 | |
| EUCSDPagency overview | |
|---|---|
| Formed | 12 July 2004; 21 years ago (2004-07-12) |
| Jurisdiction | European Union |
| Headquarters | Lakenweversstraat 17-21,Brussels, Belgium |
| Annual budget | €34,1 million (2020)[1] |
| EUCSDPagency executives |
|
| Key document | |
| Website | eda.europa.eu |
| Map | |
  Brussels European Defence Agency (European Union) | |
TheEuropean Defence Agency (EDA) is anagency of theEuropean Union (EU) that promotes and facilitatesintegration betweenmember states within the EU'sCommon Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). The EDA is headed by the EUHigh Representative for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, European Commission’s Vice President (HR/VP), and reports to theCouncil. The EDA was established on 12 July 2004 and is based inBrussels, Belgium, along with a number of other CSDP bodies.
AllEU member states take part in the agency.
The EDA and theEuropean External Action Service (EEAS), including theEU Military staff (EUMS), together form the Secretariat of thePermanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO), the structural integration pursued by 26 of the 27 national armed forces of the EU since 2017.[2]
The council established the EDA "to support the Member States and the Council in their effort to improve European defence capabilities in the field of crisis management and to sustain the European Security and Defence Policy as it stands now and develops in the future". Within that overall mission are three functions;[3]
EDA acts as a catalyst, promotes collaborations, launches new initiatives and introduces solutions to improve defence capabilities. It is the place where Member States willing to develop capabilities in cooperation do so. It is also a key facilitator in developing the capabilities necessary to underpin the Common Security and Defence Policy of the Union.
Current organigramme is available here
The Agency is monitored and managed in three ways.[4]
The EU HR/VP, currentlyKaja Kallas, acts as the Head of the EDA. The Head is responsible for the overall organisation and functioning, ensuring the implementation of guidelines and decisions and chairing ministerial meetings of the Steering Board.Javier Solana was the inaugural head of the EDA, a position which he held from 2004 to 2009.
EDA's Steering Board is the agency's decision-making body. The Steering Board is composed of the defence ministers of participating Member States together with a representative of theEuropean Commission and is led by the Head of the Agency.[3] The Steering Board is responsible for projects such as the proposed pan-EuropeanFuture Transport Helicopter.[5][6]
The Chief Executive, appointed by the HR/VP, is the agency's head of staff, responsible for the supervision and daily management of the agency.[7]
| Name | Nationality | Term of office |
|---|---|---|
| Nick Witney[9] |  United Kingdom | 2004–2007 |
| Alexander Weis |  Germany | 2007–October 2010 |
| Vacant | October 2010–January 2011 | |
| Claude-France Arnould |  France | January 2011–February 2015 |
| Jorge Domecq[7] |  Spain | February 2015 – January 2020 |
| Jiří Šedivý[10] |  Czech Republic | April 2020 – May 2025 |
| André Denk[11] | Germany | May 2025 – Present |
As of 16 May 2025,Major General André Denk serves as Chief Executive of the European Defence Agency (EDA), becoming the first high-ranking military officer to lead the Agency since its creation in 2004.[12]
Before taking up the post, Denk served as EDA’s Deputy Chief Executive from February 2023, where he led initiatives on jointprocurement of 155mm ammunition to support Ukraine.[13] His military career includes senior roles such as Director of Logistics at the EU Military Staff and Commander of the Bundeswehr Logistics School, alongside deployments under EU, UN, and NATO mandates in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Afghanistan, and Mali.[14]
He succeededJiří Šedivý, EDA’s Chief Executive from 2020 to 2025.[15] Šedivý, a former Czech Defence Minister, was appointed on the recommendation ofJosep Borrell, Head of the Agency.
Since 2019 the agency has been reorganised into four directorates.
TheIndustry Synergies & Enablers Directorate supports a range of activities critical to collaborative defence capability development in Europe. On top of leading the work on identifying, together with Member States, Key Strategic Activities (KSA) at EU level, the ISE Directorate is responsible for the effective engagement with industry across the agency's activities and in support of related priorities set by Member States.
The ISE Directorate facilitates work to address the implications of EU legislation and policies for the defence sector: REACH, procurement, funding instruments and the analysis of developments influencing governmental and industrial stakeholders.
TheCapability, Armament & Planning Directorate supports the coherent development of the European defence landscape by integrating EDA's involvement in the Capability Development Plan (CDP), the Coordinated Annual Review on Defence (CARD) and thePermanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO). The Directorate also identifies, plans and proposes collaborative opportunities in support of EU capability development priorities and tailored to Member States' needs, representing a coherent approach from priority setting to impact.
The Directorate is in charge of preparing the Capability Development Plan, based on the analysis of military requirements conducted together with Member States. It also identifies output- oriented EU capability development priorities and coordinates the development of Strategic Context Cases to facilitate the implementation of these priorities.
The Research, Technology & Innovation Directorate promotes and supports defence research at EU level. Based on the Overarching Strategic Research Agenda (OSRA), developed together with the Member States, the Directorate coordinates and plans joint research activities and the study of technical solutions to meet future operational needs.
The RTI Directorate provides support to Member States and to the European Commission for the Preparatory Action for defence research, including its implementation, and the research dimension of the European Defence Fund. The Directorate also ensures the promotion of innovation in defence and the exploitation of synergies at EU level with civil research in dual-use technology fields.
The Corporate Services Directorate provides business and administrative support to EDA and includes units such as human resources, finance, IT, security, and infrastructure management, and the legal office.
The agency is financed by its members in proportion to theirGross National Income. An effect of this is that some nations pay different contributions towards the budgets than others.
EDA's budget consists of the general budget, the budgets associated with ad hoc projects or programmes and budgets resulting from additional revenue for a total budget of €151.847 million in 2022.
This budget covers the Agency's operating costs. Individual projects are funded separately.
| Year | Budget (€ millions) | Expenditure (€ millions) |
|---|---|---|
| 2004 | 1.9 | 0.4 |
| 2005 | 20.7 | 12.8 |
| 2006 | 22.7 | 18.8 |
| 2007 | 22.4 | 21.5 |
| 2008 | 27.5 | 26.2 |
| 2009 | 29.2 | 28.1 |
| 2010 | 31.0 | 30.5 |
| 2011 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| 2012 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| 2013 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| 2014 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| 2015 | 30.5 | 30.1 |
| 2016 | 30.5 | 30.5 |
| 2017 | 31.6 | 31.4 |
| 2018 | 33.6 | 32.9 |
| 2019 | 35.3 | 34.7 |
| 2020 | 37.6 | 37.0 |
| 2021 | 37.5 | 36.8 |
| 2022 | 39.8 | 39.1 |
| 2023 | 44.8 | 43.2 |
In its draft budget for the period 2021–2027, theEuropean Commission allocated €27.5 billion for defence and security.[17]
The European Defence Agency is part of several decades of steadily more formal defence cooperation in Europe. Its work is a continuation of the work of theWestern European Armaments Organization (WEAO) and theWestern European Armaments Group (WEAG) – it effectively represents the transference of their functions from theWEU to the EU framework, and thus continues the decommissioning of the WEU.
Established by the European Council in December 2001 following the Laeken Declaration, the European Convention (also known as theConvention on the Future of Europe) was a body intended to include the main EU “stakeholders” in a major brainstorming exercise about the future direction of the European Union. Its final purpose was to produce a draft constitution for the EU to finalise and adopt. This period saw a renewed impetus for the creation of a European Defence Agency.
In its final report, the Convention working group on Defence laid out some of the foundations of what would become the European Defence Agency we know today - although the final name wasn’t there yet. “The setting up on an intergovernmental basis of a European Armaments and Strategic Research Agency was supported by many in the Group”, the official document stated. “The Agency’s initial tasks would be to ensure the fulfilment of operational requirements by promoting a policy of harmonised procurement by the Member States and to support research into defence technology, including military space systems.
A year after theRussian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, the EDA set up a project for theCommon Procurement of Ammunition, looking at 155mm artillery rounds and a longer term project looking at multiple ammunition types, to support Ukraine and to replenish national stocks. By March 2023, 25 countries had joined the project.[18] The EDA also signed an agreement in April 2023 with theUnited States Department of Defense designed to provide a framework for transatlantic cooperation on shared defence issues, including supply chains.[19]
.svg)
The Agency signed Administrative Arrangements withNorway (2006),[20]Switzerland (2012),Serbia (2013),Ukraine (2015) and theUnited States (2023) enabling them to participate in EDA's projects and programmes without exercising voting rights. All Administrative Arrangements are approved by the European Council. The Head of the Agency is responsible for negotiating these arrangements in accordance with directives given by the EDA Steering Board.[21]
The departure of theUnited Kingdom from the EU in 2020 (Brexit) saw no mention in the EU/UK agreements of the EDA working with the UK. The UK is one of the top five defence spenders in the world and its departure meant that only France, alone in the EU, can conduct full-spectrum military operations abroad.[22] The UK still maintains a treaty with France for aCombined Joint Expeditionary Force whether acting bilaterally or through NATO, the EU, or other coalition arrangements. On 6 October 2022, the UK joined the military mobility project within the EU’sPermanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) framework.[23]
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| Other | |
