Anethnographic group orethnocultural group is a group that has cultural traits that make it stand out from the largerethnic group it is a part of.[1] In other words, members of an ethnographic group will also consider themselves to be members of a larger ethnic group, both sharing acollective consciousness with it, and possessing their own distinct one.[1][2] Ethnographic groups are presumed to be significantly assimilated with the larger ethnic group they are part of, though they retain distinctive, differentiating characteristics related to cultural values such as speech, religion, costume, or other cultural aspects.[3][4]
The concept of an ethnographic group is rarely found in Western works, and has been attributed to late 20th-century ethnographic studies in the countries of the formerSoviet Union and itsEastern Bloc.[1][3] This term has been used for example in works of Bulgarian,[1] Georgian,[3] Hungarian[5] and Polish[4] ethnographers.
Paul R. Magocsi, an American historian specializing inUkrainian studies, described the concept of an ethnographic group as closely related to that of the ethnic group.[6] Some scholars use the term ethnographic group as a synonym to ethnic group.[7][8] The concept of the ethnographic group as distinct from ethnic group has been rejected by some scholars;[9] and it has been argued that most recent studies do not distinguish between the concepts of ethnographic and ethnic groups.[10]
An example of an ethnographic group division would be dividing theSubcarpathian RusRusyns ethnic group intoLemkos,Boikian andHutsul ethnographic groups.[6] Other groups that have been described by some scholars as ethnographic groups includePomaks in Bulgaria,[1]Lipka Tatars in Poland,[2]Adjarians andKhevsurians in Georgia,[3]Bavarians in Germany andFeylis in Iraq and Iran.[11][12]