Erlend Haraldsson (c.1124 – 21 December 1154) was jointEarl of Orkney from 1151 to 1154. The son of EarlHarald Haakonsson,^[1] he ruled withHarald Maddadsson andRögnvald Kali Kolsson.^[2]

This was a turbulent period ofOrcadian history. Erlend's claim to the earldom was strong, his father having been earl before him but as happened on several previous occasions, rulership of the islands had become divided.^{[Note 1]} His father had been poisoned c. 1130 when Erlend was still a child and after the death of Erlend's uncle,Paul Haakonsson, the earldom had become shared between Rögnvald and Harald "the Old" Maddadsson. Earl Rögnvald left Orkney in 1151 to go on a pilgrimage to theHoly Land and Erlend acted quickly to build on his inheritance. He obtained half of his father's lands inCaithness from the king of Scotland and claimed half of Orkney as well. Earl Harald refused, so Erlend set sail to Norway to request his share from KingEystein Haraldsson.^[2][4]

The King granted Erlend Harald Maddadsson's share of the Orkney earldom, which led to a series of skirmishes between the two. Erlend had the support ofSweyn Asleifsson, a powerful Viking leader, which enabled him to defend himself for a while against the combined forces of Harald and, on his return, Earl Rögnvald. However, their men eventually killed Erlend during a raid on the island ofDamsay on the night of 21 December 1154.^[5]

The primary source for information about Erlend's life is theOrkneyinga saga, which was first compiled in Iceland in the early 13th century. Much of the information it contains about the early period of Norse history in Orkney is "hard to corroborate"^[6] although the proximity of Erlend'sfloruit to the time when thisNorse saga was compiled in written form may lend weight to its authenticity with respect to this period.

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