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Erbium(III) chloride

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Erbium(III) chloride
Names
Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed in sunlight
IUPAC name Erbium(III) chloride
Other names Erbium trichloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	10138-41-7 (anhydrous)^N
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	59656^Y
ECHA InfoCard	100.030.337
EC Number	233-385-0
PubChem CID	66277
UNII	867J5QOF46^N
CompTox Dashboard(EPA)	DTXSID5064966
InChI InChI=1S/3ClH.Er/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3^Y Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-UHFFFAOYSA-K^Y InChI=1/3ClH.Er/h31H;/q;;;+3/p-3 Key: HDGGAKOVUDZYES-DFZHHIFOAE
SMILES Cl[Er](Cl)Cl
Properties
Chemical formula	ErCl₃ (anhydrous) ErCl₃·6H₂O (hexahydrate)
Molar mass	273.62 g/mol (anhydrous) 381.71 g/mol (hexahydrate)
Appearance	violethygroscopic monoclinic crystals (anhydrous) pinkhygroscopic crystals (hexahydrate)
Density	4.1 g/cm³ (anhydrous)
Melting point	776 °C (1,429 °F; 1,049 K) (anhydrous) decomposes (hexahydrate)
Boiling point	1,500 °C (2,730 °F; 1,770 K)
Solubility in water	soluble inwater (anhydrous) slightly soluble inethanol (hexahydrate)^[1]
Structure^[2]
Crystal structure	monoclinic
Space group	C2/m, No. 12
Lattice constant	a = 6.80 Å,b = 11.79 Å,c = 6.39 Å α = 90°, β = 110.7°, γ = 90°
Lattice volume (V)	479 Å³
Formula units (Z)	4
Related compounds
Otheranions	Erbium(III) oxide
Othercations	Holmium(III) chloride,Thulium(III) chloride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in theirstandard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). N verify (what is ^YN ?) Infobox references

Chemical compound

Erbium(III) chloride is a violet solid with the formulaErCl₃. It is used in the preparation oferbium metal.

Preparation

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Erbium(III) chloride hydrate photographed under a fluorescent lamp

Anhydrous erbium(III) chloride can be produced by theammonium chloride route.^[3]^[4]^[5] In the first step,erbium(III) oxide is heated withammonium chloride to produce the ammonium salt of the pentachloride:

Er₂O₃ + 10 [NH₄]Cl → 2 [NH₄]₂ErCl₅ + 6 H₂O + 6 NH₃

In the second step, the ammonium chloride salt is converted to the trichloride by heating in a vacuum at 350-400 °C:

[NH₄]₂ErCl₅ → ErCl₃ + 2 HCl + 2 NH₃

Structural data

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Erbium(III) chloride forms crystals of theAlCl₃ type, withmonoclinic crystals and thepoint groupC2/m.^[2]

Erbium(III) chloride hexahydrate also forms monoclinic crystals with the point group ofP2/n (P2/c) -C⁴_2h. In this compound, erbium is octa-coordinated to form[Er(H₂O)₆Cl₂]⁺ ions with the isolatedCl⁻ completing the structure.^[6]

Optical properties

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Erbium(III) chloride solutions show anegative nonlinear absorption effect.^[7]^{[clarification needed]}

Catalytic properties

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The use of erbium(III) chloride as acatalyst has been demonstrated in theacylation ofalcohols andphenols^[8] and in anamine functionalisation offurfural.^[9] It is a catalyst forFriedel–Crafts-type reactions, and can be used in place ofcerium(III) chloride forLuche reductions.^[10]

References

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^Lide, David R. (1998).Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87 ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. pp. 4–57.ISBN 0-8493-0594-2.
^^a ^bTempelton DH, Carter GF (1954). "The Crystal Structure of Yttrium Trichloride and Similar Compounds".J Phys Chem.58 (11):940–943.doi:10.1021/j150521a002.
^Brauer, G., ed. (1963).Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry (2nd ed.). New York: Academic Press.
^Meyer, G. (1989). "The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides—The Example of Ycl₃".The Ammonium Chloride Route to Anhydrous Rare Earth Chlorides-The Example of YCl₃. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 25. pp. 146–150.doi:10.1002/9780470132562.ch35.ISBN 978-0-470-13256-2.
^Edelmann, F. T.; Poremba, P. (1997). Herrmann, W. A. (ed.).Synthetic Methods of Organometallic and Inorganic Chemistry. Vol. VI. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.ISBN 978-3-13-103021-4.
^Graebner EJ, Conrad GH, Duliere SF (1966). "Crystallographic data for solvated rare earth chlorides".Acta Crystallographica.21 (6):1012–1013.doi:10.1107/S0365110X66004420.
^Maeda Y, Akidzuki Y, Yamada T (1998). "All-optical liquid device derived from negative nonlinear absorption effect in an erbium chloride solution".Applied Physics Letters.73 (17):2411–2413.Bibcode:1998ApPhL..73.2411M.doi:10.1063/1.122450.
^Dalpozzo Renato, De Nino Antonio, Maiuolo Loredana, Oliverio Manuela, Procopio Antonio, Russo Beatrice, Tocci Amedeo (2007)Erbium(iii) Chloride: a Very Active Acylation Catalyst. Australian Journal of Chemistry 60, 75-79.doi:10.1071/CH06346
^Synthesis of trans-4,5-Bis-dibenzylaminocyclopent-2-enone from Furfural Catalyzed by ErCl3·6H2O Mónica S. Estevão, Ricardo J. V. Martins, and Carlos A. M. Afonso Journal of Chemical Education 2017 94 (10), 1587-1589doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00470
^Luche, Jean-Louis (2001-04-15), "Erbium(III) Chloride", in John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (ed.),Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. re006,doi:10.1002/047084289x.re006,ISBN 978-0-471-93623-7

v t e Erbium compounds
ErF₃ ErSi₂ ErCl₃ ErBr₃ ErI₃ Er₂O₃ ErOBr ErOCl ErOF Er(OH)₃ ErN ErP Er₂Se₃ Er₂Te₃ Er₂(SO₄)₃ Er(NO₃)₃ Er(IO₃)₃ Er₂(CO₃)₃ Er(CH₃COO)₃ Er(acac)₃ ErB₄ ErB₆

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