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| Earliest publications | 19th century |
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European comics are comics produced inEurope. Thecomic album is a very common printed medium. The typical album is printed in large format, generally with high quality paper and colouring, commonly 24 cm × 32 cm (9.4 in × 12.6 in), has around 48–60 pages, but examples with more than 100 pages are common. While sometimes referred to asgraphic novels, this term is rarely used in Europe, and is not always applicable as albums often consist of separate short stories, placing them somewhere halfway between acomic book and a graphic novel. The European comic genres vary from the humorous adventure vein, such asThe Adventures of Tintin andAsterix,[1] to more adult subjects likeTex Willer,Diabolik, andThorgal.
The roots of European on-paper comics date back to 18th centurycaricatures (mocking others styles or behaviors) by artists such asWilliam Hogarth. The early 19th centurySwiss artistRodolphe Töpffer is regarded by many as the "father of the modern comic" and his publicationHistoire de Mr. Vieux Bois (1837) is sometimes called the first "comic book".[2]
Other precursors include illustrated picture books such asWilhelm Busch'sMax and Moritz (1865).
Franco-Belgian comics,Spanish comics, andItalian comics are historically amongst the dominant scenes of European comics.[3]
Earlier, paintings depicting stories in sequential frames using descriptive text, were used in murals, one such example is written inGreek, dating to the 2nd century and found inCapitolias, today inJordan.[4]
A number of festivals celebrating comic art are held around Europe. These include:
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