Escondido (Spanish for "hidden") is a city inSan Diego County, California, United States. Located in theNorth County region, it was incorporated in 1888, and is one of the oldest cities in San Diego County. It has a population of 151,038 as of the2020 census.
"Escondido" is a Spanish word meaning "hidden". One source says the name originally referred toagua escondida or hidden water or valley;[7] another says it meant "hidden treasure".[8]
The Escondido area was first settled by theLuiseño, who established campsites and villages along the creek running through the area. They named the place Mixéelum Pompáwvo or "Mehel-om-pom-pavo." The Luiseno also had another village north of Mixéelum Pompáwvo called Panakare.[9] TheKumeyaay migrated from areas near theColorado River, settling both inSan Pasqual Valley and near theSan Dieguito River in the southwestern and western portions of what is now Escondido. Most of the villages and campsites today have been destroyed by development and agriculture.[10]
Spain controlled the land from the late 18th century to the early 19th century, and established manymissions inCalifornia to convert the indigenous people. WhenMexico gained its independence from Spain, the local land was divided into largeranchos. Most of what is now Escondido occupies the formerRancho Rincon del Diablo ("Devil's Corner"), aMexican land grant given to Juan Bautista Alvarado (notthe governor of the same name) in 1843 by GovernorManuel Micheltorena. Alvarado was aregidor of Los Angeles at the time, and the first Regidor ofPueblo San Diego. The southern part of Escondido occupies the formerRancho San Bernardo, granted in 1842 and 1845.[11]
The city was home to a largely Spanish-speaking population in the first census, taken in 1850 when California became a state. After statehood, non-Hispanic settlers came to Southern California in increasing numbers, many of them from the Midwestern states.[12] The decade of the 1880s is known as the "Southern California Land Boom" because so many people moved to the state.
In 1853, pro-SouthernCopperheads proposed dividing the state of California to create a newTerritory of Colorado (at this time the territory that would become the state ofColorado was named "Jefferson"). San Diego Judge Oliver S. Witherby suggested placing the capitol of the new territory in Rancho Rincon del Diablo. He envisioned a railroad connecting San Diego toFort Yuma through an area about two miles (3 km) south of the current Escondido site, heading east through San Pasqual. With a series of deeds in 1855 and 1856, the rancho was transferred from the heirs of Juan Bautista Alvarado to Witherby.[11] He planned to profit from the town that he believed would be established from the dividing point on the railroad below the eastern hills.[13] The proposal for splitting the state and creating the new territory passed in the California legislature, but died in Congress in the run-up to theCivil War.[11] It was effectively killed in 1861 when Congress organized theTerritory of Colorado in the area previously occupied by theJefferson Territory. With Witherby's vision of owning a bustling state capitol unrealized, he set up a mining operation on the rancho instead.[13]
In 1868, Witherby sold the rancho for $8,000 to Edward McGeary and John, Josiah, and Matthew Wolfskill. McGeary owned half the rancho, while the three Wolfskill brothers each owned an equal share of the other half. John Wolfskill farmed sheep, horses, and cattle on the rancho for a number of years. Wolfskill had frequent conflicts with the Couts family, owners of the neighboringGuajome,Buena Vista, andSan Marcos ranchos, over grazing lands and watering holes.[11]
In October 1883, a group of Los Angeles investors purchased Rancho Rincon del Diablo. This group sold the land to the newly formed Escondido Company in 1884. On December 18, 1885, investors incorporated the Escondido Land and Town Company, and in 1886 this company purchased the 12,814-acre (52 km2) area for approximately $100,000.[11] Two years later, in 1888, Escondido was incorporated as a city; the vote was 64 in favor of cityhood with 12 votes against. TheSanta Fe rail line was laid in the 1880s. The opening ofU.S. Route 395 in 1930 boosted economic growth in Escondido.
Aerial view of a citrus orchard in the San Pasqual Valley in Escondido
Escondido was primarily an agricultural community, growing muscatgrapes initially. After a dam was built in 1894–1895 to form what is known today as Lake Wohlford,orange andlemon trees were planted in large numbers, as wereolive andwalnut trees. By the 1960s,avocados became the largest local crop. Since the 1970s, Escondido has lost most of its agricultural land to housing developments, but still retains a significant agricultural presence in the San Pasqual Valley, including vineyards, citrus orchards, and avocado orchards.
According to theUnited States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 37.0 square miles (96 km2). 36.8 square miles (95 km2) of it is land and 0.2 square miles (0.52 km2) of it is water. The total area is 0.48% water.
Escondido is also bordered bySan Marcos to the west and northern San Diego to the south.
The city contains several neighborhoods, including:
Sunset aerial view of downtown Escondido Downtown Escondido centers on Grand Avenue between Centre City Parkway and the site of the old Palomar Hospital. The city'sgeneral plan defines the Downtown Specific Plan Area as approximately 460 acres (1.9 km2) bounded by Centre City Parkway on the west, Hickory and Ivy Streets on the east, Washington Avenue on the north, and Fifth Avenue on the south, with an additional narrow section extending west along Valley Parkway to Interstate 15.[16] Downtown Escondido includes a mix of coffee shops, restaurants, assorted retail, art galleries, bakeries, a comedy club, and the historic Ritz Theater.
Neighborhood view in Old Escondido Historic District in EscondidoOld Escondido Historic District is bounded by Escondido Boulevard on the west, Chestnut Street on the east, Fifth Avenue on the north, and Thirteenth Avenue on the south. This area is made up of mostly single-family residential housing[17] built in the late 1800s and early 1900s in the Victorian and Craftsman styles and is a 5- to 10-minute walk to Grand Avenue in Downtown Escondido.
Natural vegetation types in the Escondido area includechaparral brushland,oak woodland, riparian (stream) woodland, andgrassland. The Daley Ranch Preserve north of the city includes areas representative of this vegetation.
Looking south across Escondido from over Dixon Lake. At the very left in the distance is the peak of El Cajon Mountain, with Mount Woodson looming closer at left of center. Farther right is the flattened rise of Twin Peaks, with Black Mountain at right side of the frame.
Escondido has a borderlinesemi-arid climate (Köppen:BSh) andhot-summer Mediterranean climate (Köppen:Csa) with hot summers and mild, wet winters. Owing to its inland setting, it is considerably hotter than coastal cities like San Diego, Carlsbad or Oceanside during the summertime, and cooler in the winter. The climate is mild enough to allow widespread cultivation of avocados and oranges. Escondido is located in planthardiness zone 10a. The hottest temperature recorded in Escondido was 115 °F or 46.1 °C on September 6, 2020. The coldest temperature recorded in Escondido was 13 °F or −10.6 °C on January 2, 1901, and January 7, 1913.[19]
Yearly precipitation averages around 15 inches (380 mm) and can vary considerably from year to year. The wettest "rain year" from July 1940 to June 1941 totalled 31.73 inches or 805.9 millimeters, but in the driest "rain year" from July 2013 to June 2014 just 5.75 inches or 146.1 millimeters fell. The wettest month has been January 1916 with 19.55 inches or 496.6 millimeters, and the greatest 24-hour rainfall 6.47 inches or 164.3 millimeters on February 16, 1927. Rainfall totals are higher in the hills to the north and east, with 20–24 inches or 510–610 millimeters falling in most areas above 2,000 feet (610 m) in elevation, and over 30 inches or 760 millimeters onPalomar Mountain, 15 miles (24 km) to the east. More than 80% of all precipitation takes place from November through March. Snow is virtually unheard of, though occasionally winter and springtime thunderstorms will drop small hail.
Climate data for Escondido No 2, California (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1893–present)
Dixon Lake is located in the north of Escondido. Dixon Lake has been granted an Aquaculture Permit by theState of California Department of Fish and Wildlife, so that fishing licenses are no longer required. However, allanglers eight years and older will need daily lake fishing permits, which are available at the concession stand. Throughout the year, the city keeps stocking different types of fish, which include bass, bluegill, carp, catfish, crappie, and trout. Each year the Trout Derby event is also hosted at Dixon Lake.[22]
Escondido city, California – Racial and ethnic composition Note: the US Census treats Hispanic/Latino as an ethnic category. This table excludes Latinos from the racial categories and assigns them to a separate category. Hispanics/Latinos may be of any race.
The census reported that 98.6% of the population lived in households, 0.9% lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0.5% were institutionalized.[44]
There were 48,316 households, out of which 38.0% included children under the age of 18, 51.0% were married-couple households, 7.5% werecohabiting couple households, 25.6% had a female householder with no partner present, and 15.8% had a male householder with no partner present. 19.0% of households were one person, and 9.4% were one person aged 65 or older. The average household size was 3.08.[44] There were 35,642families (73.8% of all households).[45]
The age distribution was 24.1% under the age of 18, 10.0% aged 18 to 24, 28.0% aged 25 to 44, 24.1% aged 45 to 64, and 13.9% who were 65years of age or older. The median age was 35.7years. For every 100 females, there were 97.0 males.[44]
There were 49,998 housing units at an average density of 1,338.8 units per square mile (516.9 units/km2), of which 48,316 (96.6%) were occupied. Of these, 51.7% were owner-occupied, and 48.3% were occupied by renters.[44]
In 2023, the US Census Bureau estimated that the median household income was $84,477, and theper capita income was $38,098. About 9.9% of families and 13.4% of the population were below the poverty line.[46]
The Census reported that 141,792 people (98.5% of the population) lived in households, 1,333 (0.9%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 786 (0.5%) were institutionalized.
There were 45,484 households, out of which 18,989 (41.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 23,535 (51.7%) wereopposite-sex married couples living together, 6,082 (13.4%) had a female householder with no husband present, 3,115 (6.8%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 3,121 (6.9%)unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 343 (0.8%)same-sex married couples or partnerships. 9,528 households (20.9%) were made up of individuals, and 4,235 (9.3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.12. There were 32,732families (72.0% of all households); the average family size was 3.57.
The age distribution of the population showed 39,778 people (27.6%) under the age of 18, 15,455 people (10.7%) aged 18 to 24, 41,043 people (28.5%) aged 25 to 44, 32,551 people (22.6%) aged 45 to 64, and 15,084 people (10.5%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 98.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.1 males.
There were 48,044 housing units at an average density of 1,298.9 per square mile (501.5/km2), of which 23,759 (52.2%) were owner-occupied, and 21,725 (47.8%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 6.0%. 70,936 people (49.3% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 70,856 people (49.2%) lived in rental housing units.
The city can be divided into two demographically distinct areas. Peripheral hilly areas to the north, southeast, and southwest are relatively wealthy and populated by non-Hispanic whites, and flat areas adjacent to the downtown are predominantly Hispanic. As of 2006–07 school year, non-Hispanic white children comprised 71.7% of all students in Bernardo Elementary School (southwest), 60.8% of all students in L.R. Green Elementary School (southeast), and 54.7% of all students in Reidy Creek Elementary School (north); In contrast, Farr Avenue, Pioneer and Lincoln Elementary schools (three large schools just north of the downtown) all have more than 85% of Hispanic and less than 6% non-Hispanic white students.
Escondido ranks in the top 5 neighborhoods of San Diego County with the highest crime rate as of 2022. Escondido's crime rate is considerably higher than the national average. Escondido's Crime Rate is 72% higher than the national average. The chance of being the victim of a crime in Escondido in 1 in 14.[50] Escondido crime rates rank similar to El Cajon, National City, Oceanside, Lemon Grove, Barrio Logan, Logan Heights, and Santa Ana.[51][52] The most dangerous neighborhoods in Escondido are Harmony Grove, Vineyard, Midway, Central Escondido, and South Boulevard. The safest neighborhoods in Escondido are Felicita, East Valley, Kit Carson, and East Canyon.[53]
Aerial view of Palomar Medical Center in Escondido
Residents work in a range of industries. Out of the approximately 64,000 employed civilian residents over the age of 16, 15% work in educational, health care and social services; 13% in retail trade; 13% in construction; 12% in professional, scientific, management, administrative, and waste management services; 11% in arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation and food services; 11% in manufacturing; and 11% in other services.[54]
The Farmers Market in downtown Escondido is a certified Farmers Market that showcases fresh-picked California-grown fruits, vegetables, and flowers.[57]
The Escondido Swap Market has operated over 40 years, and features used and new merchandise and food.[58]
Downtown has become more active in the past few years with the opening of restaurants, cafes, and galleries. A satellite location of theMingei International Museum, a well-known museum of folk art from around the world, occupied the former J.C. Penney building on Grand Avenue from 2003 to 2010.[59] One block off Grand Ave. is Grape Day Park with the civic center and theCalifornia Center for the Arts, which features two theaters, a visual arts museum, an educational complex, and a conference center. Grape Day Park also hosts the Escondido History Center, an independent non-profit museum. San Diego Children's Discovery Museum, across the street on N Broadway, features hands-on exhibits and programs for children up to 10 years of age, with an authentically regional perspective on natural and social science. The History Center features the city's original Santa Fe Depot, first library, Victorian house, barn, and blacksmith shop. The Pioneer Room ofEscondido Public Library (located in the Mathes Center building next to the Main Library) offers photographs, maps, oral histories, genealogical collections, directories and yearbooks documenting Escondido's history.[60] On Friday evenings a car rally called Cruisin' Grand takes place on seven blocks of Grand Avenue, featuring pre-1970 vintage cars every year from April to September.[61]
The Escondido Arts Partnership, a non-profit art organization established in 1995, created and hosts the Second Saturday Art Walk, involving several galleries and museums in Escondido. It also has a Municipal Gallery including five galleries and five art study spaces. It operates the Betty Woodaman Memorial Art Library, a donated-based art library that offers art books local community,[62] and publishes an annual collection of poetry and art called "Summation".[63]
Distinction Gallery on Grand Avenue celebrated its 20th anniversary in September 2023.[64] Known for its eclectic collection, the gallery has a particular focus on surrealism.[65] It represents such notable surrealist painters asCasey Weldon[66] andJon Jaylo.[67] It is in the same arts complex as the nonprofit ArtHatch.[68]
In 1981, Escondido National Little League became the 19th[70] team to make it to theLittle League World Series from the state of California. The team was first District 31 champions, then District 8 champions.[71] They then won theSouthern California Divisional Tournament at Youth Athletic Park by beatingSan Bernardino Civitan 3–2 in the quarterfinals, then beating Granada Hills American 5–1 in the semifinals and then beating Ladera National 7–5 in the finals to earn a trip to the Western Regional. At theWestern Regional in San Bernardino, the Escondido team won four straight games to earn the trip to Williamsport.[72]
In October 2010,Merritt Paulson, owner of theAAAPortland Beavers franchise, announced that the team was being sold to the North County Baseball ownership group, led byJeff Moorad, part-owner and CEO of the Beavers parent team, theSan Diego Padres.[73] The ownership group discussed building a stadium in Escondido to become operational for the 2012 baseball season at the earliest. In December 2010, the Escondido city council voted to go ahead with the ballpark.[74] The stadium was slated to open in April 2013.[75] However, the plan to move the team fell through in late 2011.[76]
Aerial view of a mountain biker on Sage Trail in Daley RanchDaley Ranch is a 3,058-acre (12.38 km2) conservation area acquired in 1996 by the City of Escondido and is managed in perpetuity for the preservation of a biologically unique and diverse habitat area of regional importance. Daley Ranch has over 20 miles (32 km) of hiking, mountain biking, and equestrian trails. Six distinct trails cover most of the property. Most popular are the Boulder Loop Trail (2.4 miles) which affords views of Escondido, and the Ranch House Loop (2.5 miles), which passes two small ponds and the site of Daley's original log cabin. Several species of oak trees are common, as well as chaparral (brushland). Wildlife include deer, coyote, bobcats, rabbits and hawks. Cougars are sometimes present, but not frequently seen.
El Norte Park is a small "green lung" park, off El Norte Parkway in northern Escondido. It features mature trees and a kids playground.
A portion of the disc golf course at Kit Carson Park
Kit Carson Park is a 285-acre (1.15 km2) municipal park featuring 3 ponds, multiple sports fields, playgrounds, a disc golf course, an arboretum, andQueen Califia's Magical Circle, the last major international work by French artistNiki de Saint Phalle. De Saint Phalle, a colleague ofSalvador Dalí andJasper Johns, is best known for herStravinsky Fountain, located in Paris, France. The artist chose Escondido as the site for her final work because it reminded her of Italy.
Grape Day Park is located behind the Escondido City Hall and the performing arts complex. This park was named after the annual grape day harvest, an event held on the first Saturday after Labor Day from 1908 to 1950.[81]
Jesmond Dene Park in North Escondido features 3 ball fields, a playground, and BBQs.
Picnic areas at Dixon Lake
Dixon Lake supplies Escondido with fresh water and is a popular location for fishing, as fishing permits can be purchased at the store on site. Swimming is not allowed but rowboats, motorized boats, and pedal boats are available for rental. Dixon Lake has about 34 campsites which look out over the lake and/or over Escondido. There are several trails that follow the shoreline of Dixon Lake, as well as several fishing areas and floating docks on both sides of the lake. While entrance to the park is free, the city charges $5.00 on Saturdays and Sundays for taking a car into the park. However, ample free parking next to the trailheads of Daley Ranch is available outside the Dixon Lake gate.
Lake Wohlford is in the northeast corner of Escondido. The lake has some walking trails around the perimeter and allows fishing. In addition, the northern shore is home to the Lake Wohlford Cafe, founded in 1949 and prominently featuring locally caught catfish in its menus.
Mountain View
Rod McLeod Park is an 18-acre (73,000 m2) green space offering a tot lot, a paved trail, restrooms, benches, picnic tables, and BBQs.
Washington Park is an urban park located on the eastern side of central Escondido. It features lighted facilities for baseball, softball, tennis and basketball, a 25-yard swimming pool and water slide, and a smaller children's pool. The park's numerous mature trees create plenty of shady areas and tables are provided for picnics.[82]
Westside
Frances Ryan Park is a 67-acre (270,000 m2) complex of soccer fields, supported by a concession stand and public restrooms. The park is adjacent to Valley High School in eastern Escondido at the corner of Valley Parkway and El Norte Parkway. As of October 2010, the park features 7 soccer fields, 5 of which have lights for night time practice and play. The park is named for a former teacher at Escondido High School.[83]
Grove Park was so named to recognize the city's agricultural history. It was built about 2008 (approximate date). It is about 4.5 acres (18,000 m2) in size and is located in the Mission Park neighborhood.
Aerial view of Escondido City Hall and Grape Day Park behind
Escondido is governed by a council-manager system. The city council consists of a mayor and four City Council members. Along with the City Treasurer, they are elected at large to four-year terms. The current mayor is Dane White. Current City Council members are Consuelo Martinez, Jose M. Garcia, and Michael Morasco.[86] The current City Manager is Sean McGlynn.[87] The current City Treasurer is Douglas Shultz.[88] The most recent election was held on November 8, 2022.[89]
The city is particularly known for its positions on illegal immigration. Approximately half of the population is Hispanic, and then-council member Sam Abed estimated in 2006 that 35,000 people, or 25% of the city population, are undocumented. Since 2010 federal immigration officials have worked out of the Escondido police station in an unprecedented city-federal partnership.[90] In 2006 the city council proposed and then abandoned an ordinance to punish landlords who rent to illegal immigrants.[90] Due to a public outcry and legal challenges to that proposed housing ordinance,[91] as well as the election of Diaz to the City Council, the council has ceased any overt measures against illegal immigrants.[92] Council policies now focus on "quality of life" issues instead. Periodic police checkpoints are set up which randomly stop drivers to check drivers licenses, registration, and insurance.[90] An overnight parking ordinance has been proposed that would limit the number of cars each household can legally park on city streets.[93] The city is estimated to have lost as much as a quarter of its non-citizen population between 2006 and 2007; Latino activists attribute this to a perception of the city as hostile to immigrants.[94]
This section needs to beupdated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.(May 2022)
In theUnited States presidential election of 2008, 53.3% of voters residing in incorporated Escondido voted forJohn McCain, 44.9% forBarack Obama, and 1.8% for a third-party candidate. Unincorporated areas were considerably more conservative: among voters in neighborhoods of Rincon Del Diablo, Hidden Meadows, and Valley Center, 62.3%, 65.5%, 66.9% of voters respectively cast their votes for McCain. A survey by The Bay Area Center for Voting Research found that among American cities with populations over 100,000, Escondido was the 11th mostconservative city in the United States based on voting results in the2004 presidential election.[99]
The Escondido Union ESD, San Pasqual Union ESD, and Escondido Union HSD serve the City of Escondido and the Unincorporated communities such as: Jesmond Dene, North Ridge, Hidden Meadows, Deer Springs, San Pasqual Valley, Del Dios, Elfin Forrest, East Canyon, Cloverdale, and Lake Wolford. The city has 19 elementary, seven middle, and seven high schools.[citation needed]
Escondido Adult School was established in 1968 by the Escondido Union High School District. Escondido Adult School is a provider of adult education services in Escondido and its surrounding communities. Escondido Adult School offers adult education services for adults in the areas of: high school diploma, GED, HISET, adult basic education, ESL, parenting classes, community education courses, and career technical education courses. Escondido Adult School also offers a robust selection of short-term medical training courses such as: Certified Nurse Assistant, Certified Home Health Aide, Medical Assistant, Pharmacy Technician, Phlebotomy, Medical Billing and Coding, CPR/BLS training and certification, and Veterinary Assistant. Escondido Adult School is a member of the Education to Career Network of North San Diego County. ETCN is one of 71 consortiums in the State of California and is funded by the California Adult Education Program.
Public Post-Secondary schools:Escondido Adult School and Palomar College-Escondido Campus
There is a wide range ofAPI scores for Escondido schools, reflecting the demographic diversity of the city. As of 2009,[102] two elementary schools in the district scored above the 80th percentile of all schools in the state, and nine elementary schools scored below the 20th percentile.
An aerial view of Interstate 15 approaching the Route 78 interchange in Escondido
Two highways serve Escondido:Route 78 andInterstate 15. Route 78 enters from the west as afreeway fromOceanside, which ends at Broadway. The highway follows surface streets and leaves the city heading east into theSan Pasqual Valley. I-15 continues from the city toTemecula in the north andSan Diego in the south.
Escondido city buses entering and departing the Escondido Transit Center
San Diego Gas & Electric is the electric utility for the city.[105] The City of Escondido Water Utilities serves most customers within the city while Rincon del Diablo Municipal Water District serves potable and recycled water to the greater Escondido valley and some portions of the incorporated city.[106]
Palomar Medical Center is a hospital located in west Escondido near theI-15/78 interchange. It is the only designatedtrauma center in northern San Diego County. It opened in 2012, replacing a PMC facility that has stood in central Escondido since 1950. The original Palomar hospital, located east of downtown at the Valley Parkway/Grand Avenue junction, remained open and was rebranded Palomar Medical Center Downtown, serving as a standby/overflow medical center until 2021, when it was scheduled for demolition. The building was completely demolished in 2022.
The Meeting of the Lord Monastery is located at 14952 Stonebridge Road outside of Escondido. The monastery, in the care of V. Rev. Milan Vuković, is under theomophorion of BishopMaksim Vasiljević of theSerbian Orthodox Church.
Deer Park Monastery is aBuddhist sanctuary that occupies 400 acres (1.6 km2) in the hills north of Escondido and west of Daley Ranch. It is one of three monasteries in the United States under the direction of well-knownZen teacherThich Nhat Hanh.
^abcdeRush, Philip S. (1965). "Rincon del Diablo".Some old ranchos and adobes. San Diego, California. pp. 46, 47.LCCN65021995.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^"II. Land Use"(PDF).City of Escondido General Plan. June 6, 1990. pp. 141, 142, 169.Archived(PDF) from the original on May 5, 2011. RetrievedMarch 29, 2010.
^"II. Land Use"(PDF).City of Escondido General Plan. June 6, 1990. p. 18.Archived(PDF) from the original on May 5, 2011. RetrievedMarch 29, 2010.
^Jason Alderman; Gitanjali Gurudatt Borkar; Amanda Garrett; Lindsay Hogan; Janet Kim; Winston Le; Veronica Louie; Alissa Marque; Phil Reiff; Colin Christopher Richard; Peter Thai; Tania Wang; Craig Wickersham."The Most Conservative and Liberal Cities in the United States"(PDF). The Bay Area Center for Voting Research. Archived fromthe original(PDF) on July 20, 2011. RetrievedJuly 8, 2012.
^Eastman, Quinn (May 9, 2007)."Escondido a quiet corner of 'D.C. Madam's' life".North County Times. Archived fromthe original on September 6, 2012. RetrievedFebruary 14, 2010.Deborah Jeane Palfrey, the woman recently accused by federal prosecutors of running a Washington, D.C., prostitution business by phone from California, owns a house in Escondido, but her neighbors said last week that it provided her a quiet refuge, rather than a remote command post.
^Sullivan, Mike (July 20, 2007)."Weddle wants to get out of the house".North County Times. Archived fromthe original on September 4, 2012. RetrievedJuly 31, 2010.Eric Weddle recently moved into a house in Escondido.
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