Europe of 100 Flags is a concept developed by Breton nationalistYann Fouéré in his 1968 book,L'Europe aux Cent Drapeaux.^[1][2] It proposes a redrawing of European borders away from already existing nations to smaller regional polities, in a way that more resembles a map of the region during theMiddle Ages, including the creation of states for Basques, Bretons, and Flemings.^[1][3]

The continent would "divide to unite" and "decentralize inwardly and federate outwardly". These regions would be designed to promote regionalism andEuropean federalism as a replacement for nationalism, and redefine extreme European boundaries more strictly in terms of ethnically homogeneous "authentic" historic regions. These individually ethnically "pure" states would then be incorporated under a "post-liberal-pan-European framework".^[4][3][5]

It has been embraced by many in thefar-right, such as those among theIdentitarian movement^[6][7] and theNouvelle Droite – the French New Right – and has been described as a "multiculturalism of the right", one based on exclusion,^[8]homogeneity,^[9] andethnoregionalism.^[3] TheOxford Handbook of the Radical Right describes it as a minor exception to theradical right's preference forethnic nationalism. Political scientistAlberto Spektorowski described it as a way for the radical-right to publicly recognize outsiders while preventing them from assimilating or gaining political power.^[3] It has also been described as a form of "ultra-regionalism" as a re-framing of theultra-nationalism common tofascism.^[3][10] TheDictionary of Irish Biography noted however that Fouéré was influenced by the mutualist anarchistPierre-Joseph Proudhon.^[11]

• Ethnopluralism
• Neo-nationalism
• Right-wing populism
• Ultranationalism

• Regionalism (politics)
• Stateless nationalism in Europe
• Identitarian movement

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