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Eosphargis

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Extinct genus of turtles

Eosphargis Temporal range:Late Paleocene toEarly Eocene,59–51.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N

Eosphargis breineri skull cast at theUniversity of Copenhagen Geological Museum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Reptilia
Order:	Testudines
Suborder:	Cryptodira
Family:	Dermochelyidae
Genus:	†Eosphargis Lydekker, 1889
Species
†E. breineriNielsen, 1959 †E. gigas(Owen, 1880) †E. insularis(Cope, 1872)
Synonyms
†AnglocetusTarlo, 1964 †LembonaxCope, 1872

Eosphargis (from Greekeos, meaning "dawn", andsphargis, the Greek word for the leatherback turtle) is an extinct genus ofsea turtles from the latePaleocene and earlyEocene of westernEurope and easternNorth America.^[1] It is a member of the familyDermochelyidae, which also includes the modernleatherback sea turtle (Dermochelys coriacea), of which it is the earliest known definitive member.^[2]

Taxonomy

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The genusEosphargis was first described by Britishpaleontologist Richard Lydekker in 1889. It contains three known species:^[1]^[2]

The following species are known:

†E. breineriNielsen, 1959 -Early Eocene ofDenmark (Fur Formation)
†E. gigas(Owen, 1880) - Early Eocene of England (London Clay), potentially Maryland, US (Nanjemoy Formation)^[3]
†E. insularis(Cope, 1872) -Late Paleocene of New Jersey, US (Vincentown Formation) and Virginia, US (Aquia Formation)^[3]

Display of fossilE. breineri material at theFur Museum

It is possible thatE. insularis is conspecific with one of the two other known species, as it is known from only fragmentary material.^[3] It was excluded from a 2025 taxonomic review for this reason.^[2]E. breineri is known from theFur Formation lagerstatte of Denmark, and is thus the species with the best-preserved remains.^[4]

In 1964, an alleged record of ascapula from an earlyarchaeocete whale from theLondon Clay was described as †Anglocetus beatsoniTarlo, 1964. This would have been one of the earliest known whales, and one of the only known from the Eocene of Europe. However, a later analysis found this bone to likely belong to an individual ofE. gigas.^[5]

External links

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Eosphargis at thePaleobiology Database

References

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^^a ^b"PBDB".paleobiodb.org. Archived fromthe original on 2024-04-01. Retrieved2025-10-11.
^^a ^b ^cGentry, Andrew D.; Burns, Michael E.; Ebersole, Jun A.; Gregson, Kimberly A.; Martinez, Emma C.; Parham, James F. (2025-09-12)."A new leatherback marine turtle from the lower Oligocene of North America and a phylogenetic nomenclature for Dermochelyidae".Palaeodiversity.18 (1).doi:10.18476/pale.v18.a6.ISSN 1867-6294.
^^a ^b ^cWeems, Robert E. (2014-05-27)."Paleogene chelonians from Maryland and Virginia".PaleoBios.31 (1).doi:10.5070/P9311022744.ISSN 0031-0298.
^NIELSEN, E. (1964)."On the post-cranial skeleton of Eosphargis breineri Nielsen".Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark.15:281–328.
^HALSTEAD, L. B (1984)."The first whale (Anglocetus beatsoni) is a turtle".The first whale (Anglocetus beatsoni) is a turtle.6 (1):1–4.ISSN 0308-9649.

Dermochelyidae family

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Subclass:Anapsida
Order:Testudines
Suborder:Cryptodira
Superfamily:Chelonioidea
Family:Dermochelyidae

Genera

Species of theDermochelyidae family

†Arabemys

†Arabemys crassiscutata

†Corsochelys

†Corsochelys halinches

†Cosmochelys

†Cosmochelys dolloi

Dermochelys

Leatherback sea turtle

†Eosphargis

†Eosphargis breineri

†Mesodermochelys

†Mesodermochelys undulatus

†Psephophorus

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onturtles of the world 2017 update: Annotated checklist and atlas of taxonomy, synonymy, distribution, and conservation status. †=Extinct.

Testudines

Kingdom:Animalia
Phylum:Chordata
Class:Reptilia
Clade:Diapsida
Order:Testudines

Genus

Chelonioidea
(Sea turtles)

Cheloniidae	†Allopleuron Caretta †Carolinochelys Chelonia †Eochelone Eretmochelys †Gigantatypus †Glarichelys †Itilochelys Lepidochelys †Mexichelys †Miocaretta Natator †Pacifichelys †Syllomus †Tasbacka
Dermochelyidae	†Arabemys †Corsochelys †Cosmochelys Dermochelys †Eosphargis †Mesodermochelys †Psephophorus
	†Euclastes †Peritresius †Procolpochelys †Protosphargis †Puppigerus

Kinosternoidea

Dermatemydidae	Dermatemys
Kinosternidae	Claudius †Hoplochelys Kinosternon Staurotypus Sternotherus

Testudinoidea

Emydidae	†Acherontemys Chrysemys Clemmys Deirochelys Emys Actinemys Emydoidea Glyptemys Graptemys Malaclemys Pseudemys Terrapene Trachemys †Wilburemys
Geoemydidae	Batagur †Banhxeochelys Cuora Cyclemys Geoclemys Geoemyda Hardella Heosemys Leucocephalon Malayemys Mauremys Melanochelys Morenia Notochelys Orlitia Pangshura Rhinoclemmys Sacalia Siebenrockiella Vijayachelys
Platysternidae	Platysternon
Testudinidae	Aldabrachelys Astrochelys Centrochelys Chelonoidis Chersina Cylindraspis †Cymatholcus †Floridemys Geochelone Gopherus †Hadrianus †Hesperotestudo Homopus Indotestudo Kinixys Malacochersus Manouria †Megalochelys †Oligopherus Psammobates Pyxis †Solitudo Stigmochelys †Stylemys Testudo

Trionychia

Carettochelyidae	†Allaeochelys †Anosteira Carettochelys
Trionychidae	Amyda Apalone †Axestemys Chitra Cyclanorbis Cycloderma †Drazinderetes Dogania †Gilmoremys †Hutchemys †Khunnuchelys Lissemys Nilssonia Palea †Palaeoamyda Pelochelys Pelodiscus Rafetus Trionyx
	†Basilochelys †Sinaspideretes

Chelydridae	Chelydra †Chelydrops †Chelydropsis †Emarginachelys †Macrocephalochelys Macrochelys †Planiplastron †Protochelydra
†Nanhsiungchelyidae	†Anomalochelys †Basilemys †Jiangxichelys
†Protostegidae	†Alienochelys †Archelon †Atlantochelys †Bouliachelys †Calcarichelys †Cratochelone †Desmatochelys †Iserosaurus †Notochelone †Ocepechelon †Pneumatoarthrus †Protostega †Rhinochelys †Santanachelys †Terlinguachelys
	†Adocus †Argillochelys †Bashuchelys †Ctenochelys †Prionochelys †Toxochelys

Pleurodira

†Araripemydidae	†Araripemys
†Bothremydidae	†Araiochelys †Arenila †Azabbaremys †Bothremys †Cearachelys †Chedighaii †Chupacabrachelys †Eotaphrosphys †Foxemys †Galianemys †Ilatardia †Inaechelys †Itapecuruemys †Jainemys †Kinkonychelys †Kurmademys †Labrostochelys †Nigeremys †Phosphatochelys †Polysternon †Puentemys †Rosasia †Rhothonemys †Sankuchemys †Taphrosphys †Ummulisani †Zolhafah
Chelidae	Acanthochelys Chelodina Chelus Elseya Elusor Emydura Hydromedusa †Lomalatachelys Mesoclemmys Myuchelys Phrynops Platemys †Prochelidella Pseudemydura Rheodytes Rhinemys †Yaminuechelys
Pelomedusidae	Pelomedusa Pelusios
Podocnemididae	†Albertwoodemys †Bauruemys †Brontochelys †Caninemys †Carbonemys †Cerrejonemys †Cordichelys Erymnochelys †Lapparentemys †Latentemys Peltocephalus Podocnemis †Stupendemys
†Sahonachelyidae	†Sahonachelys †Sokatra

	†Caribemys †Caririemys †Tacuarembemys

Phylogenetic arrangement of turtles based onTurtles of the World 2017 Update: Annotated Checklist and Atlas of Taxonomy, Synonymy, Distribution, and Conservation Status. † = extinct.

See alsoList of Testudines families

Taxon identifiers
Eosphargis	Wikidata:Q5381926 EoL:4519534 GBIF:4818690 IRMNG:1013194 Open Tree of Life:3606432 Paleobiology Database:36347

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