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Members of theEuropean Parliament (MEPs) areelected by the population of themember states of the European Union (EU). The European Electoral Act 2002 allows member states the choice to allocateelectoral subdivisions or constituencies (French:circonscriptions électorales;German:Wahlkreise;Italian:circoscrizioni elettorali;Swedish:valkretsar) for the European Parliament elections in several different ways.^[1]

Most EU countries operate a single national constituency which elects MEPs for the whole country.^[1] Belgium and Ireland are each subdivided into constituencies, with electoral results calculated separately in each constituency.^[1] Germany, Italy and Poland are each subdivided into electoral districts, with the number of representatives determined at the national level after each election in proportion to the votes cast in each district.^[1]

In Germany, political parties are entitled to present lists of candidates either atLänder or national level.

Currently, all constituencies use various forms ofproportional representation (PR), except the single-seatGerman-speaking electoral college in Belgium, which usesfirst-past-the-post. The parliament as a whole is not PR, becauseseats are apportioned between member states bydegressive proportionality.

Constituencies for the 2009 election

Constituencies for the 2014 election

Constituencies for the 2019 election

Denmark had a separate constituency for Greenland until 1985, when the autonomous territorywithdrew from theEEC (later expanded to become the EU).

Between 2004 and 2019, France was divided into 8 constituencies:

• East
• Île-de-France
• Massif-central–Centre
• North-West
• Overseas Territories
• South-East
• South-West
• West

Ireland's constituencies have changed several times:

• 1979 to 2004:Connacht–Ulster,Dublin,Leinster,Munster
• 2004 to 2014: Dublin,East,North-West,South
• 2014 to present: Dublin,Midlands–North-West, South

Before the United Kingdom'swithdrawal from the EU, there was a 3-membersingle transferable vote constituency coveringNorthern Ireland. The constituencies coveringEngland,Scotland, andWales changed several times:

• Between 1979 and 1994, there were 78first-past-the-post single-member constituencies.
• Between 1994 and 1999, there were 84 first-past-the-post single-member constituencies.
• Between 1999 and 2020, there were 11d'Hondt multi-member constituencies, one for each of Scotland, Wales, and the nineregions of England. From 2004, theSouth West England constituency also coveredGibraltar.

On May 3, 2022, the European Parliament passed (323 votes to 262) a "legislative resolution on the reform of European electoral law".^[4] Among the proposals is the creation of a 28-member pan-Union constituency elected by party-list proportional representation on a list separate from elections for regional constituencies.^[5] However in July 2023 the reference to it was removed by theEuropean Council.^[6]

• Member of the European Parliament
• Constituency
• Apportionment in the European Parliament

Wikimedia Commons has media related toEuropean Parliament constituencies.

• Fact Sheets on the European Union
• European Parliament election, 2004 (Belgium) – electoral law
• European Parliament election, 2004 (Finland) – electoral law
• European Parliament election, 2004 (France) – electoral law
• European Parliament election, 2004 (Ireland) – electoral law
• European Parliament election, 2004 (Poland) – electoral law
• European Parliament election, 2004 (United Kingdom) – electoral law

• European Parliament
• European Parliament constituencies
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