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Esmeralda–Yaruroan languages

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Proposed language family of Venezuela
Esmeralda–Yaruro
(proposed)
Geographic
distribution
Venezuela, Ecuador
Linguistic classificationProposedlanguage family
Subdivisions
Language codes
GlottologNone

Esmeralda–Yaruro orTakame–Jarúroan, is a proposed connection between two unclassified languages ofVenezuela andEcuador:Yaruro (Llaruro, Pumé, Yuapín), 6000 speakers, and the extinctEsmeralda (Esmeraldeño, Takame). They would be only distantly related, but Kaufman (1990) finds the connection convincing, and Campbell (2012) believes the connection is promising.[1]

Vocabulary

[edit]

Below is a comparison of selected basic vocabulary items in Esmeralda and Yaruro.

glossEsmeralda[2]Yaruro[3]
hairrarapokü̃́
eyemuladachó
nosera-ausa (my)ĩbupuȩ́
toothra-ha, ra-kajõdȩ́
mouthbassadyá
handdisa (my)ichí
foottaha
bloodkar(k)agué
bonemu-kilsa
personilono̧ãĩ́
namechintokẽ́
dogkine(a)oré
fishkichṍ
treetá(k)te
leaframpide (?)to pjü̃dá
wateruivi, úvoi
firemuka (with)kjõdȩ́
earthdó; duladabú
roaddirenṍ
eatenimajurá
dieubale, ybale (dead)jãbó

References

[edit]
  1. ^Campbell, Lyle (2012). "Classification of the indigenous languages of South America". In Grondona, Verónica; Campbell, Lyle (eds.).The Indigenous Languages of South America. The World of Linguistics. Vol. 2. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton. pp. 59–166.ISBN 978-3-11-025513-3.
  2. ^Jijón y Caamaño, Jacinto. 1941.El Ecuador interandino y occidental antes de la conquista castellana, vol. 2. Quito: Editorial Ecuatoriana
  3. ^Mosonyi, Esteban Emilio and Jorge Ramón García. 2000. Yaruro (Pumé). In Mosonyi, Esteban Emilio and Jorge Carlos Mosonyi (eds.),Manual de Lenguas Indígenas de Venezuela, 544-593. Caracas: Fundación Bigott.
  • Kaufman, Terrence (1990). "Language History in South America: What we know and how to know more". In Doris L. Payne (ed.).Amazonian Linguistics. Austin: University of Texas Press.
Africa
Isolates
Eurasia
(Europe
andAsia)
Isolates
New Guinea
andthe Pacific
Isolates
Australia
Isolates
North
America
Isolates
Mesoamerica
Isolates
South
America
Isolates
Sign
languages
Isolates
See also
  • Families with question marks (?) are disputed or controversial.
  • Families initalics have no living members.
  • Families with more than 30 languages are inbold.
Based onCampbell 2024 classification
Language families
and isolates
Je–Tupi–Carib ?
Macro-Jêsensu stricto
EasternBrazil
Orinoco (Venezuela)
Andes (Colombia andVenezuela)
Amazon (Colombia,JapuráVaupés area)
Pacific coast (Colombia andEcuador)
Pacific coast (Peru)
Amazon (Peru)
Amazon (west-centralBrazil)
Mamoré–Guaporé
Andes (Peru,Bolivia, andChile)
Chaco–Pampas
Far South (Chile)
Proposed groupings
Unclassified
Linguistic areas
Countries
Lists
† indicates anextinct language,italics indicates independent status of a language,bold indicates that a language family has at least 6 members, * indicates moribund status
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esmeralda–Yaruroan_languages&oldid=1275407382"
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