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Eulmash-shakin-shumi

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King of Babylon
Eulmaš-šākin-šumi
King of Babylon
Reignc. 1000–984 BC
PredecessorKaššu-nādin-aḫi
2nd Sealand Dynasty
SuccessorNinurta-kudurrῑ-uṣur I
HouseBῑt-Bazi Dynasty

Eulmaš-šākin-šumi, inscribed incuneiform asÉ-ul-maš-GAR-MU,[i 1] or prefixed with the masculine determinativem,[i 2] “Eulmaš[nb 1] (is) the establisher of offspring”,[1]: p. 160, n. 971 c. 1000–984 BC, was the founder of the 6th Dynasty ofBabylon, known as theBῑt-Bazi Dynasty, after theKassite tribal group from which its leaders were drawn. TheDynastic Chronicle[i 3] tells us that he ruled for fourteen years, the King List A,[i 2] seventeen years.

Biography

[edit]

A small settlement near the Tigris in the 23rd century had been adopted by a minor Kassite clan by the 14th century, the name being co-opted as the ancestor figure for the tribe. In the midst of the turmoil inflicted by theAramean migrations and the famines that drove them, Eulmaš-šākin-šumi seems to have seized the throne and possibly moved his capital to Kar-Marduk, a hitherto unknown location presumed to be less vulnerable to invasions of semi-nomads than Babylon.[2]

An earlier character called Eulmaš-šākin-šumi,son of Bazi, appears as a witness on akudurru[i 4] recording a land grant[3] of twentyGUR arable land to Adad-zêr-ikîša, where he is called (amêlu)šaq-šup-par ša mâtâti, “officer of the lands” and also another[i 5] confirming ownership of sevenGUR of arable land to a certain Iqīša-Ninurta, where he is described as asak-ru-maš, “chariot officer.”[4] He may also appear on another small broken kudurru,[i 6] if his name has been deciphered correctly, but these three are dated to the tenth (first kudurru) and thirteenth (second and third kudurrus) years of the reign ofMarduk-nādin-aḫḫē,[5] too early to be this monarch if the chronology and sequence of kings currently favored is followed, but quite possibly an ancestor.

TheAssyrian King List[i 7] has him contemporary withŠulmanu-ašaredu II, an unlikely pairing. TheReligious Chronicle[i 8] mentions the “goddesses, the troops” in his fourteenth year but the context is lost. TheEclectic Chronicle[i 9] records that “(Marduk stayed) on the dais (in) the fifth year of Eulmaš-šakin-šumi, the king. The fourteenth year …,” which seem to refer to interruptions in theAkitu festival.[6] TheSun God Tablet[i 10] ofNabu-apla-iddina relates that Ekur-šum-ušabši, the priest and seer appointed during the time ofSimbar-šipak, complained that due to the “stress and famine underKaššu-nādin-aḫi,” an intermediate monarch, "the temple offerings ofŠamaš (had) ceased," prompting Eulmaš-šākin-šumi to divert flour and sesame wine from that allocated to the godBel and a garden in the new city district of Babylon for ongoing provisions.[3]

There is an inscribedLorestān bronze sword and fifteen inscribed arrowheads, somewhat inappropriately inscribed with the titlešar kiššati, "king of the world," probably for use as votive offerings at temples rather than as offensive weapons.[7] TheDynastic Chronicle reports that “he was buried in the palace of Kar-Marduk.”[i 3] He was succeeded by Ninurta-kuddurī-uṣur and later Širikti-Šuqamuna, both “sons of Bazi.”

Inscriptions

[edit]
  1. ^In contemporary arrowheads, such as IMJ 74.049.0124 in the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, atCDLI
  2. ^abBabylonian King List A, BM 33332, iii '10.
  3. ^abDynastic Chronicle v 9.
  4. ^BM 90840 i 29.
  5. ^Kudurru IM 90585, ii 10.
  6. ^Kudurru from the Museum of Warwick, ii 12,
  7. ^Assyrian King List A.117, Assur 14616c, iii 5 and also fragment (KAV 182) iii 2.
  8. ^Religious Chronicle ii 26-29 (restored).
  9. ^Chronicle 24: BM 27859, 14–15.
  10. ^TheSun God Tablet, BM 91000 i 24 – ii 17.

Note

[edit]
  1. ^Eulmaš was the name of theIštar temple in the city ofAgade.

References

[edit]
  1. ^J. A. Brinkman (1968).A Political History of post-Kassite Babylonia, 1158-722 B.C. (AnOr. 43). Pontificium Institutum Biblicum. pp. 160–162.
  2. ^J. A. Brinkman (1982). "Babylonia, c. 1000 – 748 B.C.". In John Boardman; I. E. S. Edwards; N. G. L. Hammond; E. Sollberger (eds.).The Cambridge Ancient History (Volume 3, Part 1). Cambridge University Press. pp. 296–297.
  3. ^abL. W. King (1912).Babylonian boundary-stones and memorial tablets in the British Museum. London: British Museum. pp. 44, 122. no. VIII and XXXVI respectively.
  4. ^A. Livingstone (2006). "A neglected Kudurru or boundary stone of Marduk-Nādin-Aḫḫē?".Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale.100 (1):75–82.doi:10.3917/assy.100.0075.
  5. ^A. H. Sayce (1897). "Assyriological Notes, No. 2".Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archeology.XIX: 71.
  6. ^Albert Kirk Grayson (1975).Assyrian and Babylonian chronicles. J. J. Augustin. pp. 36, 181.
  7. ^Cl. Baurain; C. Bonnet, eds. (1991).Phoinikeia Grammata. Lire et ecrire en Mediterranee Actes du Colloque de Liege, 15-18 novembre 1989. Peeters Publishers. p. 104.
Kings of Babylon
Period
Dynasty
  • Kings  (foreign ruler
  • vassal king
  • female)
Old Babylonian Empire
(1894–1595 BC)
I
II
Kassite period
(1729–1157 BC)
III
Middle Babylonian period
(1157–732 BC)
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
Neo-Assyrian period
(732–626 BC)
Neo-Babylonian Empire
(626–539 BC)
X
Babylon under foreign rule (539 BC – AD 224)
Persian period
(539–331 BC)
XI
Hellenistic period
(331–141 BC)
XII
XIII
Parthian period
(141 BC – AD 224)
XIV
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