Etobicoke | |
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    From top, left to right: Humber Bay Park East,Downtown Toronto from Humber Park,Gardiner Expressway from Royal York Road,Humber Bay Arch Bridge | |
.svg) Flag .svg) Seal | |
| Motto: "The Leading Edge of Metro" | |
 Location of Etobicoke (red) compared to the rest of Toronto. | |
| Coordinates:43°36′58″N79°30′45″W / 43.61611°N 79.51250°W /43.61611; -79.51250 | |
| Country | Canada |
| Province | Ontario |
| Municipality | Toronto |
| Incorporated | January 1, 1850 (township) January 1, 1967 (borough) June 1983 (city) |
| Changed Region | 1954Metropolitan Toronto fromYork County |
| Amalgamated | January 1, 1998 intoToronto |
| Government | |
| • Councillors | |
| • MPs | Federal reps |
| • MPPs | Provincial reps
|
| Area | |
• Total | 123.93 km2 (47.85 sq mi) |
| Population | |
• Total | 376,237 |
| • Density | 3,035.9/km2 (7,863/sq mi) |
| Demonym | Etobian[1] |
| Time zone | UTC-5 (EST) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC-4 (EDT) |
| Postal code span | M8V-M9C, M9P-M9R, M9V-M9W |
| Area codes | 416, 647, 437 |
Etobicoke (/ɛˈtoʊbɪkoʊ/ ⓘ,eh-TOH-bik-oh) is an administrative district and former city withinToronto, Ontario, Canada. Comprising the city's west end, Etobicoke is bordered on the south byLake Ontario, on the east by theHumber River, on the west byEtobicoke Creek, the cities ofBrampton, andMississauga, theToronto Pearson International Airport (a small portion of the airport extends into Etobicoke), and on the north by the city ofVaughan atSteeles Avenue West.
The area of Etobicoke was first settled by Europeans in the 1790s. Primarily an agricultural district, it was incorporated in 1850 as Etobicoke Township. The municipality grew into city status in the 20th century afterWorld War II. Several independent villages and towns developed and became part of Etobicoke, first whenMetropolitan Toronto was formed in 1954 and later, in a 1967 consolidation. In 1998, its city status and government dissolved after it wasamalgamated into present-day Toronto.
Etobicoke has a highly diverse population, which numbered 365,143 in 2016. It is primarily suburban in development and heavily industrialized, resulting in a lower population density than the other districts of Toronto. Much of its cityscape is characterized by larger main streets, shopping malls, and cul-de-sac housing developments. Etobicoke has several expressways, includingHighways 427,401,409, theQueen Elizabeth Way andGardiner Expressway. Etobicoke is the western terminus ofLine 2 Bloor-Danforth of theToronto subway and is served by four suburban rail stations ofGO Transit.Humber Polytechnic is in Etobicoke, encompassing two campuses, one of which is also home to theUniversity of Guelph-Humber.
The name "Etobicoke" derives from the Mississauga wordwah-do-be-kang (wadoopikaang),[2] meaning "place where thealders grow". This was how they described the area betweenEtobicoke Creek and theHumber River. The first provincial land surveyor,Augustus Jones, also spelled it as "ato-be-coake." Etobicoke was finally adopted as the official name in 1795 at the direction ofLieutenant GovernorJohn Graves Simcoe.[3]
At different times throughout history, different groups of First Nations peoples used the land that is now present day Etobicoke. As theAlgonquins gradually moved west from the Atlantic to Lake Erie, it is almost certain they would have occupied this land.[citation needed] By the time they were mostly settled on the shores of Georgian Bay, theHuron-Wendat were the primary residents of Lake Ontario's north shore. During the 17th century, the powerfulHaudenosaunee (Iroquois) confederacy, made up of nations based to the south of the lake, pushed them out.[4][5]
After continued harassment from the Iroquois to the south, a coalition of theOjibway,Odawa, andPotawatomi Algonquin nations, known as the Three Fires, gradually pushed the Haudenosaunee off this land. The Algonquian-speakingMississaugas settled here by 1695, fishing and growing crops more locally in the summer and hunting farther afield in the winter.[6]
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The British officials intended Etobicoke to be included in theToronto Purchase of 1787.[3] However, the Mississauga and government disagreed as to whether the western boundary of the purchase was the Humber River or the Etobicoke River (now, Etobicoke Creek). TheMississauga Indians allowed British surveyorAlexander Aitkin to survey the disputed land, and the British paid an additional 10shillings for the purchase, although the purchase was never formally agreed to. The dispute was settled between the government and the Mississauga First Nation in 2010.[7]
TheCanada Act of Britain in 1791 allowed the formation of counties, towns and townships. The south-west section of York County was surveyed and Simcoe approved its designation as Etobicoke township in 1795. It was administered by the York County government. The boundaries ot the new township were the Humber River, Lake Ontario, Etobicoke Creek, Toronto Township (today's City of Mississauga),Toronto Gore (that part of Mississauga and Brampton in the area of today's Pearson Airport), and Vaughan Township, now the City of Vaughan.[3]
Immigrants from the British Isles were among the new settlers, as well as Loyalists who had left the rebellious Thirteen Colonies, by then the United States. Early settlers included many of theQueen's Rangers, who Simcoe gave land to help protect the new capital of Upper Canada and develop this frontier area. In 1793-95, the Honourable Samuel Smith, a colonel in the Queen's Rangers, received land grants of 1,530 acres (6.2 km2), extending from today'sKipling Avenue to Etobicoke Creek, and north toBloor Street.[8]
On March 18, 1797, Sergeant Patrick Mealey received the firstland patent for a plot on the west side ofRoyal York Road on Lake Ontario.[9] This was part of the First Military Tract, or "Militia Lands", which extended from today's Royal York Road to Kipling Avenue, south from Bloor Street. The Crown was providing land to Loyalists in compensation for property they left behind in the U.S. and to veterans of the American Revolution in payment for service. In other parts of Ontario, the Crown granted land to the Iroquoian First Nations who had served as allies during the war and were forced to cede most of their land in New York to the state. The Crown granted more land to members of the Queen's Rangers in the First Military tract, but most did not occupy their land. Many sold their acreage after a short time.[3]
The census of 1805 counted 84 people in Etobicoke. In 1806,William Cooper built agrist mill andsaw mill on the Humber river's west bank, just south ofDundas Street. The 1809 census counted 137 residents.[3] The first Dundas Street bridge over the Humber River at Lambton Mills was built in 1811, making the township more accessible from York.[10]
On May 18, 1846, the Albion Road Company was incorporated. Its purpose was to build and maintain a road to the north-west corner of Etobicoke, where a new community was planned. At the same time, John Grubb, who had already foundedThistletown, hired land surveyorJohn Stoughton Dennis to plan a community at the intersection ofIslington Avenue andAlbion Road, to be named Saint Andrew's. Plan 6 for this community was registered on October 15, 1847. The French master ofUpper Canada College, Jean du Petit Pont de la Haye, contracted land surveyor James McCallum Jr. to create a plan for the community planned by the Albion Road Company, and Plan 28 was registered forClaireville on October 12, 1849.[9]
The township of Etobicoke was incorporated on January 1, 1850.[11] The first meeting of the town council was held on January 21. Present at the meeting werereeveWilliam Gamble, vice-reeve W. B. Wadsworth and aldermen Moses Appleby, Thomas Fisher, and John Geddes.[12] The council convened monthly meetings at a variety of places. In 1850, the township's population was 2904.[citation needed] By 1881, the population of Etobicoke township was 2976.[12]
In 1911, the community ofMimico was incorporated on land taken from Etobicoke township.[13]New Toronto was incorporated on January 1, 1913.[3] Early on, there was talk of merging Mimico and New Toronto. A 1916 referendum on amalgamating the two communities was approved by the residents of Mimico, but rejected by residents of New Toronto.[8] In 1917, Mimico became a town and in 1920, New Toronto became the Town of New Toronto.Long Branch was incorporated in 1930 as a village.[14]
In 1954, Etobicoke Township became a part of the newly formed regional government, the Municipality ofMetropolitan Toronto ("Metro"). In 1967, the township of Etobicoke was merged with three small lakeside municipalities — the Village of Long Branch, the Town of New Toronto, and the Town of Mimico — to form the Borough of Etobicoke. The borough was reincorporated as a city in 1984.[11] In 1998, six local municipalities (including Etobicoke) and the Metropolitan Toronto governmentmerged to form the amalgamated city of Toronto.[15]
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Etobicoke has the lowest population density of the former cities and boroughs comprising the city of Toronto. This is mainly due to its expanses of industrial lands along the various expressways.
The residential areas are primarily single-family dwellings, although several large multi-story high-rise condominium developments have been built in south Etobicoke near the Humber River over the past few years. The central and northern areas of Etobicoke have many high-density apartment complexes set in the middle of sizable, open fields and parks. The central/southern areas, such asMarkland Wood,The Kingsway, New Toronto, Mimico and Long Branch, have large green spaces, many parks, and main street shopping areas.[original research?]
Etobicoke has many public parks. Located on the banks of the Humber River,James Gardens, a popular site forwedding photography, features seasonal flowers, walkways, a rock garden, streams, and waterfalls. Etobicoke also hasCentennial Park, a large recreational park, andColonel Samuel Smith Park andHumber Bay Park on the lakeshore. Etobicoke has several golf courses.St. George's Golf and Country Club was ranked in 2007 as one of the three best golf courses in Canada.[16]
Etobicoke is generally divided into three large areas roughly corresponding to its political ridings. Each has neighbourhoods, mostly developments of 19th-century 'postal villages' (rural neighbourhoods), that were built at key points along the early roads and railways; especially the three former 'Lakeshore Municipalities' that separated from Etobicoke in the early 20th century and Etobicoke's central Islington community:
The Lakeshore (Etobicoke—Lakeshore), along the north shore of Lake Ontario and the "Lake Shore Road" (now Lake Shore Boulevard West), comprises three former municipalities that were the first to urbanize and became separate municipalities during the first half of the 20th century: Mimico, New Toronto and Long Branch, and related communities that were never separate from the Township of Etobicoke; namely,Alderwood (originally a suburb of New Toronto), andHumber Bay (a historic gateway community connecting to Toronto) which was originally sprawl from the east side of the Humber River that was subsequently split by the construction of Ontario's first motor vehicle 'freeway' in 1938, which cuts across the top of southern Etobicoke; (the Queen Elizabeth Way).
Today, the original remnant residential (northern) section of Humber Bay is north of The Queensway, east of Mimico Creek to the Humber River. The commercial, southern section of Humber Bay retains only Christie's Biscuits bakery, as high-rise condominium towers and clustered row housing have forced out virtually all other commercial/industrial employment uses. In the late 1990s, the former McGuiness Whisky factory was converted into a high-rise loft condominium which became the centrepiece of the Mystic Pointe development. Etobicoke's first railway opened through the area in 1855, just north of the Lake Ontario shoreline, leading to the first period of growth as it replaced Dundas Street in Central Etobicoke as the main means of transportation and the industrial centre along its right-of-way.
Central Etobicoke (Etobicoke Centre); the oldest communities in Etobicoke developed along the first street, Dundas Street, in the south of this area, which crosses the width of Etobicoke on the escarpment formed by the ancient shoreline of Lake Iroquois. This area centres around theIslington community, the former administrative centre of Etobicoke and later Etobicoke's 'downtown' which is near the central 'Six Points' intersection at its western boundary. The ruralRichview community developed directly to the north of Islington in the 19th century on Eglinton Ave. (formerly Richview Rd.), as did the gatewayHumber Heights communities (connecting to Toronto): Westmount and Humbervale, to the east on Eglinton. Development of the until-then largely undeveloped eastern part of central Etobicoke (originally a forest reserved for the use of government mills as "The King's Mill Reserve"; "Kingsmill"), the "Humber Valley", was largely the work of Robert Home Smith starting about 1900 and including the communities ofThe Kingsway andHumber Valley Village. The Kingsway neighbourhood has attracted many affluent individuals and families (as of 2001, over 50% of households have an income in excess ofCA$100,000/year).[17]
As Etobicoke developed in the post-war years, low-density residential areas filled in most of the rural areas between the old communities includingThorncrest Village,Princess-Rosethorn andEringate – Centennial – West Deane as well as the olderEatonville community to the west of Islington. Central Etobicoke includes Etobicoke's most exclusive neighbourhoods, with fine housing stock and many large treed properties. Along the East and West Mall parallel toHighway 427 exists a mix of hi-rise rentals, townhouses and post-war bungalows.Markland Wood is the farthest western community within Etobicoke/Toronto; situated along Bloor Street West, it is predominately single family housing with some mixed hi-rise rentals.
North Etobicoke; The 19th-century Etobicoke communities areClairville,Highfield,Rexdale,Smithfield, Thistletown which grew along two formerly private roads (now Albion Rd. and Rexdale Blvd.) constructed diagonally across farms in Northern Etobicoke as a shortcut for travellers to Peel County (especially modern Brampton). First developed as an urban area byRex Heslop in the post-World War II years around the newRexdale (the Elms) community, northern Etobicoke has many apartment buildings as well as a large 'skyway' industrial park to the west, developed after Malton Airport (in nearby Mississauga) became Toronto's main "Pearson International" Airport.
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1851 | 3,483 | — |
| 1861 | 3,503 | +0.6% |
| 1871 | 2,985 | −14.8% |
| 1881 | 2,976 | −0.3% |
| 1891 | 4,557 | +53.1% |
| 1901 | 4,413 | −3.2% |
| 1911 | 6,193 | +40.3% |
| 1921 | 10,445 | +68.7% |
| 1931 | 13,769 | +31.8% |
| 1941 | 18,973 | +37.8% |
| 1951 | 53,779 | +183.5% |
| 1956 | 103,621 | +92.7% |
| 1961 | 156,035 | +50.6% |
| 1966 | 219,542 | +40.7% |
| 1971 | 282,686 | +28.8% |
| 1976 | 297,109 | +5.1% |
| 1981 | 298,713 | +0.5% |
| 1986 | 302,973 | +1.4% |
| 1991 | 309,993 | +2.3% |
| 1996 | 328,718 | +6.0% |
| 2001 | 338,117 | +2.9% |
| Source:Statistics Canada [18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] | ||
Most of Etobicoke's visible minorities and immigrants reside in North Etobicoke, with 62% of its population being foreign-born. Many people from India, Jamaica, Iraq, Guyana, Somalia, Ghana, Philippines, Nigeria, Pakistan and Bangladesh have settled in North Etobicoke. Etobicoke's central and south end has a large European population from countries such as Italy, Poland, former Yugoslavia, and Ukraine, and some of the wealthiest neighbourhoods in Toronto such asThe Kingsway.[28]
| Ethnic origins | Population | % |
|---|---|---|
| European | 201,505 | 55.9% |
| South Asian | 47,780 | 13.3% |
| Black | 40,520 | 11.2% |
| East Asian | 15,985 | 4.4% |
| Southeast Asian | 15,595 | 4.3% |
| Latin American | 12,385 | 3.4% |
| Middle Eastern | 10,775 | 3% |
| Aboriginal | 4,130 | 1.1% |
| Other | 12,270 | 3.4% |
| Total population | 365,143 | 100% |
As of 2016,English was the most spoken language in Etobicoke, followed by (in order)Italian,Punjabi,Spanish,Polish,Ukrainian,Gujarati, andPortuguese.[30][31][32]
Islington–City Centre West is thecentral business district of Etobicoke.Pizza Pizza andSunwing Airlines have their headquarters in Etobicoke.[33][34]Skyservice[35] andCanada 3000[36][37] had their headquarters in Etobicoke before the closure of these airlines.
The construction industry in Etobicoke has been booming, with many new condominium towers developed along the waterfront near Humber Bay and along Bloor street. This has helped increase Etobicoke's population after a brief decline.[38] The area's film and television industry is also promising.[39]
Etobicoke is home to a rib fest held every year onCanada Day long weekend at Centennial Park. The weekend is filled with entertainment, food, midway, and music.
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Fourpublicschool boards offerprimary education andsecondary education for residents living in Etobicoke,Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir (CSCM),Conseil scolaire Viamonde (CSV), theToronto Catholic District School Board (TCDSB), and theToronto District School Board (TDSB). CSV and TDSB operate assecular public school boards, the former operating French first language institution, whereas the latter operated English first language institutions. The other two school boards, CSCM and TCDSB, operate as publicseparate school boards, the former operating French first language separate schools, the latter operating English first language separate schools. Before 1998, the boards were responsible for the education in Etobicoke were theEtobicoke Board of Education for anglophone public secular schools and the Metropolitan Separate School Board for anglophone and francophoneRoman Catholic separate schools.
In addition to primary and secondary schools, two post-secondary institutions are within Etobicoke.Humber Polytechnic is a publiccollege that operates two campuses in Etobicoke, the Humber North campus, and the Lakeshore campus, on the corner of Efstathia Avenue and Kourabiedes Lane. TheUniversity of Guelph-Humber is another post-secondary institution in Etobicoke that is jointly operated by Humber Polytechnic, and theUniversity of Guelph, based inGuelph, Ontario. Guelph-Humber is not an independent degree-granting institution, with its degrees and diplomas issued from Humber Polytechnic, or the University of Guelph.
In 1924,Mimico High School was opened in the village ofMimico. This was followed byEtobicoke Collegiate Institute in 1928 in central Etobicoke. Today, the Mimico school building is used by John English Junior Middle School.
Other secondary schools were built:
In the village ofNew Toronto, New Toronto Secondary School was constructed in 1949 and opened in 1950 as a vocational trade school. Beginning in 1963,Kingsmill Vocational School, a junior vocational school, opened at a King's Mill site and two other schools erected:Humbergrove Vocational School to the north in 1965 and Westway Vocational School in 1969.
At its peak, Etobicoke operated 14 collegiates and 4 vocational schools in 1980. Downsizing occurred in the 1980s when nine high schools were closed due to declining enrollment; Alderwood and New Toronto merged to formLakeshore Collegiate Institute in 1983 while Humbergrove, Kingsmill and Westway were consolidated to formCentral Etobicoke High School in 1988.
Etobicoke's first Roman Catholic high school,Michael Power/St. Joseph High School was first opened in 1949 as St. Joseph's High School in the village of Islington with 150 girls by theSisters of St. Joseph. Next door, theBasilian Fathers established an all-boys school Michael Power High School in 1957. In September 1982, the two schools were merged. Today, Michael Power/St. Joseph serves many students in the southern and central Etobicoke areas predominantly populated by Polish and Ukrainian Byzantine Catholics, who attend southern Etobicoke's two other high schools:Father John Redmond Catholic Secondary School (1986) andBishop Allen Academy (1989).
The firstart school in Etobicoke is theEtobicoke School of the Arts established in 1981. Father John Redmond was designated as the Regional Arts Centre in 2006.
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Etobicoke has a wide range of indoor and outdoor sporting leagues including baseball, soccer, gridiron football, ice hockey, and ringette. Some of the prominent clubs include theEtobicoke KangaroosAustralian rules football club, theSerbian White Eagles FC club,Toronto Croatia, andFC Ukraine United, which operate in theCanadian Soccer League, and theToronto Furies of theCanadian Women's Hockey League.
Southern Etobicoke is home to theFord Performance Centre, the home arena for the Toronto Furies, and the practice rink of theToronto Maple Leafs. TheToronto Patriots of theOntario Junior Hockey League are based in Etobicoke. Etobicoke is the hometown of Major League Baseball starJoey Votto as well as National Hockey League starsP. K. Subban,Connor Brown, brothersBrendan andReilly Smith, and National Hockey League Hall of FamerBrendan Shanahan. Etobicoke's Centennial Park is a large green space in west Toronto which is a venue for soccer, basketball, skiing, ice hockey, rugby, hiking, track and field. Rexdale (North Etobicoke) is home to the top ranked high school basketball program in Canada, Henry Carr Crusaders. Producing notable US Division 1 and NBA players such as Tyler Ennis and Sim Bhullar. Henry Carr Crusaders were the 2016 AAA Provincial high school basketball champions.
Several major expressways, such as Ontario Highways427,401,409, and27, theQueen Elizabeth Way, as well as the city-maintainedGardiner Expressway, are routed through the area. There are numerous four- and six-lane thoroughfares in Etobicoke, laid out in a grid system. Many exceptions to Toronto's gridded street matrix are found in Etobicoke. A number of overpasses and awkward intersections have been created in an effort to reconcile the grid with these planning anomalies.
Public transportation is primarily provided by theToronto Transit Commission's (TTC)bus,streetcar, andsubway system.Line 2 Bloor-Danforth of the TTC subway system has its western terminus atKipling, along with three other stations. Both Kipling andIslington stations are major transit hubs, with the former serving as a terminal forMiWay bus services toMississauga. Former transit expansion plans in Etobicoke, including theEglinton West subway and the extension of Line 2 from Kipling toSquare One Bus Terminal in Mississauga, were cancelled by previous provincial governments. Future transit expansion plans include twolight rail transit projects, namely theEglinton line extension from the futureMount Dennis station toToronto Pearson International Airport and a newFinch West line betweenUniversity of Guelph-Humber (Humber Polytechnic North Campus) andFinch West station.
Etobicoke is also home to four GO stations:Etobicoke North station on theKitchener line,Kipling station on theMilton line, as well asLong Branch andMimico stations on theLakeshore West line.
Etobicoke travel guide from Wikivoyage| International | |
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| Geographic | |
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