 | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Major junctions | |
| North end | Alta,Norway |
| South end | Gela, Italy |
| Location | |
| Countries |  Norway Finland Sweden Denmark Germany Austria Italy |
| Highway system | |
European route E45 connectsNorway andItaly, throughFinland,Sweden,Denmark,Germany andAustria. With a length of about 5,190 kilometres (3,225 mi), it is the longest north–southEuropean route (some east–west routes are longer).
The route passes throughAlta (Norway) –Kautokeino –Hetta (Finland) –Palojoensuu –Kaaresuvanto –Gällivare (Sweden) –Porjus –Jokkmokk –Arvidsjaur –Östersund –Mora –Säffle –Åmål –Brålanda –Gothenburg ...Frederikshavn (Denmark) –Aalborg –Randers –Aarhus –Skanderborg –Vejle –Kolding –Frøslev –Flensburg (Germany) –Hamburg –Hanover –Hildesheim –Göttingen –Kassel –Fulda –Würzburg –Nuremberg –Munich –Rosenheim –Wörgl (Austria) –Innsbruck –Brenner –Fortezza (Italy) –Bolzano –Trento –Verona –Modena –Bologna –Cesena –Perugia –Fiano Romano –Naples –Salerno –Sicignano –Cosenza –Villa San Giovanni ...Messina –Catania –Siracusa –Gela.[2]
E45 is 172 kilometres (107 mi) long in Norway and 101 kilometres (63 mi) long in Finland. It has no other number in Norway, but follows routes 21 and 93 in Finland.
The E45 was not signposted in Finland after the 2006 extension,[3] since the official document[2] uses theSwedish version ("Karesuando") of the name of the village at theFinnish–Swedish border, hinting that it would start on the Swedish side. The Swedish government proposed the extension alone in 2005 and let the E45 end at the border, partly because of lack of interest from Finnish authorities. The gap between the end of E45 and theEuropean route E8 was about 1 km along the existingFinnish regional road 959Karesuvanto (FIN) –Karesuando (SWE)
In August 2016, after a political proposal in 2007, the governments of Norway and Finland applied for an extension of E45Karesuando–Kaaresuvanto–Palojoensuu–Hetta–Kautokeino–Alta.[4] This was approved by the work group, and became valid on 5 December 2017.[5] E45 sign posts were mounted starting 9 February 2018,[6] replacing route 93 in Norway, and complementing road 959, 21 and 93 in Finland.
In November 2006, the E45 was extended with the then existingSwedish national road 45, which makes it start fromKaresuando at the Swedish–Finnish border (near theE8), overÖstersund–Mora–Grums, toGothenburg and on. This extended the length of the route by about 1,690 km (1,050 mi). The signs of road 45 was changed to E45 during the summer of 2007. The E45 has now no other national number. In Sweden the road is calledInlandsvägen.
The E45 in Sweden is mostly a standard road. Between Karesuando andTorsby (1370 km) the road is usually 6–8 meters wide, and goes mostly through sparsely populated forests, with occasional villages and only two cities above 10,000 people, Östersund and Mora. The E45 is a motorway for 6 km together with the E18 south of Grums. Between Säffle and Trollhättan several parts of it is2+1 road with a middle barrier, in total around 40 km. BetweenTrollhättan andSurte there is a 52 km long motorway, finished in 2012. Between Surte and Gothenburg there is a 17 km road designed equivalently to a motorway. The exception is that there are two gaps in the Trollhättan–Surte motorway and there are two traffic lights along the Surte–Gothenburg road. The speed limit is usually 100 km/h north of Mora and usually 90 km/h south thereof. There are 27 road crossings or intersections where the Swedish E45 does not follow the straight direction. There are 26 level crossings with railways. There are 19 motorway exits and 29 other motorway-like exits.
The ferry betweenGothenburg andFrederikshavn runs about six times a day and takes 3½ hours.
In Denmark the E45 is amotorway (speed limit 110 to 130 km/h or 70 to 80 mph) from the south of Frederikshavn along the east coast ofJutland to theDenmark–Germany border. The E45 has no other national number. It connects to theE39 andE20 motorways.
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In 1992 it was renamed from E3 (which before 1985 ended in Lisbon, Portugal) and until 2006, with the extension in Sweden, the northern endpoint was Frederikshavn.
The total length in Denmark is 357 km.
The E45 follows:
The length in Germany is 1022 km.
Between Nuremberg and Verona, Italy the E45 corresponds with the route of the old imperial road, theVia Imperii, though the Autobahns are newer roads.
The E45 follows:
The length in Austria is 109 km.
Owing to the greater recognition ofmotorways andnationally or locally numbered majorroads in Italy, in colloquial usage "E45" often refers to the Cesena-Orte segment,[7] possibly further expanded to include theRavenna-Cesena section of the SS3bis (formally part of theE55, and forming together theStrada di Grande Comunicazione Ravenna-Orte) and/or the Orte-Rome segment.
E45:Alta –Kautokeino –Norway/Finland border
Kt 93:Norway/Finland border –Hetta –Palojoensuu
Vt 21 /E8:Palojoensuu –Kaaresuvanto
St 959:Kaaresuvanto –Finland/Sweden border
E45:Karesuando –Svappavaara (Start of Concurrency with
E10) –Gällivare (End of Concurrency withE10) –Arvidsjaur –Storuman (Start of Concurrency with
E12) –Stensele (End of Concurrency withE12) –Håxås –Östersund (Start of Concurrency with
E14) –Brunflo (End of Concurrency withE14) –Sveg –Mora –Malung (Start of Concurrency with
E16) –Stöllet –Önneby –Torsby (End of Concurrency withE16) –Vålberg –Åmål –Trollhättan –Gothenburg
Gothenburg –Fredrikshavn
A 7:/ border –Flensburg –Neumünster –Hamburg –Hanover –Hildesheim -Göttingen –Kassel –Fulda –Würzburg
A 3:Würzburg –Nuremberg
A 9:Nuremberg –Ingolstadt –Munich
A 99:Munich
A 8:Munich –Rosenheim
A 93:Rosenheim –/ border
A 12:/ border –Kufstein –Wörgl (Start of Concurrency with
E60) –Wiesing –Innsbruck (End of Concurrency withE60)
A 13:Innsbruck –Matrei am Brenner –/ border
A 22:/ border –Brennero –Vipiteno –Bolzano –Trento –Rovereto –Verona –Mantua –Modena (Start of Concurrency with
E35)
A 1:Modena –La Stanga (End of Concurrency withE35)
A 14:La Stanga –Bologna –Cesena
SS 3bis:Cesena –San Piero in Bagno –Sansepolcro –Città di Castello -Umbertide –Perugia –Todi –Terni
SS 675:Terni –Narni –OrteA 1:Orte –Nazzano –Monterotondo –Frosinone –Caserta –Afragola –Casalnuovo di Napoli –Casoria –Naples
A 3:Naples –Pompeii –Salerno
A 2:Salerno –Battipaglia –Cosenza –Vibo Valentia –Villa San GiovanniVilla San Giovanni –Messina
A 18:Messina –Taormina –Giarre –Catania
RA 15:Catania
A CT-SR (Autostrada Catania-Siracusa):Catania –Mungina –Augusta
SS 114:Augusta –Melilli –SyracuseA 18:Syracuse –Noto –Rosolini
SS 115 –Rosolini –Modica –Ragusa –Comiso –Gela
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