.jpg)
Energy in Romania describesenergy production, consumption and import inRomania.
Romania has significant oil and gas reserves, substantial coal deposits and it has considerable installed hydroelectric power. However, Romania imports oil and gas fromRussia and other countries. To ease this dependency Romania seeks to use nuclear power as an alternative for electricity generation.
Electric power in Romania is dominated by government enterprises, although privately operated coal mines and oil refineries also existed. Accordingly, Romania placed an increasingly heavy emphasis on developing nuclear power generation. Electric power was provided by theRomanian Electric Power Corporation (CONEL). Energy sources used in electric power generation consisted primarily of nuclear, coal, oil, andliquefied natural gas (LNG).
The country has twonuclear reactors, located atCernavodă, generating about 18–20% of the country'selectricity production.
|
CO2 emissions: |
A review of the energy strategy took place in 2022.
Gas production currently around 25m m3/d with a potential for increase from the 100billion m3 on shore reserves. Offshore reserves are estimated at 40billion m3. There is a potential for LNG production and Romania could become a major energy supplier to Europe.[2]
Renewable energy:
Nuclear energy:Currently producing around 20% of Romanian needs, two new reactors are scheduled to be built with help from the USA.[2]
Interconnectivity:Improved connections for the supply of gas and electricity to/from neighbouring countries are planned.
Possessing substantial oil refining capacities, Romania is particularly interested in the Central Asia – Europe pipelines and seeks to strengthen its relations with somePersian Gulf states. Refining capacity was reduced by 2018, with just 5 refineries remaining and an overall refining capacity of approximately 13.7Mt per annum. Romania's refining capacity far exceeds domestic demand for refined petroleum products, allowing the country to export a wide range of oil products and petrochemicals—such as lubricants, bitumen, and fertilizers—throughout the region.[3]
Romania has large natural gas reserves and produces most of the gas for the countries needs.
The nationalnatural gas transmission system inRomania is owned byTransgaz a state-owned company.
Interconnector pipelines connect Romania with Hungary, Bulgaria, Ukraine and onward connections to Turkey, Greece, North Macedonia, Azerbaijan and Austria.
About 15% of the final consumption of energy in Romania is consumed as electricity.[4]
In accordance with EU directives and climate control ambitions, additional effort and money was put into improving renewable energy sources. The target of 24% renewable energy was reached in 2020.[5]
Since the 2022Russian Invasion of Ukraine the need to strengthen and diversify sources of electricity was given a boost. A target of 30.7% renewable energy generation has been set, to be achieved by 2030; however thereare plans to increase this to 34%.[5]
Consumption in 2022 was 51.7089 TWh (terawatt hours), 7.2% less than 2021. 7.3251 million TWh were exported in 2022.[5]
In 2022 and 2023 improved connections were with neighbouring Moldova, bringing it into the European grid, with Romania supplying Moldova with electricity.[6]
Electricitytransmission system operator Transelectrica is scheduled to have a 3 GWwind energy capacity by 2026.[7] 1.9 GW of offshore wind is planned for 2027-28.Romania has two nuclear reactors located atCernavodă with 1,300 MW capacity, the first became operational in 1996, the second in 2007. In 2020 nuclear produced 11.5 TWh of electricity, being 20% of Romania's electricity generation.[8]
Nuclear waste is stored on site at reprocessing facilities.
| Achievement | Year | Achievement | Year | Achievement | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | 1996 | 15% | 1997 | 20% | 2008[1] |
Renewable energy includes wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy sources.
Solar power expanded in 2013 but for the next 10 years remained fairly static with around 1,300 MW capacity. Plans from 2023 include a doubling of capacity after the law was changed in 2023 making it easier to obtain planning permission.[9]
Biomass provides around 1% of electricity generation capacity.
In the decade between 1989 and 1999, Romania saw decrease of itsgreenhouse gas emissions by 55%. This can be accounted for by a 45% decrease in energy use due to languishing economy, and a 15% decrease in itscarbon intensity of energy use. In this period of time the carbon intensity of Romania's economy decreased by 40%, while Romania's GDP declined 15%. Romania's GDP has recovered significantly since then.[10]
There has been a big push towards renewable energy.
| Africa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asia | |||||
| Europe |
| ||||
| North America | |||||
| Oceania | |||||
| South America | |||||
