Erdut | |
|---|---|
| Municipality of Erdut Općina Erdut Општина Ердут | |
        Villages of the Erdut Municipality | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
  Erdut Location of Erdut in Croatia Show map of Osijek-Baranja County Erdut Erdut (Croatia) Show map of Croatia Erdut Erdut (Europe) Show map of Europe | |
| Coordinates:45°32′N19°04′E / 45.533°N 19.067°E /45.533; 19.067 | |
| Country |  Croatia |
| Region | Slavonia (Podunavlje) |
| County |  Osijek-Baranja |
| Municipal seat Largest settlement | Erdut(nominal),Dalj(administrative) Dalj |
| Government | |
| • Municipal mayor | Jugoslav Vesić (SDSS) |
| Area | |
| 157.5 km2 (60.8 sq mi) | |
| • Urban | 30.5 km2 (11.8 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 158 m (518 ft) |
| Population (2021)[3] | |
| 5,436 | |
| • Density | 34.51/km2 (89.39/sq mi) |
| • Urban | 561 |
| • Urban density | 18.4/km2 (47.6/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+1 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+2 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | |
| Area code | 031 |
| Official languages | Croatian,Serbian[1] |
| Website | opcina-erdut |
Erdut ([ěrduːt]) is a village and a municipality in easternCroatia some 37 km east of the major city ofOsijek. Lying on the border with neighbouringSerbia, it was the site of the signing of the 1995Erdut Agreement, which initiated theUNTAES transitional administration over theEastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Syrmia.
The village of Erdut is the third largest in the municipality, afterDalj andBijelo Brdo. The municipality is part of theOsijek-Baranja County in easternSlavonia. The municipal center is in the largest village of Dalj.
The name Erdut comes from the localHungarian name (Erdőd) meaning "forest road".[4] In other languages, the village inGerman is known asErdung and inSerbian as Ердут.
Due to the local minority population, the Erdut municipality prescribe the use of not onlyCroatian as the official language, but theSerbian language andSerbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.[5][6]: 2 As of 2023, most of the legal requirements for the fulfillment of bilingual standards have been carried out. Cyrillic is used on official seals, buildings and street and traffic signs. Cyrillic is used on most but not all official documents. There public legal and administrative employees proficient in the script.[6]: 133, 134 Preserving traditional Serbian place names and assigning street names to Serbian historical figures is legally mandated and carried out.[6]: 135
The municipality has a total area of 158 km2[7] (61 sq mi) and is the largest member municipality ofJoint Council of Municipalities. TheDrava (5.6 km[7]) andDanube (34.825 km[7]) rivers flow through the municipality. The territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil. The elevation of the village of Erdut is 158 m. It is located at the end of theD213 road near border crossing with Serbia. The railway station is located in Novi Erdut (New Erdut) hamlet, about 1 km south of the village, on theVukovar-Erdut-Bogojevo (Serbia) railway.
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The settlement was first mentioned in 1335 under the Hungarian name Erdöd and then as a city in 1472.[4] It was successively ruled byOttoman Empire,Austrian Empire,Austria-Hungary,Kingdom of Yugoslavia,Independent State of Croatia andYugoslavia.
When Croatiadeclared independence from Yugoslavia in 1991, eastern Slavonia was soon overrun by theYugoslav People's Army and Serbparamilitaries, led by the notorious warlord, Željko Ražnatović known by the nameArkan.[8] The battle for Erdut quickly ended that summer as the entireCroatian population was expelled or killed along with other minorities includingCzechs,Germans,Hungarians,Ruthenians andUkrainians in an act ofethnic cleansing.[9] Their homes were soon occupied by other Serbs.[9] Many buildings and homes were destroyed, including theRoman Catholic Church.[9]
Arkan soon set up a training camp for hisSerb Volunteer Guard in Erdut, which became headquarters until the end of the war, when Croatian forces returned according to a peaceful Basic Agreement on the Region of Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium.
On November 12, 1995, officials signed what is commonly called theErdut Agreement[10] in which the part of eastern Slavonia still occupied by Serbs would be integrated back into Croatia, gradually allowing some of the exiled refugees to return to their homes. This agreement was the basis for the establishment ofJoint Council of Municipalities.[10] Erdut has been under Croatian control since 1998.[11]
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1880 | 9,421 | — |
| 1890 | 10,451 | +10.9% |
| 1900 | 10,904 | +4.3% |
| 1910 | 11,373 | +4.3% |
| 1921 | 10,543 | −7.3% |
| 1931 | 10,976 | +4.1% |
| 1948 | 10,177 | −7.3% |
| 1953 | 10,324 | +1.4% |
| 1961 | 11,440 | +10.8% |
| 1971 | 11,353 | −0.8% |
| 1981 | 11,035 | −2.8% |
| 1991 | 10,197 | −7.6% |
| 2001 | 8,417 | −17.5% |
| 2011 | 7,308 | −13.2% |
| Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 | ||
According to the 2011 census, the municipality has a population is 7,308. The municipal population consists ofSerbs (55,56%),Croats (37,96%) andHungarians (5,06%).[12]
There are 4settlements in municipality:[13]
| Settlement | population |
|---|---|
| Aljmaš | 610 |
| Bijelo Brdo | 1,976 |
| Dalj | 3,952 |
| Erdut | 818 |
Dalj is seat of theEparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja of theSerbian Orthodox Church.
The Municipality of Erdut is one of seven Serb majority member municipalities within theJoint Council of Municipalities, inter-municipalsui generis organization of ethnic Serb community in eastern Croatia established on the basis ofErdut Agreement. As Serb community constitute majority of the population of the municipality it is represented by 2 delegated Councillors at the Assembly of the Joint Council of Municipalities, double the number of Councilors to the number from Serb minority municipalities in Eastern Croatia.[14]
The municipality assembly is composed of 13 representatives. As of 2021, the member parties are:[15]
| Party | Number of votes | Number of seats | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Independent Democratic Serb Party | 1.205 | 8 | |
| Croatian Democratic Union | 698 | 4 | |
| Workers' Front | 141 | 1 |
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting the local or regional authorities, advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.[16] At the2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives electionsHungarians andSerbs of Croatia each fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members municipal minority councils of the Erdut Municipality.[17]
Erdut development index is between 50 and 76% of the Croatian average,[18] and is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as theFirst Category Area of Special State Concern by theGovernment of Croatia.[19]
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The municipality is home ofEparchy of Osječko polje and Baranja, and there is alsoErdut Castle.
(in Croatian)Places adjacent to Erdut | |
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Erdut Municipality | ||
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