Phylogenetic position of living Euarchontoglires (in blue) among placentals in a genus-level molecular phylogeny of 116 extant mammals inferred from the gene tree information of 14,509coding DNA sequences.[3] The other major clades are colored: marsupials (magenta), xenarthrans (orange), afrotherians (red), and laurasiatherians (green).
The Euarchontoglires clade is based onDNA sequence analyses andretrotransposonmarkers that combine the cladesGlires (Rodentia + Lagomorpha) andEuarchonta (Scandentia + Primates + Dermoptera).[1] It is usually discussed without ataxonomic rank but has been called a cohort, magnorder, or superorder. Relations among the four cohorts (Euarchontoglires,Xenarthra,Laurasiatheria,Afrotheria) and the identity of the placental root remain controversial.[4][5]
So far, few, if any, distinctive anatomical features have been recognized that support Euarchontoglires; nor does any strong evidence fromanatomy support alternative hypotheses.[citation needed] Although both Euarchontoglires anddiprotodontmarsupials are documented to possess avermiform appendix, this feature evolved as a result ofconvergent evolution.[6]
Euarchontoglires probably split from theBoreoeutheriamagnorder about 85 to 95 million years ago, during theCretaceous, and developed in theLaurasian island group that would later becomeEurope.[citation needed] This hypothesis is supported by molecular evidence; so far, the earliest knownfossils date to the earlyPaleocene.[7] The combined clade of Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria is recognized asBoreoeutheria.[8]
One study based on DNA analysis suggests that Scandentia and Primates are sister clades, but does not discuss the position of Dermoptera.[10] Although it is known that Scandentia is one of the most basal Euarchontoglires clades, the exact phylogenetic position is not yet considered resolved, and it may be a sister of Glires, Primatomorpha or Dermoptera or to all other Euarchontoglires.[11][5][12] Some old studies place Scandentia as sister of the Glires, invalidating Euarchonta.[13][14]
^abMurphy, William J.; Eizirik, Eduardo; O'Brien, Stephen J.; Madsen, Ole; Scally, Mark; Douady, Christophe J.; Teeling, Emma; Ryder, Oliver A.; Stanhope, Michael J.; de Jong, Wilfried W.; Springer, Mark S. (2001). "Resolution of the early placental mammal radiation using Bayesian phylogenetics".Science.294 (5550):2348–2351.Bibcode:2001Sci...294.2348M.doi:10.1126/science.1067179.PMID11743200.S2CID34367609.
^Scally M, Madsen O, Douady CJ, de Jong WW, Stanhope MJ, Springer MS (2001). "Molecular evidence for the major clades of placental mammals".Journal of Mammalian Evolution.8 (4):239–277.doi:10.1023/A:1014446915393.S2CID24199924.
^Zhou, Xuming; Sun, Fengming; Xu, Shixia; Yang, Guang; Li, Ming (2015-03-01). "The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful".Integrative Zoology.10 (2):186–198.doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116.ISSN1749-4877.PMID25311886.
^Meredith, Robert W.; Janečka, Jan E.; Gatesy, John; Ryder, Oliver A.; Fisher, Colleen A.; Teeling, Emma C.; Goodbla, Alisha; Eizirik, Eduardo; Simão, Taiz L. L. (2011-10-28). "Impacts of the Cretaceous terrestrial revolution and KPg extinction on mammal diversification".Science.334 (6055):521–524.Bibcode:2011Sci...334..521M.doi:10.1126/science.1211028.ISSN0036-8075.PMID21940861.S2CID38120449.
^Zhou, Xuming; Sun, Fengming; Xu, Shixia; Yang, Guang; Li, Ming (2015-03-01). "The position of tree shrews in the mammalian tree: Comparing multi-gene analyses with phylogenomic results leaves monophyly of Euarchonta doubtful".Integrative Zoology.10 (2):186–198.doi:10.1111/1749-4877.12116.ISSN1749-4877.PMID25311886.
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