| European Health Insurance Card | |
|---|---|
 Example of a Slovenian EHIC card | |
 Validity of EHIC cards | |
| Type | ID-1 |
| Issued by | Member states of theEuropean Economic Area[a][1] Switzerland United Kingdom[b][2] |
| First issued | 1 June 2004 |
| Purpose | Access to free or reduced cost health services in any EEA member state, Switzerland and the United Kingdom |
| Valid in | European Economic Area Switzerland United Kingdom[c] |
| Eligibility | EEA, Swiss or UK residency[d] |
| Cost | Free |
| European Union decision | |
| Text withEEA relevance | |
 | |
| Title | Decision No 189 of 18 June 2003 aimed at introducing a European health insurance card to replace the forms necessary for the application of Council Regulations (EEC) No 1408/71 and (EEC) No 574/72 as regards access to health care during a temporary stay in a Member State other than the competent state or the state of residence[3] |
|---|---|
| Made by | The Administrative Commission |
| Journal reference | [1] |
| Current legislation | |
TheEuropean Health Insurance Card (EHIC) is issued free of charge to anyone who is insured by or covered by a statutory social security scheme of theEEA countries orSwitzerland and certain citizens and residents of theUnited Kingdom. It allows holders to receive medical treatment in another member state in the same way as residents of that state—i.e., free or at a reduced cost—if treatment becomes necessary during their visit (for example, due to illness or an accident), or if they have a chronicpre-existing condition which requires care such askidney dialysis. The term of validity of the card varies according to the issuing country. The EEA countries and Switzerland have reciprocal healthcare arrangements with the United Kingdom, which issues aUK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC) valid in the EEA countries and, in most cases, in Switzerland.[4]
The intention of the scheme is to allow people to continue their stay in a country without having to return home for medical care, and does not cover people who have visited a country for the purpose of obtaining medical care, or non-urgent care that can be delayed until the individual returns to their home country (for example, mostdental care). The costs not covered by self-liability fees are paid by the issuing country, which is usually the country of residence, but may also be the country from which the patient receives the most pension.[5] The card only covers healthcare which is normally covered by a statutory health care system in the visited country; additional costs can be met by taking outtravel insurance.
The format of the EHIC complies with theID-1 format, i.e. the size of most banking cards and ID cards (53.98 mm high, 85.60 mm wide and 0.76 mm thick).[6]
The card was phased in from 1 June 2004 and throughout 2005, becoming the sole healthcare entitlement document on 1 January 2006.
It replaced the following medical forms:
The card is applicable in allFrenchoverseas departments (Martinique,Guadeloupe,Réunion, andFrench Guiana) as they are part of the EEA, but notnon-EEA dependent territories such asAruba, orFrench Polynesia.[7] However, there are agreements for the use of the EHIC in theFaroe Islands andGreenland,[8] even though they are not in the EEA.
The card exists because theright to health care in the European Union is based on the country of legal residence, not the country of citizenship. Therefore, a passport is not enough to receive health care. It is however possible that aphoto ID document is asked for, since the European Health Insurance Card does not contain a photo.
In some cases, even if a person is covered by the health insurance of anEU country, one is not eligible for a European Health Insurance Card. For instance, in Romania, a person who is currently insured has to have been insured for the previous five years to be eligible.[9]
European Health Insurance cards are provided free to all legal residents of participating countries. There are however various businesses who act as non-official agents on behalf of individuals, arranging supply of the cards in return for payment, often offering additional services such as the checking of applications for errors and general advice or assistance.[10] This has proved extremely controversial. In 2010 the British government moved against companies that invited people to pay for the free EHIC, falsely implying that through payment the applicant could speed up the process.[11][12]
As of 2021, 31 countries in Europe participate: the 30member states of the European Economic Area (EEA) plusSwitzerland. This includes the 27member states of the European Union (EU) and 4member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA).[13]
TheUnited Kingdom was a participant in the scheme as amember of the European Union until itswithdrawal from the union. It continued to participate provisionally until the end of theBrexit transition period on 31 December 2020.
TheEU–UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement grants continued reciprocal healthcare access between the EU and the UK. EU citizens can continue to use their EHIC within the UK,[14] while EHIC in the UK was replaced by aUK Global Health Insurance Card (GHIC).[15][16] Since 2022, some UK citizens and permanent residents are eligible for a new UK-issuedEHIC valid for visits to these countries as well as to Switzerland.[17][4] Eligible persons are those who meet one of the following criteria:[18]
During its participation in the scheme, EHIC access covered theBritish overseas territory ofGibraltar. Thecrown dependencies of theChannel Islands andIsle of Man were not covered by the EHIC as they were never members of the EU and EEA, and their residents were not eligible for EHICs.[21]
