]
 BelgiumBRTNTV1André Vermeulen[63]
RTBFRTBF1,Sports 21Claude Delacroix[64]
 CroatiaHRTHTV 1Aleksandar Kostadinov[65]
 CyprusCyBCRIK 1Evi Papamichail[66]
Radio Frederik[67]
 DenmarkDRDR TVJørgen de Mylius[68]
DR P3Jens Michael Nielsen
 FinlandYLETV1Erkki Pohjanheimo and Kirsi-Maria Niemi[69]
RadiomafiaSanna Kojo andOuti Popp [fi]
RiksradionJohan Finne,Paul Olin [sv] andWille Wilenius [fi]
 FranceFrance TélévisionFrance 2Patrice Laffont[70]
 GermanyARDErstes Deutsches FernsehenJan Hofer[71]
BRBayern 1[72]
SSVCSSVC Television[73]
 GreeceERTET1[74]
 IcelandRÚVSjónvarpiðJakob Frímann Magnússon[75]
 IrelandRTÉRTÉ 1Pat Kenny[76][77]
RTÉ Radio 1Larry Gogan[78]
 IsraelIBAIsraeli Television[79]
 ItalyRAIRAI Uno[d]Ettore Andenna [it][80]
 LuxembourgCLTRTL Hei EleiRomain Goerend [lb][81]
 MaltaPBSTVM[82]
 NetherlandsNOSNederland 3Willem van Beusekom[83][84]
 NorwayNRKNRK Fjernsynet,NRK P2Leif Erik Forberg[85][86]
 PortugalRTPRTP Canal 1[e][87]
 SloveniaRTVSLOSLO 1Tajda Lekše [sl][88]
Val 202[89]
 SpainTVELa PrimeraJosé Luis Uribarri[90]
 SwedenSVTTV2Jan Jingryd [sv][91]
SRSR P3Claes-Johan Larsson and Susan Seidemar[92]
  SwitzerlandSRG SSRSF DRSBernard Thurnheer [de][61]
TSR Chaîne nationaleJean-Marc Richard[70]
TSI Canale nazionaleEmanuela Gaggini[70][93]
 TurkeyTRTTRT 1Bülend Özveren[54]
 United KingdomBBCBBC1[f]Terry Wogan[94]
BBC Radio 2Ken Bruce[95]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
CountryBroadcasterChannel(s)Commentator(s)Ref.
 AustraliaSBSSBS TV[g][96]
 EstoniaETV[97]
STVSTV1
 Falkland IslandsSSVCSSVC Television[h][98]
 Faroe IslandsSvF[99]
 GreenlandKNRKNR[i][100]
 HungaryMTVMTV1István Vágó[101]
 PolandTVPTVP1Artur Orzech andMaria Szabłowska [pl][102][103]
 RussiaRTRRTR[j][104]
 SlovakiaSTVSTV2[k][106]
 YugoslaviaRTSRTS B2[l][107]

Notes and references

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^Yugoslavia's participants had represented theSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between1961 and1991 and theFederal Republic of Yugoslavia in1992.[12]
  2. ^The nominated conductor for Bosnia and Herzegovina,Sinan Alimanović, was unable to safely commute to the flight to Ireland due to the ongoingBosnian War; the contest's musical director,Noel Kelehan, subsequently led the orchestra during the Bosnian entry.[16]
  3. ^On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortiumARD[20]
  4. ^Deferred broadcast at 23:05 (CEST)[80]
  5. ^Additional deferred broadcast onRTP Internacional at 22:45 (CEST)[70]
  6. ^Additional live broadcast onBBC World Service Television[85]
  7. ^Deferred broadcast the following day at 20:30 (AEST)[96]
  8. ^Delayed broadcast on 29 May at 21:00 (FKST)[98]
  9. ^Deferred broadcast at 22:10 (WGST)[100]
  10. ^Deferred broadcast at 23:30 (MSD);[104] also broadcast deferred via theOrbita satellite broadcasting system in theRussian Far East[105]
  11. ^Deferred broadcast the following day at 21:35 (CEST)[106]
  12. ^Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 28 May 1993 at 23:30 (CEST)[107]

References

[edit]
  1. ^abcdefghi"Millstreet 1993". European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Archived from the original on 15 October 2022. Retrieved21 October 2023.
  2. ^ab"Ireland – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved2 November 2022.
  3. ^abcRoxburgh 2020, p. 131.
  4. ^abcdefgO'Connor 2010, pp. 132–135.
  5. ^abcdeKnox 2015, p. 129–140, Chapter 15. The Cowshed in Cork.
  6. ^ab"Hosting Eurovision: A city in the spotlight". European Broadcasting Union (EBU). 30 July 2016.Archived from the original on 7 January 2018. Retrieved23 October 2023.
  7. ^Fitzpatrick, Richard (14 May 2013)."The Eurovision in Millstreet: Looking back 20 years on".Irish Examiner.Archived from the original on 1 October 2020. Retrieved23 October 2023.
  8. ^Bobé, Raúl; Aja, Javier (16 May 2021)."Millstreet, the town that saw its Eurovision dream come true".La Prensa Latina.Archived from the original on 16 May 2021. Retrieved23 October 2023.
  9. ^abRoxburgh 2020, pp. 135–137.
  10. ^abcdefghRoxburgh 2020, pp. 132–135.
  11. ^abJordan, Paul (18 September 2016)."Milestone Moments: 1993/4 – The Eurovision Family expands". European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Archived from the original on 13 May 2018. Retrieved26 October 2023.
  12. ^Escudero, Victor M. (17 September 2017)."Rock me baby! Looking back at Yugoslavia at Eurovision". European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Archived from the original on 17 September 2017. Retrieved23 October 2023.
  13. ^"RTS: "Evrosong" treba da bude mesto zajedništva naroda" [RTS: Eurovision should be a place of unity of the people] (in Serbian).Radio Television of Serbia (RTS). 14 April 2017.Archived from the original on 15 April 2017. Retrieved15 December 2022.
  14. ^Harding, Peter (December 1992).Linda Martin and Pat Kenny (1992) (Photograph).National Concert Hall,Dublin, Ireland.Archived from the original on 23 October 2023. Retrieved23 October 2023 – viaRTÉ Libraries and Archives.
  15. ^"Yugoslavia – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union (EBU).Archived from the original on 21 September 2022. Retrieved24 October 2023.
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Bibliography

[edit]
  • Knox, David Blake (2015).Ireland and the Eurovision: The Winners, the Losers and the Turkey.Stillorgan, Dublin, Ireland: New Island Books.ISBN 978-1-84840-429-8.
  • Murtomäki, Asko (2007).Finland 12 points! Suomen Euroviisut (in Finnish).Helsinki, Finland: Teos.ISBN 951-851-106-3.
  • O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010).The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom:Carlton Books.ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  • Roxburgh, Gordon (2020).Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s.Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing.ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  • Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006).Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in Swedish).Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing.ISBN 91-89136-29-2.

External links

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  • "Alle mine tankar"
  • "Better the Devil You Know"
  • "A cidade (até ser dia)"
  • "Donne-moi une chance"
  • "Don't Ever Cry"
  • "Ellada, hora tou fotos"
  • "Eloise"
  • "Esmer Yarim"
  • "Hombres"
  • "Iemand als jij"
  • "In Your Eyes"
  • "Mama Corsica"
  • "Maria Magdalena"
  • "Mi stamatas"
  • "Moi, tout simplement"
  • "Shiru"
  • "Sole d'Europa"
  • "Sva bol svijeta"
  • "Þá veistu svarið"
  • "Tih deževen dan"
  • "This Time"
  • "Tule luo"
  • "Under stjernerne på himlen"
  • "Viel zu weit"
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  • "Amnestia na neveru"
  • "Árva reggel"
  • "Muretut meelt ja südametuld"
  • "Nu pleca"
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