Ernst Curtius | |
|---|---|
 Photograph fromImagines Philologorum byAlfred Gudeman | |
| Born | (1814-09-02)2 September 1814 |
| Died | 11 July 1896(1896-07-11) (aged 81) Berlin |
| Known for | Olympia |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | archaeology |
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Ernst Curtius (/ˈkʊərtsiˌʊs/; 2 September 1814 – 11 July 1896) was a Germanarchaeologist, historian and museum director.[1]
He was born inLübeck. On completing his university studies he was chosen byC. A. Brandis to accompany him on a journey toGreece for the prosecution of archaeological researches. Curtius then becameKarl Otfried Müller's companion in his exploration of the Peloponnese, and on Müller's death in 1840 he returned to Germany. In 1844, he became an extraordinary professor at theUniversity of Berlin, and in the same year he was appointed tutor to Prince Frederick William (afterwards theEmperor Frederick III), a post which he held until 1850.[2]
After holding a professorship atGöttingen and undertaking a further journey to Greece in 1862, Curtius was appointed (in 1863) ordinary professor at Berlin. In 1874, he was sent toAthens by the German government and there concluded an agreement by which the excavations atOlympia were entrusted exclusively to Germany. Curtius was elected an International Honorary Member of theAmerican Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1876.[3] In 1891 Curtius was elected a member of theAmerican Antiquarian Society.[4] He was elected an International Member of theAmerican Philosophical Society in 1895.[5] Curtius died in Berlin on 11 July 1896.[6]
On 10 June 1852 Ernst Curtius delivered his famous oration on Olympia at theSingakademie in Berlin in the presence of royal family, which marked the first step towards excavations of Olympia, and gave great impetus for the historical archaeological works in Greece.[1] Following the death ofEduard Gerhard in 1867, Curtius succeeded him as professor of classical archaeology at Berlin. At the same time, Curtius served as a director of the Altes Museum and Antiquarium. The Turko-Russian War (1877–78) delayed the process of reaching an agreement between Greek and German governments for undertaking excavation at Olympia.[1]
Curtius's imperial connections helped him to convince the government to nationalize the German Archaeological Institute in 1874, and open a branch in Athens. In 1874, the Greek government granted the exclusive right to the German Archaeological Institute to excavate at Olympia. A landmark agreement in the history of archaeology was signed by Curtius on 25 April 1874 at Athens, which mandated the Germans to leave all finds in Greece.[7] A special museum was built on the site for this purpose.[8]
In 1875 Curtius led large-scale expeditions of archeologists to systematically unearth Olympia.[9] The first excavation was begun at Olympic inElis, the original Olympic site, where for a thousand years, the Olympic Games had been held.[7] Within six years, they cleared the Olympic stadium, with its runner's starting blocks and judges’ seat. The excavators also uncovered temple ofZeus’s andHera.[10][8]
The findings were published in scientific journals in voluminous throughout Europe between 1890 and 1897. Similarly, the German archaeologists were able to bring to life the knowledge of Olympic with paintings of the Olympic site, and the procedures of the Olympic Games. These helped the western world to understand the importance of reviving the Olympic Games.[10]
His best-known work is hisHistory of Greece (1857–1867). It presented in an attractive style what were then the latest results of scholarly research, but it was criticized as wanting in erudition. It is now superseded. His other writings are chiefly archaeological. The most important are:
His collected speeches and lectures were published under the title ofAltertum und Gegenwart (5th ed., 1903 foll.), to which a third volume was added under the title ofUnter drei Kaisern (2nd ed., 1895).[11]
His brother,Georg Curtius, was a noted philologist.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in thepublic domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Curtius, Ernst".Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 652–653. This work in turn cites:
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