Len Hutton captained theEnglish cricket team in Australia in 1954–55, playing as England againstAustralia in the1954–55 Ashes series and as theMCC inother matches on the tour. It was the first time that an England team had toured Australia under aprofessional captain since the 1880s. After losing the First Test by an innings, they beat Australia 3–1 and retainedthe Ashes. The combination ofFrank Tyson,Brian Statham,Trevor Bailey,Johnny Wardle andBob Appleyard made it one of the strongest bowling sides to tour Australia, and it was the only team of any nationality to defeat Australia at home between1932–33 and1970–71.
The tour was managed byGeoffrey Howard, the popular secretary ofLancashire County Cricket Club who had been a wicketkeeper-batsman for the Private Banks XI in 1926–36 and had played three games forMiddlesex. He was in theRAF during theSecond World War and once hit a century before lunch playing for their cricket team.[1] Howard had managed the MCC tour of India and Sri Lanka in 1951–52, and on a later tour would smooth things over when some players tipped water over umpire Idris Begh in Pakistan in 1955–56. "The 'Ger" ran a happy ship and even played in a couple of non-first class matches. He had been given no funds by the MCC (he was meant to return a profit) and had to take out an overdraft from an Australian bank until he could pay his way with gate receipts.[2] WhenLen Hutton was stricken withfibrositis at the start of the Third Test, it was Howard and Duckworth who convinced him to play.George Duckworth had been England's wicketkeeper in the 1920s, but now managed the team's baggage and travel arrangements. He "was guide, philosopher and friend to all who had the sense to see the worth of his experience of cricket in Australia" and liaised with the press corps.[3] One innovation was the appointment of Harold Dalton as the team physiotherapist. Previously the players had used local masseurs.
The selection of the MCC touring team was not without controversy.Len Hutton was the firstprofessional England captain sinceArthur Shrewsbury in1876–77 other than as a temporary stop-gap. This break with tradition received much criticism from those who thought only a gentleman should hold this honour, but England had been heavily defeated by Australia in every series since the war, and even theWest Indies in 1950. Hutton had been brought up in the hard school ofYorkshire cricket underGeorge Hirst andHerbert Sutcliffe. Even so, he "...was a tactical genius, whose assistance was often sought..." by amateur captains, but in his day professionals were not trained as captains and the burden sat heavily on his shoulders.[4]
He began well with a 3–0 victory overIndia in 1952 andregained the Ashes 1–0 in1953. England pulled back from being 2–0 down to square a series in theWest Indies in 1953–54 despite political interference, riots and dubious umpiring. England drew 1–1 withPakistan in 1954, but Hutton was ill for two Tests and theRevDavid Sheppard captained England. There was talk that theSussex amateur should lead the MCC in Australia and New Zealand. Fortunately, wiser counsels prevailed and Hutton was confirmed as captain. Of the amateurs on tourBill Edrich was an old comrade and had been a professional before the war, and the others –Reg Simpson,Trevor Bailey,Peter May andColin Cowdrey – had been schoolboys when Hutton was making Test centuries. As a result, Hutton's right to the captaincy was not questioned, the team were happy to play under him and his conscientious vice-captainPeter May was particularly helpful.[5] As a working classYorkshireman he was not fully adept insocial graces, and he gave his after-dinner speeches in "Pudsey English".[6] When dealing with the press corps, Hutton used heavy silences and "developed the art when it suited him of delivering with much gravityDelphic utterances which his hearers could interpret however they pleased"[7]
Hutton captained England in 23 Tests – of which he won 11, drew 8 and lost 4 – and proved to be one of the most successful captains in England's history. They never lost a series in which he was captain and England regainedthe Ashes fromLindsay Hassett's powerful1953 Australians—the first such success in 19 years. He was fortunate in the quality of the young England players available in the 1950s, but he used them to the utmost effect. More than any other player he knew the strain of facing high-quality fast bowling and used his own fast bowlers ruthlessly. Hutton would often slow the over rates both to rest them in the Australian heat and to break the concentration of the batsmen, as he knew that strokemakers could be got out through frustration alone. These tactics did not endear him to the crowds, or the "old guard" back home who preferred the carefree attacking captaincy of the amateur, but they were very effective. The Yorkshireman also made bowling changes with great cunning, notably in the Fourth Test at Adelaide, and his ability to read a wicket during a match sometimes verged onsecond sight.[8]Frank Tyson wrote that Hutton was "pursued by his own personal demons. He will never be completely content until the series has been won and he has exorcised his two personal tormentors, Lindwall and Miller. Not for a moment does he relax his own bottled up intensity".[9] There have been more inspirational captains and those with more flair and imagination, but few matched Len Hutton for sheer bloody-minded determination to win.[10][11][12] He retired from the game soon after the tour and was knighted for services to cricket in 1956.
England had a strong batting line up:Len Hutton (averaging 56.67),Bill Edrich (40.00),Peter May (46.77),Colin Cowdrey (44.06),Denis Compton (50.06) andTrevor Bailey (29.74), withTom Graveney (44.38) standing in for the injured Compton and out-of-form Edrich in the two Sydney Tests. Hutton was the holder of the then recordTest score of 364 and had by far the best batting average of either team in1950–51 (88.83) and1953 (55.37). The main problem was finding a suitable opening partner onceCyril Washbrook (42.81) had retired.Reg Simpson (33.35) was the only other opener in the team and thought the job should be his. He had been on the sidelines for years, and had made 156 not out atMelbourne in the1950–51 Ashes series when Australia was beaten for the first time in 12 years. Though chosen for the First Test he failed and did not find his form until late in the series. As a result, Hutton tried Bailey, Edrich and Graveney in the number two position. England's opening-partnership problem remained unsolved until the emergence ofJohn Edrich andGeoffrey Boycott in the 1960s. With the strong Australian bowling on their home turf, runs were hard to come by and only the obstinate stonewaller "Barnacle" Bailey exceeded his career Test average in a low-scoring series (37.00 over 29.74).Keith Miller wrote "I reckon he has saved more matches for England than anyone else since the war. His figures belie his worth to England. When a fielding side sees him coming in, a trough of deep depression immediately settles around the area".[13]Bill Edrich had been aSquadron Leader during the war and won theDFC for his part in the"RAF's most audacious and dangerous low-level bombing raid" onCologne in 1941.[14][15] Edrich had "an immense relief that he survived" becoming abon viveur who lived for the day and a gutsy batsman who was "almost indifferent to his own safety. No bowler is too fast to hook; no score too large to defy challenge."[16]Vic Wilson was a strappingYorkshire farmer who could hit the ball many a mile, but failed to come to terms with the Australian pitches. The baby-facedColin Cowdrey, anOxford undergraduate and the youngest member of the side, was a real find with his immaculate timing of the ball in the first of a record six tours of Australia. "The 22-year-old had received news of his father's death at the start of the tour, but soldiered on, thanks to the advice and encouragement of his young teammate Peter May and father figure and captain Len Hutton".[17] Even so, Hutton made a small bet that Wilson would score more Test runs than Cowdrey on the tour[18] Tyson worked on his batting and in 1954 "was building up a reputation as anall-rounder, scoring consistently with the bat",[19] and even batted at number seven on the tour. The team scored fewer Test runs than any England team in Australia for fifty years,[20] but with such talent somebody usually got the vital runs and, except at Brisbane, England had the advantage.
Like Australia, England had a rich seam of bowling talent in the 1950s, so much so that they left behind fast bowlerFred Trueman (average 21.57), off-spinnerJim Laker (21.24) and slow left armerTony Lock (25.58) who between them had taken 15 wickets in the Ashes-winning Fifth Test at theKennington Oval in 1953. The most likely explanation is that these outspoken cricketers were regarded as 'difficult tourists' by the MCC and Hutton thought that "Fiery Fred" had yet to mature as a bowler.[21] As in every series since the war it looked like the England bowling would rest on the broad shoulders ofAlec Bedser (24.89)—in 1954 his 231 wickets was the greatest haul in Test history. His lethal combination of in-swingers and leg-cutters had taken30 wickets (at 16.06) on the 1950–51 tour and39 wickets (at 17.48) in 1953. The unfortunate Bedser suffered fromshingles, had seven catches dropped off him in the First Test, where he was hit for 1/131, was dropped and never got back into the side. He took to bowling to theAustralian team in the nets andKeith Miller told him "You're not too bad for a Test discard. If you want a game you can come over and play with us".[22] In the last four Tests Hutton relied on the formidable bowling attack ofFrank Tyson (18.76),Brian Statham (24.84),Trevor Bailey (29.21),Johnny Wardle (20.39) andBob Appleyard (17.87). While "Typhoon" Tyson is justly famed for simply blasting the opposition away, the nagging accuracy of Statham and Bailey and the increasing spin of Wardle and Appleyard all served to tie down and frustrate the Australian batsmen. In fact the spinners took wickets with a faster strike rate (1 wicket every 57 balls) and at a lower average (21.57) than the fast bowlers. LikeSimpson the fast swing bowlerPeter Loader (22.51) thought that he should have played in the Tests and was unlucky not to do so.Big Jim McConnon also had a bad tour, he was never really seen as an adequate alternative forJim Laker, didn't find his form and was sent home early after a couple of painful injuries.Bill Edrich had opened the England bowling before the war, but rarely bowled in the 1950s.Len Hutton,Tom Graveney andColin Cowdrey were part-time leg-spinners who were only really used in up-country games.
Evans is a grand keeper. On this tour he proved that he is the outstanding keeper in the world today. I have never seen a better keeper thanTallon as he was inEngland in 1948...but that time has passed. Evans is now the world best. That's the way things go and the way we Australians are supposed to like it. Evans reminds me always of afox terrier. He simply cannot stand still whilst on the cricket field. He moves with short, quick steps, dives, literally dives, at the ball when it is returned badly out of his reach...
England's lamentable fielding at Brisbane – they dropped 14 catches – set a new low in Tests, made even worse by Australia's obvious superiority in this department. As a result, the tourists worked on this aspect of their game and improved through the tour, they could hardly do worse.[24] In the First Test the exuberantGodfrey Evans – the outstanding wicket-keeper of the era – was suffering from heat-stroke, so debutantKeith Andrew was behind the stumps; he droppedArthur Morris on 0 (he made 153) and didn't take any catches. Evans recovered and took over the rest of the series, taking a magnificent leg side catch off Tyson to dismissNeil Harvey at Melbourne that precipitated Australia's collapse.Len Hutton (57 catches),Peter May (42),Bill Edrich (39) andTom Graveney (80) were fine slip catchers, andColin Cowdrey (120) proved to be an excellent one, but Hutton hadfibrositis, Edrich andBedser proved ungainly in the field andDenis Compton not only had his knee problem, but broke his hand on a billboard at Brisbane. As a result, the young bowlers had to exhaust themselves in the outfield instead of resting between spells. Vic Wilson never got to grips with the Australian pitches, but was a noted fielder and was used as a substitute.
26 November–1 December scorecard |
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 Australia won by an innings and 154 runsBrisbane Cricket Ground,Woolloongabba,Australia Umpires:C. Hoy (AUS) &M. J. McInnes (AUS) |
See Main Article – 1954–55 Ashes series
17–22 December scorecard |
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 England won by 38 runsSydney Cricket Ground,Sydney,Australia Umpires:M. J. McInnes (AUS) &R. J. J. Wright (AUS) |
See Main Article – 1954–55 Ashes series
31 December–5 January scorecard |
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| England won by 128 runs Melbourne Cricket Ground,Melbourne,Australia Umpires:C. Hoy (AUS) &M. J. McInnes (AUS) |
See Main Article – 1954–55 Ashes series
28 January–2 February scorecard |
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| England won by 5 wickets Adelaide Oval,Adelaide,Australia Umpires:M. J. McInnes (AUS) &R. J. J. Wright (AUS) |
See Main Article – 1954–55 Ashes series
25 February–3 March scorecard |
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371/7 (dec) T. W. Graveney 111 D. C. S. Compton 84 P. B. H. May 79 T. E. Bailey 72 I.W.G. Johnson 3/68 R.R. Lindwall 3/77 | ||
See Main Article – 1954–55 Ashes series
The English team had a stopover inColomboen route to Australia and played a one-day single-innings match there against the Ceylon national team, which at that time did not have Test status.[25]
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