 | This articleneeds additional citations forverification. Please helpimprove this article byadding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "English language in the Netherlands" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September 2012) (Learn how and when to remove this message) |
In theNetherlands, theEnglish language can be spoken by the vast majority of the population, with estimates of English proficiency reaching 90%[1] to 97%[2] of the Dutch population. Contributing factors for the high degree of English fluency are the similarity of the two languages, the country's small size, dependence on international trade,[3] and the use ofsubtitles for foreign languages ontelevision, rather thanaudio dubbing. Dutch children have to start learning English in primary school from age ten at the latest.[4] Additionally, more and more Dutch schools, at all levels of education, have adopted English as a language to teach in.[3]
Dutch's genealogical proximity to English is also noted as a significant factor since both languages share a closely relatedWest Germanic language origin.[5] Occupations that require advanced knowledge of English, such as those in aviation and the sciences, are above averagely chosen in the Netherlands. Furthermore, it is an official and the majority language in the Caribbean municipalities ofSaba andSint Eustatius.[6]
Culturally, the Dutch have a long tradition of foreign language learning. The focus of modern foreign language (MFL) learning in school lies on English, German and/or French. Despite an ever stronger focus on English, learning two or even three foreign languages is still not unusual. For instance, 31% of the Dutch also claim to speak German well enough to have a conversation in it.[3]
Various explanations contribute to the popularity of English in the Netherlands. The small size and population of the Netherlands and hundreds of years of it having a trade and commerce economy, particularly between Continental Europe and the United Kingdom, the Dutch put strong emphasis on learning English and other foreign languages, especially French and German.[citation needed] In the following decades, with American-dominated globalization, English gradually increased in importance as alingua franca, at the expense of bothGerman andFrench, which lost popularity as second languages in the latter half of the 20th century. That is in spite ofGermany being the most important trade partner of the Netherlands. Nevertheless, knowledge of more than one foreign language is still more widespread than in many other member states of theEuropean Union.[citation needed]
Visitors may find that it is possible to live in the Netherlands for a long time without learning Dutch. A substantial number of the inhabitants of Amsterdam have English as their native language, mostly British and North American immigrants.[citation needed] Nevertheless, in and around Amsterdam, one may find announcements, traffic signs and advertisements in both Dutch and English or even in English only, as inSchiphol Airport.[citation needed] Amsterdam, however, already has had an English-speaking community for hundreds of years. A church worshipping in English, theEnglish Reformed Church was reopened for worship in 1607.[7]
Most important scholarly and scientific publications in the Netherlands are now in English with the exception of government and legal publications.
English is compulsory at all levels of theDutch secondary education system:
The official goal is for pupils to learnReceived Pronunciation, or theKing's English. However, the availability of American-English television, as well as British English television programmes that are freely available without audio dubbing has resulted in Dutch pupils speaking and writing a mix of these major influences.
Since secondary schools in the Netherlands have different levels of education (preparatory mid-level professional, higher general continued education and pre-university college/preparatory scientific education), a test from the elementary school and the advice of the teacher determines the level that a pupil will attend.The first teaches a pupil enough English to have simple conversations.
The second is focused on achieving the ability to speak formally and in a professional setting.The third is focused on understanding the more difficult texts and communicating on a university/scientific level, which is a bit more than a master in English needed for British universities demands but without the proverbs or sayings.[citation needed]
In addition to the availability of the British channelsBBC One,Two andWorld News and the AmericanCNN, many programmes broadcast on Dutch channels are broadcast in their original English language with Dutchsubtitles.[5] English language children's programmes, however, are usuallydubbed.Dubbed commercials, films and television programmes, apart from animations and cartoons, have often come to be disliked by the Dutch public. People very much prefer them to be broadcast with subtitles or even with no form of translation at all.
There are also a few television stations broadcasting in English, which target the English-speaking community of the Netherlands, such as AF-TV, or dedicate large portions of airtime to programming in English, such asRTV7 and Amsterdam local TV channel Salto 1. (See alsoTelevision in the Netherlands)
Dunglish (calledsteenkolenengels inDutch translating tocoal English) is a portmanteau ofDutch andEnglish and a term often used pejoratively to refer to the mistakes native Dutch speakers make when speaking English.