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Esmeralda language

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Extinct language of Ecuador
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Esmeralda
Atacame, Takame
Native toEcuador
RegionwesternEsmeraldas Province
Extinctafterc. 1877
Esmeralda–Yaruro ?
  • Esmeralda
Language codes
ISO 639-3None (mis)
Glottologatac1235

Esmeralda, orEsmeraldeño (also calledTakame orAtacame), is anextinctlanguage isolate formerly spoken in the coastal region ofEcuador, specifically in the western part ofEsmeraldas Province. The only existing data for Atacame was collected by J.M. Pallares in 1877.

Classification

[edit]

It has been proposed that the language is connected to the still-spokenPumé language ofVenezuela. It also has some lexical similarities with the extinctYurumanguí language,[1] as well with the southernBarbacoan languageTsafiki (especially plant and animal names).[1][2]: 457–458 

Vocabulary

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Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items.[3]

glossEsmeralda
handdi
foottaha
manilóm
wateruivi
starmuʔxabla
earthdula
dogkine
jaguarmutokine
snakepiama
housekiama
boatdiala

Further reading

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References

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  1. ^abAdelaar, William F. H.; Muysken, Pieter C. (2004).The languages of the Andes. Cambridge Language Surveys. Cambridge University Press. pp. 156–161.ISBN 9781139451123.
  2. ^Jolkesky, Marcelo Pinho de Valhery (2016).Estudo arqueo-ecolinguístico das terras tropicais sul-americanas (Ph.D. dissertation) (2 ed.). Brasília: University of Brasília.
  3. ^Loukotka, Čestmír (1968).Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
Based onCampbell 2024 classification
Language families
and isolates
Je–Tupi–Carib ?
Macro-Jêsensu stricto
EasternBrazil
Orinoco (Venezuela)
Andes (Colombia andVenezuela)
Amazon (Colombia,JapuráVaupés area)
Pacific coast (Colombia andEcuador)
Pacific coast (Peru)
Amazon (Peru)
Amazon (west-centralBrazil)
Mamoré–Guaporé
Andes (Peru,Bolivia, andChile)
Chaco–Pampas
Far South (Chile)
Proposed groupings
Unclassified
Linguistic areas
Countries
Lists
† indicates anextinct language,italics indicates independent status of a language,bold indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status
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