| Urceolina | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Urceolina urceolata | |
Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Monocots |
| Order: | Asparagales |
| Family: | Amaryllidaceae |
| Subfamily: | Amaryllidoideae |
| Tribe: | Eucharideae |
| Genus: | Urceolina Rchb. |
| Type species | |
| Urceolina urceolata(Ruiz & Pav.) Asch. & Graebn., syn.Urceolaria pendulaHerb., nom. illeg.[1] | |
| Synonyms[2] | |
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Urceolina is a genus of South American plants in theamaryllis family native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Panama, and Peru.[2][3] It has also been introduced to many South and Central American states, as well as India and Sri Lanka.[2] The formerly accepted generaEucharis andCaliphruria are now regarded assynonyms of this genus.[2] Many species of this genus share the common nameAmazon lily.[4][5]
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In 1821,William Herbert published the genus nameUrceolaria and transferredCrinum urceolatum to the genus asUrceolaria pendula. However, Herbert's name wasillegitimate since the genus name had already been published in 1786 when it was attributed toJuan Ignacio Molina. (Molina's name was later rejected in favour ofSarmienta.) In 1828,Ludwig Reichenbach used the nameUrceolina for the genus. This is now a conserved name with the type species beingUrceolina urceolata based onCrinum urceolatum.[1]
Urceolina is placed in the tribeEucharideae.Eucharis, whose flower has a conspicuous staminal cup (which is different from the corona ofNarcissus), andCaliphruria, whose staminal cup is heavily reduced, were formerly regarded as separate genera within the tribe. A 2020molecular phylogenetic study showed that these two genera (excludingC. korsakoffii) form amonophyletic clade withUrceolina sensu stricto, sister toStenomesson:[6]
| Eucharideae |
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The clade showed extensive ancestralreticulation. The authors of the study placed all the species belonging to the clade in an expandedUrceolina.[6]
Species of the former generaEucharis andCaliphruria (exceptC. korsakoffii, nowStenomesson korsakoffii) as well asEucrosia dodsonii (nowUrceolina dodsonii) have been transferred to this genus.[6] Therefore,Urceolina includes the following species:[2][6]
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Many of the species of the genus are endangered. For example,Urceolina hartwegiana andU. subedentata arethreatened by extinction, andU. tenera is listed as extinct.[8][9]
Urceolina amazonica,U. ×grandiflora, andU. subedentata are the best-known and most generally cultivated species.[10] It is propagated by removing the offsets, which may be done in spring, potting them singly in 15 cm pots. It requires goodloamy soil, with enoughsand to keep the compost open, and should have a good supply of water. A temperature of 18° to 20 °C during the night, and rising to 25 °C in the day. During summer growth is to be encouraged by repotting, but the plants should afterwards be slightly rested by removal to a night temperature of about 15 °C, water being withheld for a time, though they must not be left dry for too long, the plant being anevergreen. By the turn of the year they may again have more heat and more water, and this will probably induce them to flower.[10] With a stock of the smaller plants to start them in succession, it is possible to have plants in flower all the year round.[10]
One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Eucharis".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 868.